330 research outputs found
Effects of a Technological Change in an Aleutian Village
In Nikolski a community of 56 Aleuts on Umnak Island, the large wooden dory, introduced by Americans, has superseded the bidarky, traditional one-man skin boat. Social and economic changes accompanying this shift are described. A self-sufficient economy based on sea hunting, traditional skills, and cooperative effort is replaced by individual dependence on cash income from outside, often unreliable sources. The breakdown in family mores and disintegration of village life is stressed. The study is based on information gathered in summer 1952 when author lived at Nikolski with a party of anthropologists led by W.S. Laughlin, supported by Arctic Institute of North America and University of Oregon Graduate School
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Anthropology, Development and Public Policy
Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology - Volume 4, 198
Dielectric multilayer waveguides for TE and TM mode matching
We analyse theoretically for the first time to our knowledge the perfect
phase matching of guided TE and TM modes with a multilayer waveguide composed
of linear isotropic dielectric materials. Alongside strict investigation into
dispersion relations for multilayer systems, we give an explicit qualitative
explanation for the phenomenon of mode matching on the basis of the standard
one-dimensional homogenization technique, and discuss the minimum number of
layers and the refractive index profile for the proposed device scheme. Direct
applications of the scheme include polarization-insensitive, intermodal
dispersion-free planar propagation, efficient fibre-to-planar waveguide
coupling and, potentially, mode filtering. As a self-sufficient result, we
present compact analytical expressions for the mode dispersion in a finite,
N-period, three-layer dielectric superlattice.Comment: 13 pages with figure
Polarization resolved angular patterns in nematic liquid crystal cells
We study the angular structure of polarization of light transmitted through a
nematic liquid crystal (NLC) cell by theoretically analyzing the polarization
state as a function of the incidence angles. For a uniformly aligned NLC cell,
the matrix formalism and the orthogonality relations are used to
derive the analytical expressions for the transmission and reflection matrices.
The polarization resolved angular patterns in the two-dimensional projection
plane are characterized in terms of the polarization singularities: C points
(points of circular polarization) and L lines (lines of linear polarization).
In the case of linearly polarized plane waves incident on the homeotropically
aligned cell, we present the results of detailed theoretical analysis
describing the structure of the polarization singularities. We apply the theory
to compute the polarization patterns for various orientational structures in
the NLC cell and discuss the effects induced by the director orientation and
biaxiality.Comment: pdflatex, rextex4, 22 pages, 7 figures (jpeg
Geometrically-controlled twist transitions in nematic cells
We study geometrically-controlled twist transitions of a nematic confined
between a sinusoidal grating and a flat substrate. In these cells the
transition to the twisted state is driven by surface effects. We have
identified the mechanisms responsible for the transition analytically and used
exact numerical calculations to study the range of surface parameters where the
twist instability occurs. Close to these values the cell operates under minimal
external fields or temperature variations
Large Coherence Area Thin-Film Photonic Stop-Band Lasers
We demonstrate that the shift of the stop band position with increasing
oblique angle in periodic structures results in a wide transverse exponential
field distribution corresponding to strong angular confinement of the
radiation. The beam expansion follows an effective diffusive equation depending
only upon the spectral mode width. In the presence of gain, the beam cross
section is limited only by the size of the gain area. As an example of an
active periodic photonic medium, we calculate and measure laser emission from a
dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal film
Nematic liquid crystal alignment on chemical patterns
Patterned Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) promoting both homeotropic and planar degenerate alignment of 6CB and 9CB in their nematic phase, were created using microcontact printing of functionalised organothiols on gold films. The effects of a range of different pattern geometries and sizes were investigated, including stripes, circles and checkerboards. EvanescentWave Ellipsometry was used to study the orientation of the liquid crystal (LC) on these patterned surfaces during the isotropic-nematic phase transition. Pretransitional growth of a homeotropic layer was observed on 1 Âčm homeotropic aligning stripes, followed by a homeotropic mono-domain state prior to the
bulk phase transition. Accompanying Monte-Carlo simulations of LCs aligned on nano-patterned surfaces were also performed. These simulations also showed the presence of the homeotropic mono-domain state prior to the transition.</p
Determination of the director profile in a nematic cell from guided wave data: an inverse problem
Copyright © 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. This is the published version of an article published in New Journal of Physics Vol. 9, article 166. DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/9/6/166We consider an inverse problem: the estimation of the nematic director profile from experimental fully leaky guided mode data. This inverse problem is ill-posed in that small changes in the data may lead to large changes in the estimates of the director profile. The continuum equations for a nematic are exploited to stabilize the problem. We use experimental data drawn from a study of the dynamics of a hybrid-aligned nematic cell as an example
The structure of the distortion free-energy density in nematics: second-order elasticity and surface terms
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