A New Relation between post and pre-optimal measurement states

When an optimal measurement is made on a qubit and what we call an Unbiased Mixture of the resulting ensembles is taken, then the post measurement density matrix is shown to be related to the pre-measurement density matrix through a simple and linear relation. It is shown that such a relation holds only when the measurements are made in Mutually Unbiased Bases- MUB. For Spin-1/2 it is also shown explicitly that non-orthogonal measurements fail to give such a linear relation no matter how the ensembles are mixed. The result has been proved to be true for arbitrary quantum mechanical systems of finite dimensional Hilbert spaces. The result is true irrespective of whether the initial state is pure or mixed.Comment: 4 pages in REVTE

Evaluation of Economic Losses due to Coccidiosis in Poultry Industry in India

Coccidiosis is an old parasitic disease, prevalent all over the country and has a significant impact on poultry production. In this paper, economic loss to poultry industry has been estimated considering the major economic parameters. The estimation has revealed that commercial broiler industry is a major sufferer due to coccidiosis wherein 95.61 per cent of the total economic loss occurs due to the disease. The commercial layer industry shares 3.53 per cent economic loss, mainly due to cost of chemoprophylaxis and reduced egg production. A comparison across economic traits has revealed that loss is maximum due to reduced body weight gain, followed by increased FCR (23.74%) and chemoprophylaxis (2.83%) in the total loss due to coccidiosis in broiler industry of India. The overall comparison of economic traits for all the types of poultry sector it has shown that reduced body wt gain and increased FCR are the major parameters from which 68.08 per cent and 22.70 per cent annual loss has occurred in the total loss from coccidiosis in India during the year 2003-04. The total loss due to coccidiosis has been found to be of Rs 1.14 billion (approx) for the year 2003-04. The study has observed that generation of this data across different geographical regions will be helpful to conclude about the global economic loss due to coccidiosis in the poultry industry.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Thermoelectric Characterization of Nanostructures of Bismuth Prepared by Solvothermal Approach

Nanostructured thermoelectric materials being an emerging area of research bismuth (Bi) nanostructures have been developed by solvothermal approach with a change of solvent. Structural characterization revealed that nanorods and nanospheres like structures were generated in the process when the solvent used were only ethylene glycol (EG) and ethylene glycol with absolute ethanol (AE) in the ratio of 1:1 respectively. Electrical properties viz. conductivity (σ) and thermoelectric power(S) have been measured in the temperature range 300K to 400K. From the observed value of σ and S power factor P has been calculated. The property improved for nanosphere like structures. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3525

Origin of Shifts in the Surface Plasmon Resonance Frequencies for Au and Ag Nanoparticles

Origin of shifts in the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) frequency for noble metal (Au, Ag) nanoclusters are discussed in this book chapter. Spill out of electron from the Fermi surface is considered as the origin of red shift. On the other hand, both screening of electrons of the noble metal in porous media and quantum effect of screen surface electron are considered for the observed blue shift in the SPR peak position.Comment: 37 pages, 14 Figures in the submitted book chapter of The Annual Reviews in Plasmonics, edited by Professor Chris D. Geddes. Springer Scinec

Penentuan Waktu Tanam Bawang Merah(allium Ascalonicum L) Berdasarkan Neraca Air Lahan Di Kecamatan Petang, Kabupaten Badung

The timing of planting shallots (Allium ascalonicum L). Based on Soil Water Balance Land in districts Petang, order to determine the water balance Land in Districts Petang, knowing Water balance land and crop water needs shallots so that can determine the time of planting shallots right in District Petang. This study uses the average precipitation, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed and temperature. From the average data of climate is then used to calculate potential evapotranspiration (ETo) using CropWat application for windows. ETo of calculation is used to analyze the soil water balance, using the method of Thornthwaite and Mather, (1957). The results showed that potential evapotranspiration in the evening during the year amounted to 1643 mm with actual evapotranspiration (ETA) of 1591 mm. Periods of water surplus land in the evening lasted for seven months in November - in May. Water re-charging period (recharge) to the land which has been experiencing drought occurred in November, the best planting time for the shallots in Petang is December. With increasing water needs in accordance with the increasing age of the plant, which peaked in mid-stage season stage. Thus the plants can utilize the water contained in the soil for the growth of vegetative and generative growth of these plants do not require much water and harvest is expected in February

Strong tuning of Rashba spin orbit interaction in single InAs nanowires

A key concept in the emerging field of spintronics is the gate voltage or electric field control of spin precession via the effective magnetic field generated by the Rashba spin orbit interaction. Here, we demonstrate the generation and tuning of electric field induced Rashba spin orbit interaction in InAs nanowires where a strong electric field is created either by a double gate or a solid electrolyte surrounding gate. In particular, the electrolyte gating enables six-fold tuning of Rashba coefficient and nearly three orders of magnitude tuning of spin relaxation time within only 1 V of gate bias. Such a dramatic tuning of spin orbit interaction in nanowires may have implications in nanowire based spintronic devices.Comment: Nano Letters, in pres