Anthropometrische, kraft-, ausdauer-und flexibilitätsmerkmale männlicher elite-eiskletterer und sportkletterer

Objective: Purpose of this study was to compare elite male ice climbers and sport climbers for their anthropometry, muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility. Although there is a certain overlap between these two activities, sport climbing, which recently became an Olympic discipline, has been studied significantly more than the ice climbing. Hence, the second aim was to indirectly determine whether sport climbing training processes and nutrition can be beneficial for the ice climbing athletes. › Methods: 23 male ice climbers of the Ice Climbing World Cup 2010 in Saas Fee (Switzerland) who all reached the final round were compared to 23 elite male sport climbers, which refers to “on sight” climbing grade of VII+/6b (UIAA/French) or higher. Measurements included anthropometry, three different tests for flexibility, two for strength and two for endurance. › Results: Ice climbers have more fat in the trunk region (Fat%-T), have significantly less handgrip strength in both hands, as well as strength to mass ratio (SMR) of the dominant hand. In the test “foot raise”, ice climbers showed significantly less flexibility. › Conclusion: Results indicate that ice climbers have not only higher body fat percentage, probably as an adaption to cold environment but also lower strength and flexibility than sport climbers. With such data, we can conclude that sport climbing training protocols for development of strength, endurance and flexibility can be potentially beneficial to ice climbers.Ziel: Ziel dieser Studie war es, männliche Elite-Eisk letterer und Sportk letterer hinsichtlich ihrer Anthropometrie, Muskelkraft, Ausdauer und Flexibilität zu vergleichen. Das zweite Ziel war zu bestimmen, ob Trainingsprozesse und Ernährung auf der Grundlage von Untersuchungen an Sportk letterern auch für Eiskletterer von Vorteil sein können.›Methoden: 23 männliche Eisk letterer des Ice Climbing World Cup 2010 in Saas Fee (Schweiz), die alle in die Finalrunde kamen, w urden mit 23 männlichen Elite-Sportkletterern verglichen, die „on sight“ einen K lettergrad von V II+/6b (UIA A/French) oder hö-her aufw iesen. Die Messungen umfassten die Anthropometrie, drei verschiedene Tests für Flexibilität, zwei für K raft und zwei für Ausdauer.›Ergebnisse: Eisk letterer haben mehr Fett im Rumpf bereich (Fat%-T), signifikant weniger Handgriff kraft in beiden Händen sowie Kraft-zu-Masse-Verhältnis (SMR) der dominanten Hand. Eiskletterer zeigten deutlich weniger Flexibilität imHüftbereich.›Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Eisk letterer nicht nur einen höheren Körperfettanteil haben, wahrscheinlich als Anpassung an eine kalte Umgebung, sondern auch eine gerin-gere Kraft und Flexibilität als Sportkletterer. Sportkletter-Trai-ningsprotokolle können zur Entw ick lung von Kraft, Ausdauer und Flexibilität für Eisk letterer potenziell von Vorteil sein

Immunohistochemical analysis of gamma catenin in Wilms' tumors

The aim of our study was to investigate the expression of γ-catenin in normal kidney and in Wilms' tumor by immunohistochemistry and to correlate the results with tumor stage, histological type, and prognostic group. We investigated 28 cases of Wilms' tumor, 2 Wilms' tumor metastases in lungs, and 1 specimen of normal renal tissue. Expression of γ-catenin was detected in 14 cases. There was a weak inverse relationship between γ-catenin expression and tumor stage. Expression of γ-catenin was detected in various histologic types of Wilms' tumor, but there was no statistically significant correlation, except in cases with diffuse anaplasia that were negative. In 2 metastatic cases and in the case of bilateral Wilms' tumor γ-catenin immunostaining was not observed Our findings suggest an absence of strong correlation between the loss of γ-catenin and unfavorable outcome

Prognostic value of survivin expression in Wilms tumor

Purpose: To determine survivin expression patterns in Wilms tumor (WT) and compare it with the expression in normal renal tissue. Also, to analyse cytoplasmic and nuclear survivin expression in relation to histological type, prognostic group and tumor stage. Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of survivin was analysed in 59 cases of primary WT and in 10 normal kidney specimens, taken from the same patients, but distant from the tumor. Results: 51 out of 59 cases of WT (86.44%) showed decreased cytoplasmic survivin expression and 4 out of 59 cases of WT (6.78%) showed nuclear overexpression of survivin. There was statistically significant difference in the frequency of decreased cytoplasmic expression of survivin in individual components of WT (p=0.005). Decreased cytoplasmic expression of survivin in epithelial, blastemal and stromal component was found significantly more often in low stage WT compared to high stage WT (Fisher exact test, p=0.0002, p=0.002, p=0.002, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of survivin nuclear overexpression between different stages of WT (Fisher exact test, p=0.564), histological types (Fisher exact test, p=0.915), or between different prognostic groups (Fisher exact test, p=1). Conclusion: Decreased survivin cytoplasmic expression or nuclear overexpression may be related to favorable prognosis of WT

Changes in maximal oxygen uptake during growth and development in girls who actively participate in basketball and non-athletes girls: A longitudinal study

© 2018, Inst. Sci. inf., Univ. Defence in Belgrade. All rights reserved. Background/Aim. It is well known that continuous engagement in physical activity is important for normal growth and development of children. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), as a measure of functional state of the organism, is largely affected by level of physical activity, but it remains unclear to what extent it can be improved during childhood. The aim of the study was to evaluate dynamics of changes in aerobic capacity, anthropometric and body composition characteristics in active and non-active girls over a period of 3 years. Methods. A total of 48 young girls were included in the study. Girls were divided into 2 groups: training group consisted of 25 girls who played basketball (age 13.84 ± 0.94) and non-training group of 23 girls who were not involved in any organized sports (age 13.83 ± 0.98). Anthropometric and body composition characteristics were measured in order to monitor somatic growth during the study. VO2maxvalues were obtained by performing cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill. All parameters were measured every 6 months during 3-years period. Results. ANOVA analysis showed a significant time and group interaction effect on VO2max (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) and fat percentage (FAT%) (p < 0.01). Also, there was an obvious increase in VO2max within both groups due to growth and development itself (p < 0.001). Conclusion. The main finding of the study was an increase in VO2max due to growth and development. The girls who actively participated in basketball had higher level of aerobic capacity compared to non-active girls. Furthermore, continuous basketball training led to maintaining normal body composition in terms of FAT% and BMI, which altogether may imply that organized physical activity has a positive influence on evaluated characteristics

Multifocal Abrikossoff's granular cell tumor of the oesophagus: Case report

INTRODUCTION Granular cell tumors, relatively uncommon soft tissue tumors, have been a matter of debate among pathologists regarding histogenesis for a long time. Less common locations are in the aerodigestive tract including the oesophagus. CASE OUTLINE We have recently treated a rare case, a 37-year old male, who was admitted due to dysphagia and a painful swallow with occasional pharyngo-nasal regurgitation followed with a mild loss of weight. Standard clinical examination including X-ray chest, ECG and laboratory tests did not show pathological findings. Barium contrast oesophagography demonstrated multiple ovoid defects in the wall of the oesophagus. CT scan of the chest confirmed luminal narrowing owing to the tumor of the upper oesophagus. Upper endoscopy showed unusual multifocal nodular lesions alongside the oesophageal axis covered by smooth mucosa. A primary biopsy specimen taken from the largest nodules confirmed an unusual pathological finding of the granular cell tumor. Subtotal, transpleural oesophagectomy was performed and reconstruction was derived by long colon segment interposition through the posterior mediastinum. The postoperative course was uneventful. The operative specimen consisted of four ovoid tumors alongside the oesophagus (the greatest diameter 0.5-1.8, average 1.25). All verified tumors histologicaly consisted of a spindle-shaped or polygonal cells containing small and large eosinophilic granules and central nuclei. Most tumor cells showed strongly positive immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein. These tumor cells were partially positive for p-53 and Ki-67. No lymph node metastases were detected histologically. CONCLUSION Multifocal granular cell tumor of the oesophagus is an unusual finding with low incidence, and rarely caused symptoms. Pathological features and multiplicity of such tumors emphasized malignant predisposition requiring surgical resection of the oesophagus