Study of optimal training protocols and devices for developing and maintaining physical fitness in females prior to and during space flight

Pedalling a bicycle at least ten minutes a day at 85% of maximum pulse rate, three days a week for ten weeks will produce moderate increases in overall strength and physical work capacity in college-age females. The longer the training session, up to thirty minutes per session, the greater are the increases in physical work capacity that result when college-age females are trained three days a week for ten weeks at 85% of their maximum heart rate

Isokinetic exercise: A review of the literature

Isokinetic muscle training has all the advantages of isometrics and isotonics while minimizing their deficiencies. By holding the speed of movement constant throughout the full range of motion, isokinetic training devices respond with increased resistance rather than acceleration when the power output of the muscle is increased. Isokinetic training is superior to isometric and isotonic training with respect to increases in strength, specificity of training, desirable changes in motor performance tasks, lack of muscle soreness, and decreases in relative body fat

Evaluation of Age, Growth and Diet of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in Cheat Lake, West Virginia

This thesis describes population characteristics of Channel Catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus) in Cheat Lake, West Virginia in two chapters. The first chapter is comprised of a literature review on the ecology, diet and growth of Channel Catfish, as well as the influence of water level fluctuations on biota. The second chapter examines the age, growth and fall diet of Channel Catfish in Cheat Lake, West Virginia. Acidification has historically impaired Cheat Lake\u27s fish community, but recent mitigation efforts within the Cheat River watershed have improved water quality and species richness. Presently, Channel Catfish are abundant and attain desirable sizes for anglers. I evaluated the age, growth and fall diet of the population. A sample of 155 Channel Catfish was collected from Cheat Lake from 5 August to 4 December 2014, a subsample of which was aged (n = 148) using lapillus otoliths. Four growth models (von Bertalanffy, logistic, Gompertz and power) were fit to length at age data and compared using an information theoretic approach. Fall diets were collected from 55 fish sampled from 13 October to 4 December 2014. Total lengths of individuals in the sample ranged from 154--721 mm and ages ranged from 2--19 years. The von Bertalanffy growth model was AICc -selected as the best approximating model, and the power and Gompertz models also had considerable support. Diets were numerically dominated by Diptera larvae, specifically Chironomidae and Chaoboridae, while 39% of stomachs contained terrestrial prey items. This study provides baseline data for management of Cheat Lake\u27s Channel Catfish population. Further, this study fills a knowledge gap in the scientific literature on Channel Catfish, as few studies have examined the population ecology of Channel Catfish in the Central Appalachian region

Recollections of a Pioneer Railroad Builder

"The construction of the Spokane International may complete my work in this connection and it may not.

Examining the Potential for Population Growth and an Economic Boom in Elk Creek, Nebraska as a Result of Mining

Many communities throughout the world that rely on resource extraction experience a population boom. This boom can be difficult accommodate due to the fact that many of these communities are small and do not have the housing to deal with the population increase. Elk Creek, Nebraska, a small community in southeast Nebraska, is on the brink of experiencing a possible boom situation. A company called NioCorp has discovered a mineralization at a site near the community and plans to mine niobium, titanium, and scandium from it. They believe this will add 1,200 temporary jobs for construction and 300 to 400 permanent jobs to the area. The purpose of this study is to determine possible solutions for Elk Creek in different scenarios of population increase based upon the experiences of other boom communities. The findings reveal that temporary housing will be needed for the construction workers, while permanent housing will be needed for the permanent mine employees. The study finds that it would benefit Elk Creek to work on integrating the people into the community and implementing more permanent housing in the event that more people move to the community. This would allow them to integrate faster and build up industries that are not dependent on the mine in the case of a boom. Smaller population increases allow for slower integration and slower construction of permanent housing. Ultimately planning and regional cooperation is needed in Elk Creek and other nearby communities prior to the population increase in order to ensure the communities do not suffer negatively because of it. Advisor: Rodrigo Cantarer

OGO-6 gas-surface energy transfer experiment

The kinetic energy flux of the upper atmosphere was analyzed using OGO-6 data. Energy transfer between 10 microwatts/sq cm and 0.1 W/sq cm was measured by short-term frequency changes of temperature-sensitive quartz crystals used in the energy transfer probe. The condition of the surfaces was continuously monitored by a quartz crystal microbalance to determine the effect surface contamination had on energy accommodation. Results are given on the computer analysis and laboratory tests performed to optimize the operation of the energy transfer probe. Data are also given on the bombardment of OGO-6 surfaces by high energy particles. The thermoelectrically-cooled quartz crystal microbalance is described in terms of its development and applications

Salmon and the Endangered Species Act: Lessons from the Columbia Basin

Within the last decade, the Columbia Basin, once home to the world\u27s largest salmon runs, has witnessed numerous listings of its signature natural resource under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). These listings have propelled the ESA into the forefront of land and water use decisionmaking across a vast landscape of the Pacific Northwest This Article examines the Columbia Basin salmon listings and their aftermath. Specifically, it considers the effect of the ESA\u27s consultation requirements on hydroelectric, hatchery, harvest, and habitat decisionmaking. The Article draws several lessons from this examination, many of them surprising, including the assertion that the listings have produced many innovations in the implementation of the statute but few improvements in the condition of listed Columbia Basin salmon, due to the persistent sensitivity of consultation process to economic concerns. The Article concludes that this reluctance to disturb ongoing activities damaging salmon does not bode well for the continued existence of the most imperiled of the species, the Snake River runs

Designing zeolite catalysts for shape-selective reactions: Chemical modification of surfaces for improved selectivity to dimethylamine in synthesis from methanol and ammonia

The relative contributions of external and intracrystalline acidic sites of small pore H-RHO zeolite for the selective synthesis of methylamines from methanol and ammonia have been studied. Nonselective surface reactions which produce predominantly trimethylamine can be eliminated by “capping” the external acidic sites with trimethylphosphite (TMP) and other reagents, thus improving the selectivity toward the formation of dimethylamine. For small pore zeolites, neither the zeolite pore size nor the internal acidic sites is significantly affected by this treatment. In situ infrared and MAS-NMR studies show that TMP reacts irreversibly with the zeolite acidic sites via a modified Arbusov rearrangement to form surface-bound dimethylmethylphosphonate