Research Notes : Canada : On the response of the Rpsl-b allele to race 17 of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. Glycinea

The first report of the interaction between race 17 of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea (Pmg) and the Rpsl-b allele was made by Keeling (1982) in his initial report on this race. Keeling (1982) reported that \u27Sanga\u27 (Rpsl-b) gave a resistant response to race 17, but that PI 171442 (Rps3) and \u27Tracy\u27, which possesses the Rpsl-b and Rps3 alleles (Athow et al., 1979), gave a susceptible response. The relative responses of Tracy and Sanga were unexpected, since, in all cases studied to date, an Rps allele for resistance is epistatic to Rps alleles for susceptibility at any loci (e.g., Athow et al., 1980; Layton et al., 1984; Ploper et al., 1985; Athow et al., 1986)

Research Notes: Progress in Obtaining Soybean Haploids 2n=20

Male sterility gene ms 1 from North Carolina was transferred to maturity groups I, II, and III over the last few years to facilitate the use in Wisconsin of the twinning and haploidy phenomena associated with ms1ms1 plants. In 1975 we had an extended fall growing season and seed was obtained from several hundred male sterile ms 1ms1 plants, representing maturity groups I, II, III, IV, and V. Honey bees were used as pollinators

Research Notes: University of Wisconsin

Tissue culture methods may benefit soybean breeders if whole plants can be differentiated from aneuploid, mutated, fused, or haploid cells. However, in order to realize this potential, it must be possible to derive plantlets from previously undifferentiated tissues - and ultimately from masses of callus cells. This report summarizes the information we obtained concerning adventitious budding from soybean tissues (Kimball and Bingham, 1973), early stages of embryo formation within masses of callus cells, and actual differentiation of plantlets from callus tissue

Associations between nutrient intake and gastrointestinal symptoms in autism spectrum disorder

Many children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have significant gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, but the etiology is not well understood. Studies have shown conflicting evidence on whether there are nutritional deficiencies in the various diets of individuals with ASD. However, little is known about the relationship between dietary intake and GI symptomatology in ASD. The goal of the present study was to assess for potential relationships between GI symptoms and nutrient intake from diet in the same sample of individuals from the previous study, and to determine whether dietary differences might have contributed to our previously observed findings of a relationship between stress responses and GI functioning in ASD

Illusory Memories of Emotionally Charged Words in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Further Evidence for Atypical Emotion Processing Outside the Social Domain

Recent evidence suggests that individuals with ASD may not accumulate distinct representations of emotional information throughout development. On the basis of this observation we predicted that such individuals would not be any less likely to falsely remember emotionally significant as compared to neutral words when such illusory memories are induced by asking participants to study lists of words that are orthographically associated to these words. Our findings showed that typical participants are far less likely to experience illusory memories of emotionally charged as compared to neutral words. Individuals with ASD, on the other hand, did not exhibit this emotional modulation of false memories. We discuss this finding in relation to the role of emotional processing atypicalities in ASD

Independent Component Analysis of the Effect of L-dopa on fMRI of Language Processing

L-dopa, which is a precursor for dopamine, acts to amplify strong signals, and dampen weak signals as suggested by previous studies. The effect of L-dopa has been demonstrated in language studies, suggesting restriction of the semantic network. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of L-dopa on language processing with fMRI using Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Two types of language tasks (phonological and semantic categorization tasks) were tested under two drug conditions (placebo and L-dopa) in 16 healthy subjects. Probabilistic ICA (PICA), part of FSL, was implemented to generate Independent Components (IC) for each subject for the four conditions and the ICs were classified into task-relevant source groups by a correlation threshold criterion. Our key findings include: (i) The highly task-relevant brain regions including the Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus (LIFG), Left Fusiform Gyrus (LFUS), Left Parietal lobe (LPAR) and Superior Temporal Gyrus (STG) were activated with both L-dopa and placebo for both tasks, and (ii) as compared to placebo, L-dopa was associated with increased activity in posterior regions, including the superior temporal area (BA 22), and decreased activity in the thalamus (pulvinar) and inferior frontal gyrus (BA 11/47) for both tasks. These results raise the possibility that L-dopa may exert an indirect effect on posterior regions mediated by the thalamus (pulvinar)