A Study on Psychiatric Illness in Self Poisoning patients in Tertiary Care Hospital

INTRODUCTION: Self-poisoning has been defined to be the act of intentional self In take of more than the prescribed dose of any drugs, including the non-ingestible substances, as well as the overdose of drugs which are used for recreation and alcohol intoxication. It is the most common mode of attempting suicide, hence considered to be the major social and medical problem. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: The study is designed to explore self poisoning patients in the population in terms of its epidemiology, longitudinal outcome and treatment, to understand the close associations between self poisoning patients and psychiatric illness and to examine whether behaviour based treatment for will be more effective than treatment as usual for people who harm themselves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five hundred and seventy four with the history of self poisoning admitted in Thanjavur Medical College Hospital during the period January 2015 to January 2016 was taken up for this study. It is a retrospective study. After the patient is being stabilised, they are sent to Department of Psychiatry for further evaluation . A psychiatric diagnosis based on ICD 10 was made by the psychiatrist once the clinical picture is clear. Seperate register is maintained there about all these details .These details are collected for a duration of one year from January 2015 to January 2016 studied. INCLUSION CRITERIA: All patients admitted with history of self poisoning between January 2015 to January 2016 who were recovered and subjected to psychiatric evaluation. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: 1.All patients who had succumbed to poisoning. 2.All patients with the history of accidental exposure to poisons. 3.All patients with the history of other methods of attempted suicide. RESULTS: On analysis of our study we found most of attempt suicide cases are females, the total number of cases sampled was 574 of which 543 were included in the study, Most common found to be more common in female (279), most common age group is 21 -30, most common poison is rodenticide poisoning (184), most common psychiatric illness is Adjustment disorder (184). CONCLUSION: The commonest poisoning agent was Rat Killer Paste Poisoning. • The incidence was more among females and in the age group of 21 –30 years. • The commonest psychiatric illness is Adjustment Disorder. • The incidence of poisoning and its mortality and mobidity can be reduced by developing and implementation of effective prevention strategies such as: 1. Strict implementation of anti-dowry law, marriage counselling and women empowerment will help in decreasing the day to day tension in married life and decrease the incidence of poisoning among house wives. 2. Persons with psychosocial problems should be identified at the earliest and should be referred for psychiatric counselling. 3. Help the patients who those diagnosed as adjustment disorder to gain perspective on the stressor, establish relationship, attend support groups, manage themselves and stressors. • Nuclear family pattern must be discouraged and Joint family must be encouraged to minimise the adjustment disorder

Analysis of Electric Field Intensity in Gas Insulated Busduct

Gas insulated substations (GIS) have received great interest in the recent years. One of the advantages of GIS over conventional substations is their compactness which makes them a favourite for service in urban residential areas. These consists conductors supported on insulator inside on enclosure filled with sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas. The voltage withstands capability of SF6 bus duct is strongly dependent on field perturbations such as those caused by conductor surface imperfections and by conducting particle contaminants. These acquire charge due to the electric field intensity. Nearly 50 % of GIS failures are due to metallic conducting particles lifted by electric field and migrate to conductor or insulator initiating breakdown at voltages significantly below the insulation characteristics. This paper analyses the electric field intensity for different dimensional conductor and enclosures at various applied voltages in a three phase Gas Insulated Bus duct. Electric field intensity decreases with increase in diameter of enclosure

STUDY ON DECOLORIZATION OF DYE STUFF (AZO DYE-CONGO RED) BY USING BACTERIAL CONSORTIA

Objective: The present study is focused on the screening, isolation of effective bacterial microorganisms for the decolorization of textile effluent and evaluation of the performance of the process also optimization of parameters for enhanced decolorization. Methods: The isolation was carried out by serial dilution method and the decolorization was carried out in the batch reactor. Results: The effective bacteria isolated from the textile were Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus, Bacillus funiculus and Pseudomonas fluorescens have been characterized by biochemical assay also with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Conclusion: The decolorization process using bacterial consortia for various dye yields 95% decolorization. The process was simple, cost-effective and eco-friendly. The parameters such as temperature, pH, nutrients, time had the greater potential for the effective growth of microorganisms were optimized and can be applied to the diverse textile treatment applications. Â&nbsp

Performance of SF6 GIB under the influence of power frequency voltages

A method based on particle motion is proposed to determine the particle trajectory in Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) or Gas Insulated Busduct (GIB). In order to determine the movement of a particle in a GIB, an inner electrode diameter of 40mm and outer enclosure diameter of 137mm was considered. Aluminium and copper wires of 0.25mm/10mm and 0.25mm/12mm were considered to be present on the enclosure surface. The motion of the wire (particle) was simulated using the charge acquired by the particles, the macroscopic field that the particle site, the drag coefficient, Reynold's number and coefficient of restitution. In order to determine the random behaviour of moving particles, the calculation of movement in axial and radial directions was done at every time step using rectangular random numbers. Typically for Aluminium wire for a bus duct voltage of 100 kV RMS, the movement of the particle (0.5mm / 8mm) for 2 Sec was computed to be 18.0337mm in radial and 424.4979mm in axial directions and the movement of the particle (0.25mm / 12mm) for 2 Sec was computed to be 22.4249mm in radial and 503.618mm in axial directions. Similar calculation is extended for a typical 200 kV (RMS) Gas Insulated Busduct

An Economical, Eco friendly and Technical Assessment of Cement Replaced by Marble Dust in Permeable Concrete

The main objective of this project is to investigate the possibility of utilizing waste marble dust (MD) in cement and permeable concrete production. The research work was divided into four sections. The first section deals with the properties of cement modified with marble dust (marble dust blended cement), whereas the second section discusses the properties of concrete contained marble dust as a cement replacement. The replacement ratios which have been studied were 0.0%, 5.0%,, 10.0% , and 15% by weight. Water to powder ratio (w/p) or water to cement ratio (w/c) were 0.35 and 0.40 in case of cement replacement. Physical, mechanical and chemical properties of cement and concrete modified with marble dust were investigated. The third section this introduction to permeable concrete roads reviews its applications and engineering properties, including environmental benefits, structural properties, and durability. The fourth section deals with checking of compressive strength of traditional permeable concrete and cement replaced by marble dust in permeable concrete. Checking economy of cement replaced by marble dust in permeable concrete

A Formal Ontology of Subcellular Neuroanatomy

The complexity of the nervous system requires high-resolution microscopy to resolve the detailed 3D structure of nerve cells and supracellular domains. The analysis of such imaging data to extract cellular surfaces and cell components often requires the combination of expert human knowledge with carefully engineered software tools. In an effort to make better tools to assist humans in this endeavor, create a more accessible and permanent record of their data, and to aid the process of constructing complex and detailed computational models, we have created a core of formalized knowledge about the structure of the nervous system and have integrated that core into several software applications. In this paper, we describe the structure and content of a formal ontology whose scope is the subcellular anatomy of the nervous system (SAO), covering nerve cells, their parts, and interactions between these parts. Many applications of this ontology to image annotation, content-based retrieval of structural data, and integration of shared data across scales and researchers are also described

Development and use of Ontologies Inside the Neuroscience Information Framework: A Practical Approach

An initiative of the NIH Blueprint for neuroscience research, the Neuroscience Information Framework (NIF) project advances neuroscience by enabling discovery and access to public research data and tools worldwide through an open source, semantically enhanced search portal. One of the critical components for the overall NIF system, the NIF Standardized Ontologies (NIFSTD), provides an extensive collection of standard neuroscience concepts along with their synonyms and relationships. The knowledge models defined in the NIFSTD ontologies enable an effective concept-based search over heterogeneous types of web-accessible information entities in NIF’s production system. NIFSTD covers major domains in neuroscience, including diseases, brain anatomy, cell types, sub-cellular anatomy, small molecules, techniques, and resource descriptors. Since the first production release in 2008, NIF has grown significantly in content and functionality, particularly with respect to the ontologies and ontology-based services that drive the NIF system. We present here on the structure, design principles, community engagement, and the current state of NIFSTD ontologies

Elevated InsP3R expression underlies enhanced calcium fluxes and spontaneous extra-systolic calcium release events in hypertrophic cardiac myocytes

Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with profound remodeling of Ca(2+) signaling pathways. During the early, compensated stages of hypertrophy, Ca(2+) fluxes may be enhanced to facilitate greater contraction, whereas as the hypertrophic heart decompensates, Ca(2+) homeostatic mechanisms are dysregulated leading to decreased contractility, arrhythmia and death. Although ryanodine receptor Ca(2+) release channels (RyR) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) intracellular Ca(2+) store are primarily responsible for the Ca(2+) flux that induces myocyte contraction, a role for Ca(2+) release via the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP(3)R) in cardiac physiology has also emerged. Specifically, InsP(3)-induced Ca(2+) signals generated following myocyte stimulation with an InsP(3)-generating agonist (e.g., endothelin, ET-1), lead to modulation of Ca(2+) signals associated with excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) and the induction of spontaneous Ca(2+) release events that cause cellular arrhythmia. Using myocytes from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we recently reported that expression of the type 2 InsP(3)R (InsP(3)R2) is significantly increased during hypertrophy. Notably, this increased expression was restricted to the junctional SR in close proximity to RyRs. There, enhanced Ca(2+) release via InsP(3)Rs serves to sensitize neighboring RyRs causing an augmentation of Ca(2+) fluxes during ECC as well as an increase in non-triggered Ca(2+) release events. Although the sensitization of RyRs may be a beneficial consequence of elevated InsP(3)R expression during hypertrophy, the spontaneous Ca(2+) release events are potentially of pathological significance giving rise to cardiac arrhythmia. InsP(3)R2 expression was also increased in hypertrophic hearts from patients with ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and aortically-banded mice demonstrating that increased InsP(3)R expression may be a general phenomenon that underlies Ca(2+) changes during hypertrophy

Evaluation and Comparison of Utility Consumption for the Sustainable and Normal building

ABSTRACT Sustainable building (Green building) refers the using of processes that are environmentally friendly and resource efficient from design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and demolition. The scope of this paper is to protect the environment by minimizing the use of non renewable construction materials and resources through efficient engineering design, planning and construction. This paper explains the need to select for modifying the design of construction and services to suit Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) requirements. Green Building Concept was to save maximum energy and protect our environment leads to sustainability. Compare to normal building the utilities (water and power) requirement for sustainable building was more efficient than normal building