156 research outputs found
Limits of sympathetic cooling of fermions by zero temperature bosons due to particle losses
It has been suggested by Timmermans [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 87}, 240403
(2001)] that loss of fermions in a degenerate system causes strong heating. We
address the fundamental limit imposed by this loss on the temperature that may
be obtained by sympathetic cooling of fermions by bosons. Both a quantum
Boltzmann equation and a quantum Boltzmann \emph{master} equation are used to
study the evolution of the occupation number distribution. It is shown that, in
the thermodynamic limit, the Fermi gas cools to a minimal temperature , where
is a constant loss rate, is the
bare fermion--boson collision rate not including the reduction due to Fermi
statistics, and is the chemical potential. It
is demonstrated that, beyond the thermodynamic limit, the discrete nature of
the momentum spectrum of the system can block cooling. The unusual non-thermal
nature of the number distribution is illustrated from several points of view:
the Fermi surface is distorted, and in the region of zero momentum the number
distribution can descend to values significantly less than unity. Our model
explicitly depends on a constant evaporation rate, the value of which can
strongly affect the minimum temperature.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures. Phys. Rev. A in pres
Formation of a Matter-Wave Bright Soliton
We report the production of matter-wave solitons in an ultracold lithium 7
gas. The effective interaction between atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate is
tuned with a Feshbach resonance from repulsive to attractive before release in
a one-dimensional optical waveguide. Propagation of the soliton without
dispersion over a macroscopic distance of 1.1 mm is observed. A simple
theoretical model explains the stability region of the soliton. These
matter-wave solitons open fascinating possibilities for future applications in
coherent atom optics, atom interferometry and atom transport.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
Observing the Formation of Long-range Order during Bose-Einstein Condensation
We have experimentally investigated the formation of off-diagonal long-range
order in a gas of ultracold atoms. A magnetically trapped atomic cloud prepared
in a highly nonequilibrium state thermalizes and thereby crosses the
Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition. The evolution of phase coherence
between different regions of the sample is constantly monitored and information
on the spatial first-order correlation function is obtained. We observe the
growth of the spatial coherence and the formation of long-range order in real
time and compare it to the growth of the atomic density. Moreover, we study the
evolution of the momentum distribution during the nonequilibrium formation of
the condensate.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Quantitative comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental results for the BCS-BEC crossover
Theoretical predictions for the BCS-BEC crossover of trapped Fermi atoms are
compared with recent experimental results for the density profiles of Li.
The calculations rest on a single theoretical approach that includes pairing
fluctuations beyond mean field. Excellent agreement with experimental results
is obtained. Theoretical predictions for the zero-temperature chemical
potential and gap at the unitarity limit are also found to compare extremely
well with Quantum Monte Carlo simulations and with recent experimental results.Comment: 4 pages, 3 eps figure
Shift of the molecular bound state threshold in dense ultracold Fermi gases with Feshbach resonance
We consider a dense ultracold Fermi gas in the presence of a Feshbach
resonance. We investigate how the treshold for bound state formation, which is
just at the Feshbach resonance for a dilute gas, is modified due to the
presence of the Fermi sea. We make use of a preceding framework of handling
this many-body problem. We restrict ourselves to the simple case where the
chemical potential is negative, which allows us to cover in particular
the classical limit where the effect is seen to disappear. We show that, within
a simple approach where basically only the effect of Pauli exclusion is
included, the Fermi sea produces a large shift of the threshold, which is of
order of the width of the Feshbach resonance. This is in agreement with very
recent experimental findings.Comment: one reference adde
Measurement of interaction energy near a Feshbach resonance in a 6Li Fermi gas
We investigate the strongly interacting regime in an optically trapped Li
Fermi mixture near a Feshbach resonance. The resonance is found at G
in good agreement with theory. Anisotropic expansion of the gas is interpreted
by collisional hydrodynamics. We observe an unexpected and large shift (G)
between the resonance peak and both the maximum of atom loss and the change of
sign of the interaction energy.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Time interval distributions of atoms in atomic beams
We report on the experimental investigation of two-particle correlations
between neutral atoms in a Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment. Both an atom
laser beam and a pseudo-thermal atomic beam are extracted from a Bose-Einstein
condensate and the atom flux is measured with a single atom counter. We
determine the conditional and the unconditional detection probabilities for the
atoms in the beam and find good agreement with the theoretical predictions.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Adiabatic Phase Diagram of an Ultracold Atomic Fermi Gas with a Feshbach Resonance
We determine the adiabatic phase diagram of a resonantly-coupled system of
Fermi atoms and Bose molecules confined in the harmonic trap by using the local
density approximation. The adiabatic phase diagram shows the fermionic
condensate fraction composed of condensed molecules and Cooper pair atoms. The
key idea of our work is conservation of entropy through the adiabatic process,
extending the study of Williams et al. [Williams et al., New J. Phys. 6, 123
(2004)] for an ideal gas mixture to include the resonant interaction in a
mean-field theory. We also calculate the molecular conversion efficiency as a
function of initial temperature. Our work helps to understand recent
experiments on the BCS-BEC crossover, in terms of the initial temperature
measured before a sweep of the magnetic field.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures. In press, "Journal of the Physical Society of
Japan", Vol.76, No.
Hydrodynamic behavior in expanding thermal clouds of Rb-87
We study hydrodynamic behavior in expanding thermal clouds of Rb-87 released
from an elongated trap. At our highest densities the mean free path is smaller
than the radial size of the cloud. After release the clouds expand
anisotropically. The cloud temperature drops by as much as 30%. This is
attributed to isentropic cooling during the early stages of the expansion. We
present an analytical model to describe the expansion and to estimate the
cooling. Important consequences for time-of-flight thermometry are discussed.Comment: 7 pages with 2 figure
Dilute neutron matter on the lattice at next-to-leading order in chiral effective field theory
We discuss lattice simulations of the ground state of dilute neutron matter
at next-to-leading order in chiral effective field theory. In a previous paper
the coefficients of the next-to-leading-order lattice action were determined by
matching nucleon-nucleon scattering data for momenta up to the pion mass. Here
the same lattice action is used to simulate the ground state of up to 12
neutrons in a periodic cube using Monte Carlo. We explore the density range
from 2% to 8% of normal nuclear density and analyze the ground state energy as
an expansion about the unitarity limit with corrections due to finite
scattering length, effective range, and P-wave interactions.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures, published versio
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