A grid broker pricing mechanism for temporal and budget guarantees

We introduce a pricing mechanism for Grid computing, with the aim of showing how a broker can accept the most appropriate jobs to be computed on time and on budget. We analyse the mechanism’s performance via discrete event simulation, and illustrate its viability, the benefits of a new admission policy and to how slack relates to machine heterogeneity

A design space for dynamic service level agreements in OpenStack

© 2014, Lee and Sill; licensee Springer. cc-byThis paper does a systematic review of the possible design space for cloud-hosted applications that may have changing resource requirements that need to be supported through dynamic service level agreements (SLAs).The fundamental SLA functions are reviewed: Admission Control, Monitoring, SLA Evaluation, and SLA Enforcement – a classic autonomic control cycle.This is followed by an investigation into possible application requirements and SLA enforcement mechanisms.We then identify five basic Load Types that a dynamic SLA system must manage: Best Effort, Throttled, Load Migration, Preemption and Spare Capacity.The key to meeting application SLA requirements under changing surge conditions is to also manage the spare surge capacity.The use of this surge capacity could be managed by one of several identified load migration policies.A more detailed SLA architecture is presented that discusses specific SLA components.This is done in the context of the OpenStack since it is open source with a known architecture.Based on this SLA architecture, a research and development plan is presented wherein fundamental issues are identified that need to be resolved through research and experimentation.Based on successful outcomes, further developments are considered in the plan to produce a complete, end-to-end dynamic SLA capability.Executing on this plan will take significant resources and organization.The NSF Center for Cloud and Autonomic Computing is one possible avenue for pursuing these efforts.Given the growing importance of cloud performance management in the wider marketplace, the cloud community would be well-served to coordinate cloud SLA development across organizations such as the IEEE, Open Grid Forum, and the TeleManagement Forum

Landesentwicklung in Norddeutschland. Abfallwirtschaft im norddeutschen Raum Eine Bestandsaufnahme einschliesslich der im wissenschaftlichen Bereich erarbeiteten Verfahrenstechniken. T. 1

TIB Hannover: RN 5044(118) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Health effects of active commuting to work: The available evidence before GISMO

Sedentary lifestyle is a major modifiable risk factor for many chronic diseases. Global guidelines recommend for maintaining health in adults, at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity of physical activity throughout the week, but compliance is insufficient and health problems arise. One obvious way to overcome this is to integrate physical activity into the daily routine for example by active commuting to work. Scientific evidence, however, is scarce and therefore we set out to perform this systematic review of the available literature to improve understanding of the efficiency of active commuting initiatives on health. Literature searches were performed in PubMed and Cochrane database. Altogether, 37 studies were screened. Thereof, eight publications were reviewed, which included 555 participants. The mean study duration of the reviewed research was 36 \ub1 26 (8\u201072) weeks. Overall, active commuting in previously untrained subjects of both sexes significantly improved exercise capacity, maximal power, blood pressure, lipid parameters including cholesterol, high\u2010density lipoprotein, and waist circumference. Improvement was independent of the type of active commuting. Despite relatively few studies that were previously performed, this review revealed that active commuting has health beneficial effects comparable to those of moderate exercise training.Christine Sch\ue4fer, Barbara Mayr, Maria Dolores Fernandez La Puente deBattre, Bernhard Reich, Christian Schmied, Martin Loidl, David Niederseer, Josef Niebaue