Influence of the Additive Manufacturing System on the Design of a Microrectification Apparatus [Einfluss des additiven Fertigungsverfahrens auf die Gestalt einer Mikrorektifikationsapparatur]

Die additive Fertigung eröffnet auch in der Verfahrenstechnik neue Möglichkeiten. In der Entwicklung kompakter Rektifikationsapparate sind Vorteile für die Herstellung ebenso wie für die Trennleistung denkbar. Der Designprozess für kompakte, fertigungsgerechte Mikrorektifikationsapparate für zwei Metall-3D-Druck-Verfahren wird gezeigt: Binder-Jetting (BJT/M) und pulverbettbasiertes Schmelzen von Metallen mittels Laser (PBF-LB/M). Restriktionen der Verfahren, z. B. in Bezug auf Überhänge und die Entpulverungs- und Sinterschritte, werden erklärt. Die erste Charakterisierung der gedruckten Teile zeigt, dass die Entwürfe vielversprechend sind

Radiative Energy Flux Variation from 2001–2020

Radiative energy flux data, downloaded from CERES, are evaluated with respect to their variations from 2001 to 2020. We found the declining outgoing shortwave radiation to be the most important contributor for a positive TOA (top of the atmosphere) net flux of 0.8 W/m2 in this time frame. We compare clear sky with cloudy areas and find that changes in the cloud structure should be the root cause for the shortwave trend. The radiative flux data are compared with ocean heat content data and analyzed in the context of a longer-term climate system enthalpy estimation going back to the year 1750. We also report differences in the trends for the Northern and Southern hemisphere. The radiative data indicate more variability in the North and higher stability in the South. The drop of cloudiness around the millennium by about 1.5% has certainly fostered the positive net radiative flux. The declining TOA SW (out) is the major heating cause (+1.42 W/m2 from 2001 to 2020). It is almost compensated by the growing chilling TOA LW (out) (−1.1 W/m2). This leads together with a reduced incoming solar of −0.17 W/m2 to a small growth of imbalance of 0.15 W/m2. We further present surface flux data which support the strong influence of the cloud cover on the radiative budget

Analysis of the Asymmetric Continuous Director Rotation Mode of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays

A very simple analytical model is given of the asymmetric continuous director rotation mode of ferroelectric liquid crystal displays. This model clearly illustrates the basic principles on which this mode is based, and allows easy parameter estimation. It is applied to transmission-voltage characteristics, switching times, and ion characterization. 1