Visual Learning In The Perception Of Texture: Simple And Contingent Aftereffects Of Texture Density

Novel results elucidating the magnitude, binocularity and retinotopicity of aftereffects of visual texture density adaptation are reported as is a new contingent aftereffect of texture density which suggests that the perception of visual texture density is quite malleable. Texture aftereffects contingent upon orientation, color and temporal sequence are discussed. A fourth effect is demonstrated in which auditory contingencies are shown to produce a different kind of visual distortion. The merits and limitations of error-correction and classical conditioning theories of contingent adaptation are reviewed. It is argued that a third kind of theory which emphasizes coding efficiency and informational considerations merits close attention. It is proposed that malleability in the registration of texture information can be understood as part of the functional adaptability of perception

An update to the MITRE/WPI Space Shuttle Program GASCAN G-408

The objective of the MITRE/WPI Space Shuttle Program was to develop a set of scientific meaningful experiments that could be flown in a Get Away Special Canister. Currently, the first GASCAN is finished (G-408) and ready to be launched. The program has been so successful that the design and development of a second set of experiments was started (G-533). Both of these programs are described and summarized

Anchoring In Action: Manual Estimates Of Slant Are Powerfully Biased Toward Initial Hand Orientation And Are Correlated With Verbal Report

People verbally overestimate hill slant by approximately 15 degrees to 25 degrees, whereas manual estimates (e. g., palm board measures) are thought to be more accurate. The relative accuracy of palm boards has contributed to the widely cited theoretical claim that they tap into an accurate, but unconscious, motor representation of locomotor space. In the current work, 4 replications (total N = 204) carried out by 2 different laboratories tested an alternative anchoring hypothesis that manual action measures give low estimates because they are always initiated from horizontal. The results of all 4 replications indicate that the bias from response anchoring can entirely account for the difference between manual and verbal estimates. Moreover, consistent correlations between manual and verbal estimates given by the same observers support the conclusion that both measures are based on the same visual representation. Concepts from the study of judgment under uncertainty apply even to action measures in information rich environments

Manual Anchoring Biases In Slant Estimation Affect Matches Even For Near Surfaces

People verbally overestimate hill slant by ~15°–25°, whereas manual estimates (e.g., palm board measures) are thought to be more accurate. The relative accuracy of palm boards has contributed to the widely cited theoretical claim that they tap into an accurate, but unconscious, motor representation of locomotor space. Recently, it was shown that a bias that stems from anchoring the hand at horizontal prior to the estimate can quantitatively account for the difference between manual and verbal estimates of hill slant. The present work extends this observation to manual estimates of near-surface slant, to test whether the bias derives from manual or visual uncertainty. As with far surfaces, strong manual anchoring effects were obtained for a large range of near-surface slants, including 45°. Moreover, correlations between participants’ manual and verbal estimates further support the conclusion that both measures are based on the same visual representation

Advanced aeronatics design: Project based engineering education at WPI

One element of WPI\u27s project-based curriculum is its interdisciplinary Advanced Aeronautics Design Program. Students participating in the program are involved in the design, construction, and flight testing of non-traditional aircraft such as an ultralight solar-powered vehicle, microwave-powered long endurance aircraft, or a flying oblique wing. The WPI project philosophy and character are described and illustrated using examples from the AAD program

Security Theorems via Model Theory

A model-theoretic approach can establish security theorems for cryptographic protocols. Formulas expressing authentication and non-disclosure properties of protocols have a special form. They are quantified implications for all xs . (phi implies for some ys . psi). Models (interpretations) for these formulas are *skeletons*, partially ordered structures consisting of a number of local protocol behaviors. Realized skeletons contain enough local sessions to explain all the behavior, when combined with some possible adversary behaviors. We show two results. (1) If phi is the antecedent of a security goal, then there is a skeleton A_phi such that, for every skeleton B, phi is satisfied in B iff there is a homomorphism from A_phi to B. (2) A protocol enforces for all xs . (phi implies for some ys . psi) iff every realized homomorphic image of A_phi satisfies psi. Hence, to verify a security goal, one can use the Cryptographic Protocol Shapes Analyzer CPSA (TACAS, 2007) to identify minimal realized skeletons, or "shapes," that are homomorphic images of A_phi. If psi holds in each of these shapes, then the goal holds

Patriarchal power and punishment : the trickster figure in the short fiction of Shirley Jackson, Flannery O'Connor, and Joyce Carol Oates

This thesis is an exploration of how male trickster figures operate in the Gothic fiction of 20th century American female authors. Specifically, I look at the short stories “The Daemon Lover” by Shirley Jackson, “Good Country People” by Flannery O’Connor, and “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” by Joyce Carol Oates. In each of these stories, a male trickster figure functions as an enforcer of patriarchal standards of women’s roles by punishing those female characters who exist outside prescribed gender boundaries. By writing of the ways in which, and the reasons why, these female characters are punished by male trickster figures, these authors demonstrate the pervasive and oppressive nature of patriarchal systems in Post-World War II United States. The trickster trope is a productive lens through which to view gender politics in these stories and this reading allows for new feminist interpretations of each text

Revisiting the Spread Spectrum Sliding Correlator: Why Filtering Matters

© 2009 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2009.081388A wireless channel sounder based upon the conventional spread spectrum sliding correlator implementation uses unfiltered pseudo-random noise (PN) at both the transmitter and receiver to generate a time-dilated copy of the channel’s impulse response. However, in addition to this desired impulse response, the sliding correlator also produces a noise-like, wideband distortion signal that decreases the measurement system’s dynamic range. Careful selection of the sliding correlator’s lowpass filter can significantly reduce this distortion, but no amount of filtering will remove it completely. In contrast, using filtered PNs at both the transmitter and receiver enables one to remove this distortion in entirety and realize a measurement system whose dynamic range closely approximates the theoretical ideal for spread spectrum systems

Performance analysis of energy detection over hyper-Rayleigh fading channels

This study investigates the performance of energy detection (ED)-based spectrum sensing over two-wave with diffused power (TWDP) fading channels, which have been found to provide accurate characterisation for a variety of fading conditions. A closed-form expression for the average detection probability of ED-based spectrum sensing over TWDP fading channels is derived. This expression is then used to describe the behaviour of ED-based spectrum sensing for a variety of channels that include Rayleigh, Rician and hyper-Rayleigh fading models. Such fading scenarios present a reliable behavioural model of machine-to-machine wireless nodes operating in confined structures such as in-vehicular environments