Problems of modern russian economy through the eyes of teachers and students: Results of sociological research in Russian universities

The article is devoted to the results of sociological research conducted in Russian universities in December 2015 - March 2016. The aim of the study was to identify the main problems of economic development of the Russian Federation that are of interest to teachers and students. The course taken by the Russian state five years ago to ensure openness and transparency of the activities of state bodies must ensure the availability of information necessary in the process of expert and analytical work. In this regard, the survey has also set the objective to determine how the steps taken in this area have provided the necessary information for the society, including the expert community. In the process of the study we have revealed the peculiarities of perception of the Russian economy structural problems by representatives of university community (teachers and students), especially the perception by the group of officially published information, as well as we have established how the representatives of university community assess the effectiveness of policy to ensure the transparency of public authorities and common understanding the mechanisms of governance

An investigation of antigenotoxic properties of plant extracts of Chelidonium majus L., Plantago major L. and Tussilago farfara L

The antigenotoxic properties of the sap from three medicinal plants, the greater celandine (Chelidonium majus L.), the greater plantain (Plantago major L.), and coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.), were studied using two bacterial test systems (SOS chromotest and Rec assay). It was determined using the combined effect of the plant sap and model genotoxicants on the cells of test strains that the plant sap of the greater celandine reveals a dismutagenic effect decreasing the genotoxic effect of nalidixic acid in the SOS chromotest and furacilin in the Rec assay. The plants sap of the greater celandine and coltsfoot (in 1: 10 and 1: 100 dilutions) demonstrated a bioantimutagenic effect in the SOS chromotest because pre-incubation of the E. coli PQ37 cells test strain with the sap of these plants resulted in a significant decrease of the genotoxic effect of nalidixic acid. The antigenotoxic effect of the greater plantain sap was not statistically significant in both test systems. Possible mechanisms of determining the antigenotoxic properties of the plant sap from greater celandine and coltsfoot are discussed. © 2011 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Using stabilometric data for prognosis of falls in the elderly in-patients of neurology ward

This is our first analysis of clinical and paraclinical data from 176 elderly patients of a neurology ward (from 56 to 87 years of age). We included the results from the questionnaires and from computerized stabilometric tests. Using multifactor analysis we suggest the most significant factors for the risk of falls. A model for prognosis of the number of falls in the elderly patients with neurological conditions during 12 months is presented in this paper.Нами впервые проанализированы клинические и параклинические данные 176 пожилых пациентов неврологического стационара в возрасте от 56 до 87 лет с учетом результатов анкетирования и компьютерной стабилометрии. С помощью многофакторного анализа выделены наиболее значимые показатели стабиломерии для риска падений. В статье представлена модель, позволяющие прогнозировать число падений в течение 12 месяцев у пожилых пациентов с заболеваниями нервной системы

State-of-the-art analytical methods of viral infections in human lung organoids

Human-based organ models can provide strong predictive value to investigate the tropism, virulence, and replication kinetics of viral pathogens. Currently, such models have received widespread attention in the study of SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Applicable to a large set of organoid models and viruses, we provide a step-by-step work instruction for the infection of human alveolar-like organoids with SARS-CoV-2 in this protocol collection. We also prepared a detailed description on state-of-the-art methodologies to assess the infection impact and the analysis of relevant host factors in organoids. This protocol collection consists of five different sets of protocols. Set 1 describes the protein extraction from human alveolar-like organoids and the determination of protein expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and FURIN as exemplary host factors of SARS-CoV-2. Set 2 provides detailed guidance on the extraction of RNA from human alveolar-like organoids and the subsequent qPCR to quantify the expression level of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and FURIN as host factors of SARS-CoV-2 on the mRNA level. Protocol set 3 contains an in-depth explanation on how to infect human alveolar-like organoids with SARS-CoV-2 and how to quantify the viral replication by plaque assay and viral E gene-based RT-qPCR. Set 4 provides a step-by-step protocol for the isolation of single cells from infected human alveolar-like organoids for further processing in single-cell RNA sequencing or flow cytometry. Set 5 presents a detailed protocol on how to perform the fixation of human alveolar-like organoids and guides through all steps of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to visualize SARS-CoV-2 and its host factors. The infection and all subsequent analytical methods have been successfully validated by biological replications with human alveolar-like organoids based on material from different donors

Human alveolar progenitors generate dual lineage bronchioalveolar organoids

Mechanisms of epithelial renewal in the alveolar compartment remain incompletely understood. To this end, we aimed to characterize alveolar progenitors. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of the HTII-280+/EpCAM+ population from adult human lung revealed subclusters enriched for adult stem cell signature (ASCS) genes. We found that alveolar progenitors in organoid culture in vitro show phenotypic lineage plasticity as they can yield alveolar or bronchial cell-type progeny. The direction of the differentiation is dependent on the presence of the GSK-3β inhibitor, CHIR99021. By RNA-seq profiling of GSK-3β knockdown organoids we identified additional candidate target genes of the inhibitor, among others FOXM1 and EGF. This gives evidence of Wnt pathway independent regulatory mechanisms of alveolar specification. Following influenza A virus (IAV) infection organoids showed a similar response as lung tissue explants which confirms their suitability for studies of sequelae of pathogen-host interaction

Plasma mediators in patients with severe COVID-19 cause lung endothelial barrier failure

Plasma of COVID-19 patients induces pulmonary microvascular barrier failure which increases with disease severity. Here, we report a versatile high-throughput screening platform to test for involved plasma mediators and the therapeutic potential of barrier stabilising compounds

Human alveolar progenitors generate dual lineage bronchioalveolar organoids

Mechanisms of epithelial renewal in the alveolar compartment remain incompletely understood. To this end, we aimed to characterize alveolar progenitors. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of the HTII-280(+)/EpCAM(+) population from adult human lung revealed subclusters enriched for adult stem cell signature (ASCS) genes. We found that alveolar progenitors in organoid culture in vitro show phenotypic lineage plasticity as they can yield alveolar or bronchial cell-type progeny. The direction of the differentiation is dependent on the presence of the GSK-3β inhibitor, CHIR99021. By RNA-seq profiling of GSK-3β knockdown organoids we identified additional candidate target genes of the inhibitor, among others FOXM1 and EGF. This gives evidence of Wnt pathway independent regulatory mechanisms of alveolar specification. Following influenza A virus (IAV) infection organoids showed a similar response as lung tissue explants which confirms their suitability for studies of sequelae of pathogen-host interaction

Problems of modern russian economy through the eyes of teachers and students: Results of sociological research in Russian universities

The article is devoted to the results of sociological research conducted in Russian universities in December 2015 - March 2016. The aim of the study was to identify the main problems of economic development of the Russian Federation that are of interest to teachers and students. The course taken by the Russian state five years ago to ensure openness and transparency of the activities of state bodies must ensure the availability of information necessary in the process of expert and analytical work. In this regard, the survey has also set the objective to determine how the steps taken in this area have provided the necessary information for the society, including the expert community. In the process of the study we have revealed the peculiarities of perception of the Russian economy structural problems by representatives of university community (teachers and students), especially the perception by the group of officially published information, as well as we have established how the representatives of university community assess the effectiveness of policy to ensure the transparency of public authorities and common understanding the mechanisms of governance

Problems of modern russian economy through the eyes of teachers and students: Results of sociological research in Russian universities

The article is devoted to the results of sociological research conducted in Russian universities in December 2015 - March 2016. The aim of the study was to identify the main problems of economic development of the Russian Federation that are of interest to teachers and students. The course taken by the Russian state five years ago to ensure openness and transparency of the activities of state bodies must ensure the availability of information necessary in the process of expert and analytical work. In this regard, the survey has also set the objective to determine how the steps taken in this area have provided the necessary information for the society, including the expert community. In the process of the study we have revealed the peculiarities of perception of the Russian economy structural problems by representatives of university community (teachers and students), especially the perception by the group of officially published information, as well as we have established how the representatives of university community assess the effectiveness of policy to ensure the transparency of public authorities and common understanding the mechanisms of governance

Problems of modern russian economy through the eyes of teachers and students: Results of sociological research in Russian universities

The article is devoted to the results of sociological research conducted in Russian universities in December 2015 - March 2016. The aim of the study was to identify the main problems of economic development of the Russian Federation that are of interest to teachers and students. The course taken by the Russian state five years ago to ensure openness and transparency of the activities of state bodies must ensure the availability of information necessary in the process of expert and analytical work. In this regard, the survey has also set the objective to determine how the steps taken in this area have provided the necessary information for the society, including the expert community. In the process of the study we have revealed the peculiarities of perception of the Russian economy structural problems by representatives of university community (teachers and students), especially the perception by the group of officially published information, as well as we have established how the representatives of university community assess the effectiveness of policy to ensure the transparency of public authorities and common understanding the mechanisms of governance