Fatores associados à mortalidade de pacientes com enterobactéria resistente aos carbapenêmicos

As Enterobactérias resistentes aos carbapenêmicos (ERC) tornaram-se uma grave ameaça à saúde pública. Devido à produção de enzimas como a Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), essas bactérias desenvolveram uma alta taxa de resistência e elevada mortalidade aos pacientes infectados. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os fatores associados à mortalidade de pacientes com ERC. Foi avaliado o histórico de 591 pacientes que apresentaram cultura positiva para bactérias resistentes aos carbapenêmicos internados no período entre Janeiro de 2012 e Julho de 2013. Os fatores associados à mortalidade dos pacientes com ERC foram: sexo, faixa etária, sítio de isolamento do microrganismo, unidade e tempo de internação, e característica clínica (infectados e colonizados). A normalidade dos dados foi testada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Os dados foram apresentados em mediana (amplitude interquartílica). As associações foram feitas por meio do teste Qui-quadrado 2x2 e Quiquadrado de tendência. O nível de significância foi pré-estabelecido em P<0,05. O aumento da idade se associou com maior frequência de óbitos. Os sítios de isolamento: secreção traqueal e sangue foram os mais frequentes em pacientes que evoluíram a óbito. A internação em UTI também se associou com óbitos em pacientes com ERC, bem como um maior tempo de internação e a característica clínica de infectado. Por outro lado, sexo não foi um fator associado à mortalidade dos pacientes. Em conclusão, o presente estudo demonstrou haver associação entre faixa etária, sítio de isolamento do microrganismo, unidade e tempo de internação e característica clínica com a mortalidade de pacientes com ERC. Sugere-se que futuros estudos investiguem as mudanças na prevalência de casos de colonização e infecção por ERC em hospitais universitários e possam estabelecer estratégias de prevenção e controlerecord of 591 patients that presented positive culture for CRE admitted from January 2012 to July 2013. Other factors associated with mortality of patients with CRE were: sex, age, microorganism isolation site, unit and length of stay, and clinical feature (infection and colonization). Data normality was tested by Shapiro-Wilk. Quantitative data was presented as median (interquartile range). The associations were made through 2x2 and tendency Chi-square test. Significance level was set at P<0.05. The increase of age was associated with a high frequency of not survivors. The isolation site: lower respiratory tract and blood were more frequent in not survivor’s patients. ICU inpatients also were associated with CRE not survivors, as well as longer length of stay and the clinical feature of infection. On the other hand, sex was not a factor associated with the mortality of patients. In conclusion, the present study noted an association between age, microorganism isolation site, patient unit, length of stay and clinical feature with the mortality of CRE patients. It is suggested that future studies investigate the rate of prevalence changes of cases of colonization or infection for CRE in university hospitals and establish prevention and control strategie

Evaluation of a fluoroscopy-based navigation system enabling a virtual radiation-free preview of X-ray images for placement of cannulated hip screws. A cadaver study

OBJECTIVE: Though single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the non-muscle myosin gene (MYH9) have been reported to explain most of the excess risk of nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD), in African-Americans, some studies have also shown associations with diabetic end-stage renal disease. We investigated the association of MYH9 SNPs with renal traits in a mixed-ancestry South African population prone to diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Three SNPs known to be associated with CKD (rs4821480, rs5756152 and rs12107) were genotyped using Taqman assay in 716 adults (198 with diabetes) from the Bellville-South community, Cape Town. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated (eGFR) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) assessed. Multivariable regressions were used to relate the SNPs with renal traits. RESULTS: Mean age was 53.6 years, with the expected differences observed in characteristics by diabetic status. Significant associations were found between rs575152 and serum creatinine, and eGFR in the total population, and in diabetic participants (all p≤0.003), but not in non-diabetics (all p≥0.16), with significant interactions by diabetes status (interaction-p≤0.009). The association with ACR was borderline in diabetic participants (p = 0.05) and non-significant in non-diabetics (p = 0.85), with significant interaction (interaction p = 0.02). rs12107 was associated with fasting-, 2-hour glucose and HbA1c in diabetic participants only (interaction-p≤0.003), but not with renal traits. CONCLUSION: MYH9 SNPs were associated with renal traits only in diabetic participants in this population. Our findings and other studies suggest that MYH9 may have a broader genetic risk effect on kidney diseases