41 research outputs found

    Ultrasonic characterization of the pulmonary venous wall: echographic and histological correlation

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    Background: Pulmonary vein isolation with radiofrequency catheter ablation techniques is used to prevent recurrences of human atrial fibrillation. Visualization of the architecture at the venoatrial junction could be crucial for these ablative techniques. Our study assesses the potential for intravascular ultrasound to provide this information. Methods and Results: We retrieved 32 pulmonary veins from 8 patients dying from noncardiac causes. We obtained cross-sectional intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images with a 3.2F, 30-MHz ultrasound catheter at intervals on each vein. Histological cross-sections at the intervals allowed comparisons with ultrasonic images. The pulmonary venous wall at the venoatrial junction revealed a 3-layered ultrasonic pattern. The inner echogenic layer represents both endothelium and connective tissue of the media (mean maximal thickness, 1.4±0.3 mm). The middle hypoechogenic stratum corresponds to the sleeves of left atrial myocardium surrounding the external aspect of the venous media. This layer was thickest at the venoatrial junction (mean maximal thickness, 2.6±0.8 mm) and decreased toward the lung hilum. The outer echodense layer corresponds to fibro-fatty adventitial tissue (mean maximal thickness, 2.15±0.36 mm). We found a close agreement among the IVUS and histological measurements for maximal luminal diameter (mean difference, -0.12±1.3 mm) and maximal muscular thickness (mean difference, 0.17±0.13 mm) using the Bland and Altman method. Conclusions: Our experimental study demonstrates for the first time that IVUS images of the pulmonary veins can provide information on the distal limits and thickness of the myocardial sleeves and can be a valuable tool to help accurate targeting during ablative procedures

    Providing Personalized Guidance in Arithmetic Problem Solving

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    Supervising a student's resolution of an arithmetic word problem is a cumbersome task. Di erent students may use di erent lines of reasoning to reach the nal solution, and the assistance provided should be consistent with the resolution path that the student has in mind. In addition, further learning gains can be achieved if the previous student's background is also considered in the process. In this paper, we outline a relatively simple method to adapt the hints given by an Intelligent Tutoring System to the line of reasoning that the student is currently following. We also outline possible extensions to build a model of the student's most relevant skills, by tracking user's actions

    Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

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    Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

    37th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (part 3 of 3)

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    P6 213. Resultados de la cirugía en pacientes con cardiopatía congénita en la edad adulta durante los últimos 5 años

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    Un 85% de los recién nacidos con una cardiopatía congénita alcanzarán la edad adulta. El número de enfermos que requerirán una cirugía cardíaca está aumentando, muchos de ellos tras varias cirugías, lo que supone una nueva subespecialidad.ObjetivosAnálisis de los enfermos adultos con cardiopatía congénita intervenidos en los últimos 5 años en una unidad de cardiopatías congénitas.Material y métodosEstudio retrospectivo observacional, desde enero de 2007 – enero de 2012 en 228 enfermos intervenidos consecutivamente.ResultadosSe intervinieron un 63,6% varones y 36,4% mujeres. Edad media: 24,38±7,70 (14–50) años. Tiempo medio transcurrido desde la última cirugía realizada: 163,72±89,66 (5–396) meses. La cardiopatía de base (según guías clínicas): leve (20,6%), moderada (48,2%), grave (31,1%). Procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados: implantación o revisión de marcapasos o desfibrilador y/o resincronizador (43,9%), procedimientos sobre válvulas (40,4%), otros procedimientos mayores (13,6%) y menores (2,2%), con unos índices: Rach-2 1,71±0,83 (1–4) y un European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) 6,02±3,04 (3–14,5). Previamente, habían tenido una media de 2,08±1,40 (0–9) intervenciones. Mortalidad hospitalaria: 4,8%. Seguimiento en el 100% de la muestra, presentando una mortalidad del 2,5%. Clase funcional según la clasificación de la New York Heart Association (NYHA): I (86,4%), II (6,1%) y III (0,9%).ConclusionesLos pacientes adultos intervenidos portadores de cardiopatías congénitas complejas aumentan progresivamente. La mayoría han sido sometidos a múltiples intervenciones y su cirugía presenta una alta complejidad, por lo que consideramos que son sugestivos de un tratamiento por equipos con amplia experiencia en cardiopatías congénitas
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