UTJECAJ CIJEPLJENJA NA RAST KALIFORNIJSKE PASTRVE U KOMERCIJALNOJ PROIZVODNJI

The effect of intraperitoneal (ip) vaccination upon the performance of rainbow trout (n = 1611), maintained under commercial production conditions (aerated spring water, 9.8 ºC, 150 L/min), was evaluated over a 7-week period. Vaccine impact was examined with reference to control (n = 1683) and injected control (sterile filtered water; n = 1537) animals. All groups were run in triplicate (i. e., n 500 fish per gorup). Animals were fed to satiation twice daily. Vaccination suppressed (P500 riba/grupi). Riba je hranjena do sitosti dva puta dnevno. U usporedbi s kontrolnim grupama, cijepljenje je utjecalo na smanjeni prirast (P<0.05) u vrijeme istraživanja. Odgovarajući pad dnevnog prirasta težine (P<0.05), kroz prvih 29 dana pokusa, također je zapažen kod cijepljenih riba. Konverzija hrane, kao i količina obroka bili su slično negativni kod cijepljenih životinja 29 dana nakon cijepljenja (P<0.05). Cjepivo je uzrokovala abdominalnu adheziju, no razlike u kemijskom sastavu tijela nisu ustanovljene

UTJECAJ CIJEPLJENJA NA RAST KALIFORNIJSKE PASTRVE U KOMERCIJALNOJ PROIZVODNJI

The effect of intraperitoneal (ip) vaccination upon the performance of rainbow trout (n = 1611), maintained under commercial production conditions (aerated spring water, 9.8 ºC, 150 L/min), was evaluated over a 7-week period. Vaccine impact was examined with reference to control (n = 1683) and injected control (sterile filtered water; n = 1537) animals. All groups were run in triplicate (i. e., n 500 fish per gorup). Animals were fed to satiation twice daily. Vaccination suppressed (P500 riba/grupi). Riba je hranjena do sitosti dva puta dnevno. U usporedbi s kontrolnim grupama, cijepljenje je utjecalo na smanjeni prirast (P<0.05) u vrijeme istraživanja. Odgovarajući pad dnevnog prirasta težine (P<0.05), kroz prvih 29 dana pokusa, također je zapažen kod cijepljenih riba. Konverzija hrane, kao i količina obroka bili su slično negativni kod cijepljenih životinja 29 dana nakon cijepljenja (P<0.05). Cjepivo je uzrokovala abdominalnu adheziju, no razlike u kemijskom sastavu tijela nisu ustanovljene

Development of video tutorials to help parents manage children with acute illnesses using a modified Delphi method

Aim: Children often fall sick, which causes concern among parents. Online health information can be confusing and difficult to understand. We aimed to produce simple, informative video tutorials on the symptoms ill children present. Methods: We used a modified Delphi method to produce video tutorials on the symptoms of fever, vomiting and diarrhoea, abdominal pain, breathing difficulties, sore throat, red eyes, earache and rash. We identified the most common symptoms in acutely ill children. During the first consensus round, experts rated statements on out-of-hospital management from existing health information. Video tutorials were produced from statements rated to be included. The second consensus round involved video showings and editing. Two videos were evaluated in focus groups by parents. Results: During the first round, experts rated a median of 79 (40–154) statements for each symptom. Panels consisted of a median of seven (6–11) experts, primarily. Panels reached a consensus on inclusion, neutrality or exclusion in 83% of statements. The second round led to adjustments to the videos and final approval by experts. Most parents evaluated the videos as ‘informative, easy to understand and calming’. Conclusion: We produced video tutorials on the common symptoms ill children present using a modified Delphi method. Feedback from parents in focus groups was positive.</p

Giving risk management culture a role in strategic planning

WOS: 000413939000023Strategically planned and implemented risk management paves the way for competitive advantage and a decisive edge for global financial institutions. The importance of risk management becomes more evident in financial instability periods. The failure of global financial institutions in the recent financial crisis revealed that firms with strong risk management and culture were more prepared and economically less damaged. As financial institutions have been criticized severely about risk management practices, it also becomes clear that most financial institutions have difficulties in developing a risk management culture. To have a clear understanding of risk management culture, the chapter aims to highlight a need to extend our understanding of risk management culture and how it can find a voice in the strategic planning of global financial institutions

Glucose Monitoring During Pregnancy

Self-monitoring of blood glucose in women with mild gestational diabetes has recently been proven to be useful in reducing the rates of fetal overgrowth and gestational weight gain. However, uncertainty remains with respect to the optimal frequency and timing of self-monitoring. A continuous glucose monitoring system may have utility in pregnant women with insulin-treated diabetes, especially for those women with blood sugars that are difficult to control or who experience nocturnal hypoglycemia; however, continuous glucose monitoring systems need additional study as part of larger, randomized trials

Immunohaematological reference values in human immunodeficiency virus-negative adolescent and adults in rural northern Tanzania

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The amount of CD4 T cells is used for monitoring HIV progression and improvement, and to make decisions to start antiretroviral therapy and prophylactic drugs for opportunistic infections. The aim of this study was to determine normal reference values for CD4 T cells, lymphocytes, leucocytes and haemoglobin level in healthy, HIV negative adolescents and adults in rural northern Tanzania.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross sectional study was conducted from September 2006 to March 2007 in rural northern Tanzania. Participants were recruited from voluntary HIV counselling and testing clinics. Patients were counselled for HIV test and those who consented were tested for HIV. Clinical screening was done, and blood samples were collected for CD4 T cell counts and complete blood cell counts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We enrolled 102 participants, forty two (41.2%) males and 60 (58.8%) females. The mean age was 32.6 ± 95% CI 30.2–35.0. The mean absolute CD4 T cell count was 745.8 ± 95% CI 695.5–796.3, absolute CD8 T cells 504.6 ± 95% CI 461.7–547.5, absolute leukocyte count 5.1 ± 95% CI 4.8–5.4, absolute lymphocyte count 1.8 ± 95% CI 1.7–1.9, and haemoglobin level 13.2 ± 95% CI 12.7–13.7. Females had significantly higher mean absolute CD4 T cell count (p = 0.008), mean absolute CD8 T cell count (p = 0.009) and significantly lower mean haemoglobin level than males (p = 0.003)</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Immunohaematological values found in this study were different from standard values for western countries. Females had significantly higher mean CD4 T cell counts and lower mean haemoglobin levels than males. This raises the issue of the appropriateness of the present reference values and guidelines for monitoring HIV/AIDS patients in Tanzania.</p

The equilibria that allow bacterial persistence in human hosts

We propose that microbes that have developed persistent relationships with human hosts have evolved cross-signalling mechanisms that permit homeostasis that conforms to Nash equilibria and, more specifically, to evolutionarily stable strategies. This implies that a group of highly diverse organisms has evolved within the changing contexts of variation in effective human population size and lifespan, shaping the equilibria achieved, and creating relationships resembling climax communities. We propose that such ecosystems contain nested communities in which equilibrium at one level contributes to homeostasis at another. The model can aid prediction of equilibrium states in the context of further change: widespread immunodeficiency, changing population densities, or extinctions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62883/1/nature06198.pd

High-dose vs. standard-dose influenza vaccine in heart failure: a prespecified analysis of the DANFLU-2 trial

Background: Influenza contributes substantially to disease burden in individuals with heart failure (HF) and is an established trigger of cardiovascular (CV) and HF events. Standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (SD-IIV) is recommended for HF, though immune responses may be attenuated. High-dose IIV (HD-IIV) was developed to enhance immunogenicity, but its effectiveness compared with SD-IIV against hospitalization for influenza and CV disease by HF status remains uncertain. Methods: This was a prespecified analysis of a pragmatic, prospective, individually randomized, open-label trial with registry-based endpoint-evaluation conducted in Denmark across the 2022/2023 to 2024/2025 influenza seasons. Citizens ≥65 years were randomized 1:1 to HD-IIV or SD-IIV. Outcomes included hospitalization for influenza-related illness, laboratory-confirmed influenza (LCI), any CV disease, cardio-respiratory disease, and HF, assessed by HF status. Effect of HD-IIV vs. SD-IIV in reducing risk of outcomes assessed was expressed as risk ratios (RR). Results: The trial randomized 332,438 participants (48.6% female, mean age 73.7±5.8 years), including 10,410 with HF at baseline (27.4% female, mean age 76.0±6.3 years). Overall, HD-IIV was associated with a statistically significant lower incidence of hospitalization for influenza-related illness, LCI, cardio-respiratory disease, CV disease, and HF compared with SD-IIV. In participants with HF, effect estimates were similar: RR for influenza-related hospitalization was 0.48 (95%CI, 0.20-1.06; pinteraction=0.64), for LCI hospitalization 0.55 (95%CI, 0.29-1.02; pinteraction=0.59), for cardio-respiratory hospitalization 0.89 (95%CI, 0.77-1.02; pinteraction=0.34), for CV hospitalization 0.86 (95%CI, 0.72-1.02; pinteraction=0.34), and for HF hospitalization 0.82 (95%CI, 0.61-1.11; pinteraction=0.83). Findings were consistent across HF subgroups by disease duration, recency of hospitalization, most recent N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and presence of device therapy. Conclusions: In this prespecified exploratory analysis of the largest individually randomized influenza vaccine trial ever conducted, HD-IIV was associated with lower rates of influenza and CV hospitalizations compared with SD-IIV, with effect estimates similar across HF status at baseline and HF subgroups