Investigation of Cold Stress Induced Disease Resistance (SIDR) in Grapevines and Arabidopsis

The focus of this thesis project was to investigate the impact of cold temperature conditions on the resistance of Vitis vinifera (grapevines) to powdery mildew, a phenomenon known as cold stress-induced disease resistance (SIDR). The model organism Arabidopsis thaliana was used to determine specific defense mechanisms of plant-pathogen resistance. An RNA-Seq time course experiment was performed for the two organisms: V. vinifera and A. thaliana. The time-series datasets consisted of data points where samples were exposed to an acute (less than 4 hours) cold (below 8°C) temperature for set times prior to inoculation with powdery mildew. The acute cold time points used ranged from 48 hours, 36 hours, 24 hours, and 12 hours prior to inoculation. An untreated control group, which was not exposed to any acute cold treatment, was used to compare between the treatments. The significant, differentially expressed genes were evaluated and mapped to the pathways of the respective organisms. The outcome of this project was the identification of pathways, as well as potential genes of interest, involved with cold stress-induced disease resistance. There has been limited research on genetic mechanisms of cold stress induced disease resistance. This project provides an improved understanding of the interactions between host stress and the epidemiology of the biotrophic pathogen powdery mildew

Markov Chain Theory with Applications to Baseball

The applications of Markov chains span a wide range of fields to which models have been designed and implemented to simulate random processes. Markov chains are stochastic processes that are characterized by their memoryless property, where the probability of the process being in the next state of the system depends only on the current state and not on any of the previous states. This property is known as the Markov property. This thesis paper will first introduce the theory of Markov chains, along with explaining two types of Markov chains that will be beneficial in creating a model for analyzing baseball as a Markov chain. The final chapter describes this Markov chain model for baseball, which we will use to calculate the expected number of runs scored for the 2013 College of Wooster baseball team. This paper finishes by displaying an analysis of sacrifice bunt and stolen base strategies through using the Markov chain model

Reflections on Reflections: Training in Counseling Psychology

The Major Contribution in the September issue of The Counseling Psychologist provides several points to consider as the field defines the profession and training models for the 21st century. Calls for returning, in part, to our roots in career and vocational issues as well as our presence in the schools and recommendations for increased focus on children and adolescents should enable the retention of, and perhaps the increase in, our relevance in colleges of education. This reaction adds to this list a continued focus on personal adjustment and crucial attention to marriage and family issues, areas that can augment our institutional fit. Interpretations of survey data on outcomes of training models and racial-ethnic representation in our programs are offered. Little evidence exists to indicate advantages in moving counseling psychology away from its exclusive adherence to a scientist-professional training model. Our contributions to broad educational goals can positively impact our movement toward diverse and representative program faculty.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Sweetest Little Rose in Tennessee

Sheet music contains anti-Black, racist language, stereotypes, and/or imagry. Contains advertisements and/or short musical examples of pieces being sold by publisher.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/6842/thumbnail.jp

Quantum measurements and delays in scattering by zero-range potentials

Eisenbud-Wigner-Smith delay and the Larmor time give different estimates for the duration of a quantum scattering event. The difference is most pronounced in the case where de-Broglie wavelength is large compared to the size of the scatterer. We use the methods of quantum measurement theory to analyse both approaches, and to decide which one of them, if any, describes the duration a particle spends in the region which contains the scattering potential. The cases of transmission, reflection and three-dimensional elastic scattering are discussed in some detail

Leaky salt: Pipe trails record the history of cross‐evaporite fluid escape in the northern Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean

Despite salt being regarded as an extremely efficient, low‐permeability hydraulic seal, an increasing number of cross‐evaporite fluid escape features have been documented in salt‐bearing sedimentary basins. Because of this, it is clear that our understanding of how thick salt deposits impact fluid flow in sedimentary basins is incomplete. We here examine the causes and evolution of cross‐evaporite fluid escape in the northern Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean. High‐quality 3D seismic data offshore Lebanon image hundreds of supra‐salt fluid escape pipes distributed widely along the margin. The pipes consistently originate at the crest of prominent sub‐salt anticlines, where overlying salt is relatively thin. The fact the pipes crosscut the salt suggests that hydrofracturing occurred, permitting focused fluid flow. Sequential pipes from unique emission points are organized along trails that are several kilometres long, and which are progressively deformed due to basinward gravity gliding of salt and its overburden. Correlation of pipes in 12 trails suggests margin‐wide fluid escape started in the Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene, coincident with a major phase of uplift of the Levant margin. We interpret that the consequent transfer of overpressure from the central basin area, in addition to gas exsolution from hydrocarbons already trapped in sub‐salt anticlines, triggered seal failure and cross‐evaporite fluid flow. We infer that other causes of fluid escape in the Eastern Mediterranean, such as subsurface pressure changes driven by sea‐level variations and salt deposition associated with the Messinian Salinity Crisis, played only a minor role in triggering cross‐evaporite fluid flow in the northern Levant Basin. Further phases of fluid escape are unique to each anticline and cannot be easily correlated across the margin. Therefore, despite a common initial cause, long‐term fluid escape proceeded according to structure‐specific characteristics, such as local dynamics of fluid migration and anticline geometry. Our work shows that the mechanisms triggering cross‐evaporite fluid flow in salt basins vary in time and space

Ion cyclotron wall conditioning experiments on Tore Supra in presence of the toroidal magnetic field

Wall conditioning techniques applicable in the presence of the high toroidal magnetic field will be required for the operation of ITER for tritium removal, isotopic ratio control and recovery to normal operation after disruptions. Recently ion cyclotron wall conditioning (ICWC) experiments have been carried out on Tore Supra in order to assess the efficiency of this technique in ITER relevant conditions. The ICRF discharges were operated in He/H-2 Mixtures at the Tore Supra nominal field (3.8 T) and a RF frequency of 48 MHz, i.e. within the ITER operational space. RF pulses of 60 s (max.) were applied using a standard Tore Supra two-strap resonant double loop antenna in ICWC mode, operated either in pi or 0-phasing with a noticeable improvement of the RF coupling in the latter case. In order to assess the efficiency of the technique for the control of isotopic ratio the wall was first preloaded using a D-2 glow discharge. After 15 minutes of ICWC in He/H-2 gas mixtures the isotopic ratio was altered from 4% to 50% at the price of an important H implantation into the walls. An overall analysis comparing plasma production and the conditioning efficiency as a function of discharge parameters is given

Relative frequencies of constrained events in stochastic processes: An analytical approach

The stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) and the corresponding Monte Carlo (MC) method are among the most common approaches for studying stochastic processes. They relies on knowledge of interevent probability density functions (PDFs) and on information about dependencies between all possible events. Analytical representations of a PDF are difficult to specify in advance, in many real life applications. Knowing the shapes of PDFs, and using experimental data, different optimization schemes can be applied in order to evaluate probability density functions and, therefore, the properties of the studied system. Such methods, however, are computationally demanding, and often not feasible. We show that, in the case where experimentally accessed properties are directly related to the frequencies of events involved, it may be possible to replace the heavy Monte Carlo core of optimization schemes with an analytical solution. Such a replacement not only provides a more accurate estimation of the properties of the process, but also reduces the simulation time by a factor of order of the sample size (at least ≈104). The proposed analytical approach is valid for any choice of PDF. The accuracy, computational efficiency, and advantages of the method over MC procedures are demonstrated in the exactly solvable case and in the evaluation of branching fractions in controlled radical polymerization (CRP) of acrylic monomers. This polymerization can be modeled by a constrained stochastic process. Constrained systems are quite common, and this makes the method useful for various applications