Application of Natural Language Processing and Evidential Analysis to Web-Based Intelligence Information Acquisition

The quality of decisions made in business and government relates directly to the quality of the information used to formulate the decision. This information may be retrieved from an organization's knowledge base (Intranet) or from the World Wide Web. Intelligence services Intranet held information can be efficiently manipulated by technologies based upon either semantics such as ontologies, or statistics such as meaning-based computing. These technologies require complex processing of large amount of textual information. However, they cannot currently be effectively applied to Web-based search due to various obstacles, such as lack of semantic tagging. A new approach proposed in this paper supports Web-based search for intelligence information utilizing evidence-based natural language processing (NLP). This approach combines traditional NLP methods for filtering of Web-search results, Grounded Theory to test the completeness of the evidence, and Evidential Analysis to test the quality of gathered information. The enriched information derived from the Web-search will be transferred to the intelligence services knowledge base for handling by an effective Intranet search system thus increasing substantially the information for intelligence analysis. The paper will show that the quality of retrieved information is significantly enhanced by the discovery of previously unknown facts derived from known facts

How does the human visual system compare the speeds of spatially separated objects?

We measured psychophysical thresholds for discriminating the speeds of two arrays of moving dots. The arrays could be juxtaposed or could be spatially separated by up to 10 degrees of visual angle, eccentricity being held constant. We found that the precision of the judgments varied little with separation. Moreover, the function relating threshold to separation was similar whether the arrays moved in the same, in opposite or in orthogonal directions. And there was no significant difference in threshold whether the two stimuli were initially presented to the same cerebral hemisphere or to opposite ones. How are human observers able to compare stimuli that fall at well separated positions in the visual field? We consider two classes of explanation: (i) Observers’ judgments might be based directly on the signals of dedicated ‘comparator neurons’, i.e. neurons drawing inputs of opposite sign from local regions of the visual field. (ii) Signals about local features might be transmitted to the site of comparison by a shared ‘cerebral bus’, where the same physical substrate carries different information from moment to moment. The minimal effects of proximity and direction (which might be expected to influence local detectors of relative motion), and the combinatorial explosion in the number of comparator neurons that would be required by (i), lead us to favor models of type (ii)

The temporal-spatial continuum in the texts of marina Tsvetaeva and Zinaida Hippius

This article dwells upon the nature of the reflection of temporal-spatial purports in the poetry of two Russian female poets of the 20th century, Marina Tsvetaeva and Zinaida Hippius. Time and space as universal philosophic categories find in their texts a most original interpretation. The authors' attitude towards the time and place they were at can be assessed in various aspects and this attitude is capable of transforming both in texts from various periods and in the interpretation of readers from various epochs. The topicality of the subject is due to researchers' keenness on exploring the history of Russian culture, the life and discourse of two iconic figures in Russia's spiritual life of the 20th century, as well as one's avid involvement with issues that relate to the modern linguistic paradigm, such as language personality, the language picture of the world, the category of text. © IDOSI Publications, 2014

Parental Control in Modern Society: Priorities and Forms of Implementation

The problem of parental control as one of the basic characteristics of parent-child relationships is considered. The authors believe that the singularity of the modern era is determined by the dominance of prefigurative culture society with its characteristic fracture of patterns of behaviour established in previous generations. The results of empirical study of parental control in modern society are presented. The main spheres of its application and methods of implementation are characterized. It is shown that the priority sphere of control of today’s parents is the child’s state of health. The authors note that at the same time many parents underestimated the importance of control in the sphere of children’s interaction with the Internet and other modern means of mass communication. It is emphasized that in the present context “trust” control in these areas is tantamount to acquiescence and failure to take responsibility for the child. It is shown that in the information society one cannot apply to the former, traditional forms of parental control, which characterize the society of postfigurative culture. The obtained data indicate a lack of understanding of the parents the global changes of the whole sphere of social interaction related to the formation of fundamentally new communication culture of the modern society. The question of the elaboration of new methods of parental control that meet the requirements of the modern era is raised

The Genetic Mechanism of Resistance to Antibiotics in Bacillus pumilus 3-19 Strain

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Treatment of bacterial infections becomes increasingly complicated due to the emergence of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents. Until now, most studies on bacterial antibiotic resistance have focused mainly on clinically relevant isolates pathogenic microorganisms and lactic acid bacteria. Very limited information on the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Bacillus spp. is available. In this paper, we used Bacillus pumilus 3-19 strain, a derivative of a wild B. pumilus 7P strain that has acquired resistance to streptomycin. Comparative analysis of genomes showed that B. pumilus 3-19 became resistant to streptomycine due to a mutation in 56 codon of the rpsL gene (S12 protein of 30S ribosomal subunit) that resulted in the replacement of lysine with asparagine in the binding site of streptomycin. Bioinformatic analysis of rpoB gene (β-subunit of RNA polymerase) showed that there is also a point mutation in 185 codon, which can lead to rifampicin resistance. Nevertheless, B. pumilus 3-19 strain remained sensitive to rifampicin in disc diffusion assay

The kinetics parametrs of solid fuel pyrolisys

The paper presents the characteristics of solid fuels such as peat, brown coal, Kuznetsk coal and anthracite, Physical-mathematical models of the fuel conversion process are described. The kinetic parameters of the conversion of the yield of volatile 4 types of fuels with nonisothermal heating in air are calculated from two physico-mathematical modelsВ работе приведены характеристики твердых топлив таких как: торф, бурый уголь, кузнецкий уголь и антрацит, Описаны физико-математические модели процесса конверсии топлива. Рассчитаны кинетические параметры конверсии выхода летучих 4 видов топлив при неизотермическом разогреве в воздушной среде по двум физико-математическим моделям

Influence of hadronic interaction models and the cosmic ray spectrum on the high energy atmospheric muon and neutrino flux

The recent observations of muon charge ratio up to about 10 TeV and of atmospheric neutrinos up to energies of about 400 TeV has triggered a renewed interest into the high-energy interaction models and cosmic ray primary composition. A reviewed calculation of lepton spectra produced in cosmic-ray induced extensive air showers is carried out with a primary cosmic-ray spectrum that fits the latest direct measurements below the knee. In order to achieve this, we used a full Monte Carlo method to derive the inclusive differential spectra (yields) of muons, muon neutrinos and electron neutrinos at the surface for energies between 80 GeV and hundreds of PeV. The air shower simulator {\sc corsika} 6.990 was used for showering and propagation of the secondary particles through the atmosphere, employing the established high-energy hadronic interaction models {\sc sibyll} 2.1, {\sc qgsjet-01} and {\sc qgsjet-ii 03}. We show that the performance of the interaction models allows makes it possible to predict the spectra within experimental uncertainties, while {\sc sibyll} generally yields a higher flux at the surface than the qgsjet models. The calculation of the flavor and charge ratios has lead to inconsistent results, mainly influenced by the different representations of the K/$\pi$ ratio within the models. Furthermore, we could quantify systematic uncertainties of atmospheric muon- and neutrino fluxes, associated to the models of the primary cosmic-ray spectrum and the interaction models. For most recent parametrizations of the cosmic-ray primary spectrum, atmospheric muons can be determined with an uncertainty smaller than $^{+15}_{-13}$% of the average flux. Uncertainties of the muon- and electron neutrino fluxes can be calculated within an average error of $^{+32}_{-22}$% and $^{+25}_{-19}$%, respectively.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, version 2 includes analytic approximatio