PCSK9 inhibitors – Clinical viability and practical considerations

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory bodies recently approved Praluent (alirocumab) and Repatha (evolocumab) for patients with hereditary forms of high cholesterol and those with cardiovascular disease. These drugs belong to a potent new class of injectable LDL-lowering drugs known as PCSK9 inhibitors. Repatha was approved to treat patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) and patients with the rarer homozygous (HoFH) form of the disease. It was also approved for patients with cardiovascular disease including heart attack or stroke, who require additional cholesterol lowering. The scope of the approval was similar to the approval given to the Regeneron drug, Praluent (alirocumab), which was approved for patients with cardiovascular disease and those with HeFH

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE AWARENESS ON IMPORTANCE OF ANTENATAL EXERCISE AMONG ANTENATAL MOTHERS IN SELECTED TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, KELAMBAKKAM, KANCHIPURAM DISTRICT, TAMILNADU

A descriptive study to assess the mother’s knowledge on antenatal exercise. The research setting in study was conducted at the Obstetrical and Gynecological outpatient department, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kancheepuram district, Tamilnadu, India. The sample participation was voluntary 30 samples was used in the study. Data was collected for the period of 1 week, research tool was structured interview schedule to assess the demographic profile of the sample and structured questionnaire to assess the mother’s knowledge on antenatal exercise, inadequate knowledge level of frequency was 28 and percentage is 47%, moderate knowledge level of frequency was 2 and percentage is 53%, adequate knowledge level of frequency and percentage was 0%

Role of multimeric forms of adiponectin in metabolic disorders

Adiponectin, also called Acrp30, is a 30-kDa protein that circulates in the blood at high levels (2-10 µg/ml in human) and constitutes 0.01% of the total plasma protein. In contrast to other adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin is believed to be an anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing hormone whose levels are reduced in obesity. Adiponectin can exist in the blood as a trimer, with the potential to associate into hexamers and ï¬nally into multimers of high molecular weight (HMW) species. Adiponectin primarily mediates its insulin-sensitizing effects through various signaling proteins including the activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Recent reports suggest the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of adiponectin are mediated by direct activation of PI3K-Akt pathway. Interestingly adiponectin is also reported to decrease body weight by centrally mediated stimulation of energy expenditur

SGLT-2 inhibitors – are they to stay?

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a newer class of Type 2 diabetes medications. The drugs are rapidly growing in popularity. In the period between October 2014 and September 2015, doctors wrote 1.5 million prescriptions for Invokana or Farxiga (dapagliflozin), according to the FDA. They also come in extended formulas and in formulas combined with metformin. These drugs work by preventing the kidneys from reabsorbing sugar and releasing it into the blood. But, what makes these medications so effective, could also contribute to a number of side effects. Beginning in December 2015, the FDA released a number of warnings linking these drugs to a number of side effects, some can be fatal. These range from common ones like yeast infections to more dangerous, rare problems like a link to increased bladder cancer risk and diabetic ketoacidosi

Double Layer at the Pt(111)-Aqueous Electrolyte Interface: Potential of Zero Charge and Anomalous Gouy-Chapman Screening

We report, for the first time, the observation of a Gouy–Chapman capacitance minimum at the potential of zero charge of the Pt(111)‐aqueous perchlorate electrolyte interface. The potential of zero charge of 0.3 V vs. NHE agrees very well with earlier values obtained by different methods. The observation of the potential of zero charge of this interface requires a specific pH (pH 4) and anomalously low electrolyte concentrations (−3 m). By comparison to gold and mercury double‐layer data, we conclude that the diffuse double layer structure at the Pt(111)‐electrolyte interface deviates significantly from the Gouy–Chapman theory in the sense that the electrostatic screening is much better than predicted by purely electrostatic mean‐field Poisson–Boltzmann theory.Catalysis and Surface Chemistr

Double Layer at the Pt(111)–Aqueous Electrolyte Interface: Potential of Zero Charge and Anomalous Gouy–Chapman Screening

We report, for the first time, the observation of a Gouy–Chapman capacitance minimum at the potential of zero charge of the Pt(111)‐aqueous perchlorate electrolyte interface. The potential of zero charge of 0.3 V vs. NHE agrees very well with earlier values obtained by different methods. The observation of the potential of zero charge of this interface requires a specific pH (pH 4) and anomalously low electrolyte concentrations (−3 m). By comparison to gold and mercury double‐layer data, we conclude that the diffuse double layer structure at the Pt(111)‐electrolyte interface deviates significantly from the Gouy–Chapman theory in the sense that the electrostatic screening is much better than predicted by purely electrostatic mean‐field Poisson–Boltzmann theory.Catalysis and Surface Chemistr

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Piper longum catkin extract irradiated by sunlight: antibacterial and catalytic activity

In this study, rapid and cost-effective biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was synthesized by using Piper longum (P. longum) catkin extract. The bioreduction of AgNPs was initially confirmed by using UV–visible spectroscopy which exhibits characteristic absorption peak at 450\ua0nm in 120\ua0s when exposed to sunlight. The phytoconstituents responsible for the reduction of AgNO to Ag NPs were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystalline nature of Ag NPs was confirmed using the X-ray diffraction pattern. Morphological studies confirmed the synthesized Ag NPs were monodispersed and spherical in shape with the size ranging from 15 to 40\ua0nm. The zeta potential analysis of the synthesized AgNPs exhibit negative value (− 24.3\ua0mV), which indicates higher stability. Further, the proficiency of the synthesized AgNPs was evaluated against mastitis-causing bacteria. Hence, the Ag NPs showed the maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (12.45\ua0mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.34\ua0mm), and Bacillus subtilis (9.75\ua0mm). In addition, the catalytic efficiency of Ag NPs was investigated for the conversion of methyl orange to hydrazine derivatives, methylene blue to leuco methylene blue, and o-nitrophenol to o-aminophenol in 4, 5 and 3\ua0min, respectively. Hence, this study explores the doctrine of green chemistry for the rapid production of AgNPs that act as a potential candidate to alleviate mastitis-causing bacteria and clear up diverse environmental problems

<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-IN">5-HT₃receptors in selective animal models of cognition</span>

174-180<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-in;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-IN">Role of 5-HT3 receptors in cholinergic hypofunctional models of cognitive impairment in the elevated plus maze model and a passive avoidance model is studied. Cognitive impairment was caused by scopolamine (1 mg/kg, ip) in mice and 5-HT3 ligands mCPBG (1 and 5 mg/kg, ip) and ondansetron (0.5 and 5mg/kg, ip) were administered before the pre- learning phase to study the effects on acquisition, while post-learning administration was used to determine the effects on consolidation. Ondansetron improved acquisition and retention in cholinergic hypofunctional models while mCPBG potentiated selected impaired cognitive indices. The results indicate the role of 5-HT3 receptors in cognition and that an ideal evaluation of 5-HT3 ligands in cognition should distinguish true cognitive effects from locomotor, motivational and emotional effects<span style="font-size: 8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:="" en-in;mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-IN">.</span