Manejo a largo plazo del paciente atópico

Se describen varios aspectos del manejo de la dermatitis atópica canina: tratamiento de las dermatosis relacionadas o secundarias, tratamiento específico y tratamiento sintomático. Así se describe la terapia frente a las infecciones, el tratamiento de las DAPP, reacción alimentaria, queratoseborrea, otitis externa y dermatitis piotraumática. El tratamiento específico incluye la eliminación de alergenos y la inmunoterapia. En el tratamiento sintomático se pueden usar glucocorticoides, sustancias no esteroides de uso tópico, antihistamínicos, ácidos grasos esenciales y varios antiinflamatorios no esteroideos sistémicos, uno de los cuales es la ciclosporina. La clave del éxito en cada caso es una terapia combinada.

Dermatitis atópica canina : nuevos conceptos

La dermatitis atópica canina es una enfermedad inflamatoria y pruginosa de la piel con predisposición genéica y características clínicas determinadas. La mayoría de las veces está asociada a la producción de IgE frente a alérgenos mediambientales. Se describen los factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos que contribuyen a su desarrollo, así como los fenómenos de umbra y de suma de efectos. Se presenta el cuadro clínico y diagnóstico de la enfermedad.

El arte de los champús en dermatología canina y felina : estrategias de tratamiento y prevención

Este artículo revisa la tecnología actual relacionada con los champúes veterinarios utilizados para perros y gatos. Se exponen los criterios utilizados para evaluar su eficacia. Se revisan las indicaciones de uso de los champús en desórdenes queratoseborreicos, enfermedades parasitarias, enfermedades desórdenes queratoseborreicos, enfermedades alérgicas. En los desórdenes querato seborreicos, enfermedades paasitarias, enfermedades bacterianas, enfermedades fúngicas y enfermedades alérgicas. En los desórdenes queratoseborreicos, enfermedades parastarias, enfermedades alérgicas. En los desórdenes queratoseborreicos se utilizan agentes queratomodulares y antiseborreicos. En dermatología veterinaria no se usan frecuentemente antiparasitos y se discuten sus indicaciones y limitaciones.

El empleo de la rifampicina en el tratamiento de las piodermas profundas crónicas del perro : revisión bibliográfica y presentación de trece casos clínicos

Las piodermas profundas crónicas son entidades clínicas difíciles de curar debido a la escasa capacidad de los antibióticos para llegar con suficiente concentración a esas lesiones. La rifampicina es un antibacteriana sistémico de excelente penetración en los tejidos, especialmente en aquéllos que están fibrosados. Después de una revisión bibliográfica de las piodermas y de este antibiótico, los autores realizan dos estudios: uno retrospectivo (ocho casos) y otro prospectivo (cinco casos) que demuestran el interés del empleo de la rifampicina en el tratamiento de este tipo de infecciones cutáneas.Chronic deep pyoderma is difficult to treat owing to the limited capacity of antibiotics to adequately penetrate the lesions. Rifampicin is a systemic antibacterial agent with excellent penetra tian capability, especially in fibrous issues. A review of the literature on pyoderma and rifampicin is presented. Two studies of the efficacy of rifampicin are described, a retrospective study (eight cases) and a prospective study (five cases), which demonstrate the value of rifampicín in the treatment of chronic deep skin infections

Las dermatosis anales y perianales del perro

Después de un recuerdo de la anatomía del ano y de la zona perianal, los autores describen sus principales afecciones dermatológicas, ya sean exclusivas como en el cuadro de dermatosis más generalizadas. Igualmente proponen para cada caso una aproximación diagnóstica y las posibilidades terapéuticas.After a reminder of the anatomy of the anus and the perianal region, the authors describe the principle dermatological diseases of the anus, be the restricted to the anus or symptoms of more wide-spread dermatoses. They outline the diagnostic procedure to be followed and the therapeutical possibilities in each case

Apodized pupil Lyot coronagraphs for arbitrary apertures. V. Hybrid Shaped Pupil designs for imaging Earth-like planets with future space observatories

We introduce a new class of solutions for Apodized Pupil Lyot Coronagraphs (APLC) with segmented aperture telescopes to remove broadband diffracted light from a star with a contrast level of $10^{10}$. These new coronagraphs provide a key advance to enabling direct imaging and spectroscopy of Earth twins with future large space missions. Building on shaped pupil (SP) apodization optimizations, our approach enables two-dimensional optimizations of the system to address any aperture features such as central obstruction, support structures or segment gaps. We illustrate the technique with a design that could reach $10^{10}$ contrast level at 34\,mas for a 12\,m segmented telescope over a 10\% bandpass centered at a wavelength $\lambda_0=$500\,nm. These designs can be optimized specifically for the presence of a resolved star, and in our example, for stellar angular size up to 1.1\,mas. This would allow probing the vicinity of Sun-like stars located beyond 4.4\,pc, therefore fully retiring this concern. If the fraction of stars with Earth-like planets is \eta_{\Earth}=0.1, with 18\% throughput, assuming a perfect, stable wavefront and considering photon noise only, 12.5 exo-Earth candidates could be detected around nearby stars with this design and a 12\,m space telescope during a five-year mission with two years dedicated to exo-Earth detection (one total year of exposure time and another year of overheads). Our new hybrid APLC/SP solutions represent the first numerical solution of a coronagraph based on existing mask technologies and compatible with segmented apertures, and that can provide contrast compatible with detecting and studying Earth-like planets around nearby stars. They represent an important step forward towards enabling these science goals with future large space missions.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, ApJ accepted on 01/04/201

High-contrast imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT): 1. Testbed design

Searching for nearby habitable worlds with direct imaging and spectroscopy will require a telescope large enough to provide angular resolution and sensitivity to planets around a significant sample of stars. Segmented telescopes are a compelling option to obtain such large apertures. However, these telescope designs have a complex geometry (central obstruction, support structures, segmentation) that makes high-contrast imaging more challenging. We are developing a new high-contrast imaging testbed at STScI to provide an integrated solution for wavefront control and starlight suppression on complex aperture geometries. We present our approach for the testbed optical design, which defines the surface requirements for each mirror to minimize the amplitude-induced errors from the propagation of out-of-pupil surfaces. Our approach guarantees that the testbed will not be limited by these Fresnel propagation effects, but only by the aperture geometry. This approach involves iterations between classical ray-tracing optical design optimization, and end-to-end Fresnel propagation with wavefront control (e.g. Electric Field Conjugation / Stroke Minimization). The construction of the testbed is planned to start in late Fall 2013.Comment: Proc. of the SPIE 8864, 10 pages, 3 figures, Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets V

Use of bremsstrahlung radiation to identify hidden weak beta- sources: feasibility and possible use in radio-guided surgery

The recent interest in beta- radionuclides for radio-guided surgery derives from the feature of the beta radiation to release energy in few millimeters of tissue. Such feature can be used to locate residual tumors with a probe located in its immediate vicinity, determining the resection margins with an accuracy of millimeters. The drawback of this technique is that it does not allow to identify tumors hidden in more than few mm of tissue. Conversely, the bremsstrahlung X-rays emitted by the interaction of the beta- radiation with the nuclei of the tissue are relatively penetrating. To complement the beta- probes, we have therefore developed a detector based on cadmium telluride, an X-ray detector with a high quantum efficiency working at room temperature. We measured the secondary emission of bremsstrahlung photons in a target of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with a density similar to living tissue. The results show that this device allows to detect a 1 ml residual or lymph-node with an activity of 1 kBq hidden under a layer of 10 mm of PMMA with a 3:1 signal to noise, i.e. with a five sigma discrimination in less than 5 s

Assessment of the interplay between blood and skin vascular abnormalities in adult purpura fulminans

RATIONALE: Purpura fulminans in adults is a rare but devastating disease. Its pathophysiology is not well known. OBJECTIVES: To understand the pathophysiology of skin lesions in purpura fulminans, the interplay between circulating blood and vascular alterations was assessed. METHODS: Prospective multicenter study in four intensive care units. Patients with severe sepsis without skin lesions were recruited as control subjects. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty patients with severe sepsis and purpura fulminans were recruited for blood sampling, and skin biopsy was performed in deceased patients. High severity of disease and mortality rates (80%) was observed. Skin biopsies in purpura fulminans lesions revealed thrombosis and extensive vascular damage: vascular congestion and dilation, endothelial necrosis, alteration of markers of endothelial integrity (CD31) and of the protein C pathway receptors (endothelial protein C receptor, thrombomodulin). Elevated plasminogen activating inhibitor-1 mRNA was also observed. Comparison with control patients showed that these lesions were specific to purpura fulminans. By contrast, no difference was observed for blood hemostasis parameters, including soluble thrombomodulin, activated protein C, and disseminated intravascular coagulation markers. Bacterial presence at the vascular wall was observed specifically in areas of vascular damage in eight of nine patients tested (including patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection). CONCLUSIONS: Thrombi and extensive vascular damage with multifaceted prothrombotic local imbalance are characteristics of purpura fulminans. A "vascular wall infection" hypothesis, responsible for endothelial damage and subsequent skin lesions, can be put forward