Efficient estimation of AUC in a sliding window

In many applications, monitoring area under the ROC curve (AUC) in a sliding window over a data stream is a natural way of detecting changes in the system. The drawback is that computing AUC in a sliding window is expensive, especially if the window size is large and the data flow is significant. In this paper we propose a scheme for maintaining an approximate AUC in a sliding window of length $k$. More specifically, we propose an algorithm that, given $\epsilon$, estimates AUC within $\epsilon / 2$, and can maintain this estimate in $O((\log k) / \epsilon)$ time, per update, as the window slides. This provides a speed-up over the exact computation of AUC, which requires $O(k)$ time, per update. The speed-up becomes more significant as the size of the window increases. Our estimate is based on grouping the data points together, and using these groups to calculate AUC. The grouping is designed carefully such that ($i$) the groups are small enough, so that the error stays small, ($ii$) the number of groups is small, so that enumerating them is not expensive, and ($iii$) the definition is flexible enough so that we can maintain the groups efficiently. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that the average approximation error in practice is much smaller than the approximation guarantee $\epsilon / 2$, and that we can achieve significant speed-ups with only a modest sacrifice in accuracy

The Impact of Intelligent Aiding for Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Schedule Management

There is increasing interest in designing systems such that the current many-to-one ratio of operators to unmanned vehicles (UVs) can be inverted. Instead of lower-level tasks performed by today’s UV teams, the sole operator would focus on high-level supervisory control tasks. A key challenge in the design of such single-operator systems will be the need to minimize periods of excessive workload that arise when critical tasks for several UVs occur simultaneously. Thus some kind of decision support is needed that facilitates an operator’s ability to evaluate different action alternatives for managing a multiple UV mission schedule in real-time. This paper describes two decision support experiments that attempted to provide UAV operators with multivariate scheduling assistance, with mixed results. Those automated decision support tools that provided more local, as opposed to global, visual recommendations produced superior performance, suggesting that meta-information displays could saturate operators and reduce performance.This research was sponsored by Boeing Phantom Work and Mitre, Inc

Modified Cooper Harper scales for assessing unmanned vehicle displays

Unmanned vehicle (UV) displays are often the only information link between operators and vehicles, so their design is critical to mission success. However, there is currently no standardized methodology for operators to subjectively assess a display's support of mission tasks. This paper proposes a subjective UV display evaluation tool: the Modified Cooper-Harper for Unmanned Vehicle Displays (MCH-UVD). The MCH-UVD is adapted from the Cooper-Harper aircraft handling scale by shifting focus to support of operator information processing. An experiment was conducted to evaluate and refine the MCH-UVD, as well as assess the need for mission-specific versus general versions. Participants (86%) thought that MCH-UVD helped them identify display deficiencies, and 32% said that they could not have identified the deficiencies without the tool. No major additional benefits were observed with mission-specific versions over the general scale.U.S. Army Aberdeen Test Cente

Quantum Principal Bundles and Corresponding Gauge Theories

A generalization of classical gauge theory is presented, in the framework of a noncommutative-geometric formalism of quantum principal bundles over smooth manifolds. Quantum counterparts of classical gauge bundles, and classical gauge transformations, are introduced and investigated. A natural differential calculus on quantum gauge bundles is constructed and analyzed. Kinematical and dynamical properties of corresponding gauge theories are discussed.Comment: 28 pages, AMS-LaTe

ATHENA: A Phase 3, Open-Label Study Of The Safety And Effectiveness Of Oliceridine (TRV130), A G-Protein Selective Agonist At The µ-Opioid Receptor, In Patients With Moderate To Severe Acute Pain Requiring Parenteral Opioid Therapy.

Background:Pain management with conventional opioids can be challenging due to dose-limiting adverse events (AEs), some of which may be related to the simultaneous activation of β-arrestin (a signaling pathway associated with opioid-related AEs) and G-protein pathways. The investigational analgesic oliceridine is a G-protein-selective agonist at the µ-opioid receptor with less recruitment of β-arrestin. The objective of this phase 3, open-label, multi-center study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability, of IV oliceridine for moderate to severe acute pain in a broad, real-world patient population, including postoperative surgical patients and non-surgical patients with painful medical conditions. Methods:Adult patients with a score ≥4 on 11-point NRS for pain intensity received IV oliceridine either by bolus or PCA; multimodal analgesia was permitted. Safety was assessed using AE reports, study discontinuations, clinical laboratory and vital sign measures. Results:A total of 768 patients received oliceridine. The mean age (SD) was 54.1 (16.1) years, with 32% ≥65 years of age. Most patients were female (65%) and Caucasian (78%). Surgical patients comprised the majority of the study population (94%), most common being orthopedic (30%), colorectal (15%) or gynecologic (15%) procedures. Multimodal analgesia was administered to 84% of patients. Oliceridine provided a rapid reduction in NRS pain score by 2.2 ± 2.3 at 30 mins from a score of 6.3 ± 2.1 (at baseline) which was maintained to the end of treatment. No deaths or significant cardiorespiratory events were reported. The incidence of AEs leading to early discontinuation and serious AEs were 2% and 3%, respectively. Nausea (31%), constipation (11%), and vomiting (10%) were the most common AEs. AEs were mostly of mild (37%) or moderate (25%) severity and considered possibly or probably related to oliceridine in 33% of patients. Conclusion:Oliceridine IV for the management of moderate to severe acute pain was generally safe and well tolerated in the patients studied. ClinicalTrialsgov identifier:NCT02656875

Characterization of actinomycetes antagonistic to Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi, the causal agent of raspberry root rot

Onze souches d'actinomycetes ayant la capacité de protéger les plants de framboisiers (Rubus strigosus) contre les infections causées par les Phytophthora ont été caractérisées. Il a été montré que toutes les souches appartenaient au genre Streptomyces. Deux souches (EF-34 et EF-76) croissaient à 4, 15 et 30°C sur un milieu V8 agar dont le pH avait été ajusté entre 5 et 9. Sept souches dont EF-34 et EF-76 pouvaient hydrolyser les parois cellulaires de Phytophthora et inhiber la croissance du champignon à 15°C et à des pH variant entre 5 et 9. Toutes les souches inhibaient la croissance du P. fragariae var. rubi et du Pythium ultimum. La croissance d'autres espèces fongiques et de bactéries à Gram négatif n'était inhibée qu'en présence de trois souches (EF-14, EF-72 et EF-76). Les onze actinomycetes antagonistes ont été classés en quatre groupes selon leur résistance à divers pesticides utilisés pour protéger les cultures de framboisiers. La souche EF-76 a été caractérisée plus en détail. Cette souche a été identifiée comme étant le Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. geldanus, et produisait l'antibiotique geldanamycine.Eleven actinomycete strains that were previously shown to protect raspberry (Rubus strigosus) plants against Phytophthora infection were characterized. all were shown to belong to the genus Streptomyces. Two strains (EF-34 and EF-76) grew at 4, 15 and 30°C on V8 agar between pHs 5 to 9. Seven strains including EF-34 and EF-76 had both the ability to hydrolyze Phytophthora cell walls and to inhibit Phytophthora growth at 15°C between pHs 5 to 9. all actinomycetes inhibited the growth of P. fragariaevar. rubi and of Pythium ultimum. The growth of other fungal species and of Gram-negative bacteria was inhibited only in the presence of three strains (EF-14, EF-72, and EF-76). The eleven antagonistic actinomycetes were classified into four groups with regard to their resistance to various pesticides used to protect raspberry crops. Strain EF-76 was further characterized. This strain was identified as Streptomyceshygroscopicus var. geldanus, and it was shown to produce geldanamycin, a known antibiotic

The question of EU legitimacy in the Social OMC peer review process

This paper examines the structural kand relational factors that affect perceptions of legitimacy in the EU's Social Open Method of Coordination, particularly in its peer review process. Using multi-level governance as its analytical framework, the paper uses network analysis to examine the actor networks and relations within the peer review process over time, and links this with different conceptions of input and throughput legitimacy, and the findings show that the peer reviews do not significantly feed into either input or throughput legitimacy. While input legitimacy is improved somewhat by the inclusion of additional actors in the policy process, these actors do not have a clear role to play and the peer reviews remain driven by traditional actors. In terms of throughput, the process does positively address issues of transparency, procedure and information provision, there is no clear path for translating these processes into an increase in perceptions of legitimacy

Coadditive differential complexes on quantum groups and quantum spaces

A regular way to define an additive coproduct (or ``coaddition'') on the q-deformed differential complexes is proposed for quantum groups and quantum spaces related to the Hecke-type R-matrices. Several examples of braided coadditive differential bialgebras (Hopf algebras) are presented.Comment: 9 page

Dynamics of Transformation from Segregation to Mixed Wealth Cities

We model the dynamics of the Schelling model for agents described simply by a continuously distributed variable - wealth. Agents move to neighborhoods where their wealth is not lesser than that of some proportion of their neighbors, the threshold level. As in the case of the classic Schelling model where segregation obtains between two races, we find here that wealth-based segregation occurs and persists. However, introducing uncertainty into the decision to move - that is, with some probability, if agents are allowed to move even though the threshold level condition is contravened - we find that even for small proportions of such disallowed moves, the dynamics no longer yield segregation but instead sharply transition into a persistent mixed wealth distribution. We investigate the nature of this sharp transformation between segregated and mixed states, and find that it is because of a non-linear relationship between allowed moves and disallowed moves. For small increases in disallowed moves, there is a rapid corresponding increase in allowed moves, but this tapers off as the fraction of disallowed moves increase further and finally settles at a stable value, remaining invariant to any further increase in disallowed moves. It is the overall effect of the dynamics in the initial region (with small numbers of disallowed moves) that shifts the system away from a state of segregation rapidly to a mixed wealth state. The contravention of the tolerance condition could be interpreted as public policy interventions like minimal levels of social housing or housing benefit transfers to poorer households. Our finding therefore suggests that it might require only very limited levels of such public intervention - just sufficient to enable a small fraction of disallowed moves, because the dynamics generated by such moves could spur the transformation from a segregated to mixed equilibrium.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure