Multifunctional sulfonium-based treatment for perovskite solar cells with less than 1% efficiency loss over 4,500-h operational stability tests

The stabilization of grain boundaries and surfaces of the perovskite layer is critical to extend the durability of perovskite solar cells. Here we introduced a sulfonium-based molecule, dimethylphenethylsulfonium iodide (DMPESI), for the post-deposition treatment of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite films. The treated films show improved stability upon light soaking and remains in the black α phase after two years ageing under ambient condition without encapsulation. The DMPESI-treated perovskite solar cells show less than 1% performance loss after more than 4,500 h at maximum power point tracking, yielding a theoretical T80 of over nine years under continuous 1-sun illumination. The solar cells also display less than 5% power conversion efficiency drops under various ageing conditions, including 100 thermal cycles between 25 °C and 85 °C and an 1,050-h damp heat test

Coercion, Volition, and Willingness to Pay: Exploring the Effectiveness of Three Strategies to Reduce Environmental Damage of Individual Internet Usage

Internet usage causes significant environmental harm through emissions from its infrastructure. This study investigated the impacts of willingness to pay a premium and green motivation on intention to reduce internet usage. A survey experiment with 376 subjects found that learning about internet pollution increases both autonomous and controlled motivations, heightening the intention to reduce internet usage. However, when offered the option to pay for environmental damage, the impact of autonomous motivation decreased, controlled motivation improved, and the intention to reduce internet use slightly decreased. The findings contribute to enhance knowledge on corrective information system use, green motivation, and willingness to pay in the context of the internet

Isolation and characterization of bacteria from canine respiratory diseases in and around Hyderabad city, Andhra Pradesh, India

Aim: To identify the organisms causing respiratory diseases in dogs that belongs to areas in and around Hyderabad city.Materials and Methods: Nasal samples were collected using sterile swabs from the canine clinical cases that were presented with the history of respiratory diseases at the University administered Veterinary Hospital, Bhoiguda, Secunderabad and Campus Veterinary Hospital, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad over a period of 26 months i.e., from October 2008 to November 2010. Clinical signs included coughing, nasal discharge, sneezing, difficulty in breathing, fever, loss of appetite and lethargic behavior. Nasal swabs were immediately transferred, aseptically, into a nutrient broth and were subjected to various cultural tests and microscopic examination. Results: Out of 90 nasal samples, different species of bacteria were isolated. Results from our bacterial culture, microscopic and biochemical studies of the nasal discharges collected from dogs suffering with respiratory diseases revealed various bacteria such as E. coli, Klebsiella spp, Streptococci spp.Staphylococci and mixed infections.Conclusion: This study revealed that the bacteria such as E. coli, Klebsiella spp, Streptococci spp. Staphylococci and mixed infections are the common causative agents that lead to respiratory diseases in dogs belonging to areas in and around Hyderabad city