Percepción del ambiente educacional en dos escuelas de medicina con currículo tradicional. Estudio longitudinal;

Background: To establish an educational environment that ensures the quality of the teaching-learning process is a challenge for any educational institution. The questionnaire DREEM (Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure) is used to identify strengths and weaknesses of an educational environment and to compare different medical schools. Aim: To evaluate the changes in the perception of educational environment by students of the Schools of Medicine of the University of Zaragoza, UZar (Spain) and the University of Chile, UCh (Chile) at two points in their curricula. Material and Methods: DREEM questionnaire was answered by 90 students from the UZar and 87 students of the UCh, when they were in the first year (2009) and in the fourth year of their career (2012). Results: At both universities the overall mean scores of DREAM were significantly higher in students in their first year than those obtained in the fourth year (137.5/118.3 for UZar and 128.6/118.8 for UCh). Items with worse perception in the fourth year were observed in subscales Learning Perception and Atmosphere Perception. Items with good evaluation (= 3.0) were the subscales Perception of teachers, academic self-perception, perception of Environment and Social Self-perception. Conclusions: The perception of Chilean and Spanish students about their educational environments indicates that the stage of their medical training is more important than the geographical context or educational institution

The ROCK inhibitor Fasudil prevents chronic restraint stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and dendritic spine loss in rat hippocampus

Indexación: Web of Science; Scopus.Background: Dendritic arbor simplification and dendritic spine loss in the hippocampus, a limbic structure implicated in mood disorders, are assumed to contribute to symptoms of depression. These morphological changes imply modifications in dendritic cytoskeleton. Rho GTPases are regulators of actin dynamics through their effector Rho kinase. We have reported that chronic stress promotes depressive-like behaviors in rats along with dendritic spine loss in apical dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, changes associated with Rho kinase activation. The present study proposes that the Rho kinase inhibitor Fasudil may prevent the stress-induced behavior and dendritic spine loss. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with saline or Fasudil (i.p., 10 mg/kg) starting 4 days prior to and maintained during the restraint stress procedure (2.5 h/d for 14 days). Nonstressed control animals were injected with saline or Fasudil for 18 days. At 24 hours after treatment, forced swimming test, Golgi-staining, and immuno-western blot were performed. Results: Fasudil prevented stress-induced immobility observed in the forced swimming test. On the other hand, Fasudiltreated control animals showed behavioral patterns similar to those of saline-treated controls. Furthermore, we observed that stress induced an increase in the phosphorylation of MYPT1 in the hippocampus, an exclusive target of Rho kinase. This change was accompanied by dendritic spine loss of apical dendrites of pyramidal hippocampal neurons. Interestingly, increased pMYPT1 levels and spine loss were both prevented by Fasudil administration. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Fasudil may prevent the development of abnormal behavior and spine loss induced by chronic stress by blocking Rho kinase activity.https://academic.oup.com/ijnp/article/20/4/336/263217

Fuga de cerebros: el mercado de talentos y sus secuelas / Brain drain: the market of talents and its after-effects

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido revisar los antecedentes, situaciones y consecuencias del flujo de cerebros hacia los países más desarrollados. Su repercusión mundial, y en Cuba. Se realiza una revisión del tema mediante análisis documental. La fuga de cerebros es un fenómeno global, y no nuevo, pero que ha cambiado su matiz, para pasar a formar parte de la expropiación de las personas por las grandes transnacionales y países del primer mundo, con repercusiones negativas en sus países de origen. Se analiza el caso de Cuba, y cómo se ha logrado actuar en contra de esta nefasta actuación, y las posibilidades de la solidaridad, y la cooperación Sur-Sur en la formación de capital humano, así como la exportación de capital humano con repercusión positiva en la economía cubana. Palabras clave: economía, ciencia, recursos humanos en salud. ABSTRACT This research paper was aimed at making a brief review about the antecedents, situations and consequences of the brain drain to the most developed countries. Its world repercussion and those in Cuba were also reviewed. The paper was conducted by means of a documentary analysis. Brain drain is not new, it is a global phenomenon in current times, but its nature has changed, and it is part of the expropriation of people by the huge transnational companies and First World Countries, which have a negative impact on the origin countries of the emigrated. Cuban case was analyzed and the actions taken to counteract this inauspicious performance were shown. The possibilities of solidarity; South-South cooperation in the formation of highly skilled human resources, so as the positive repercussion of the exportation of these human resources on the Cuban economy were also discussed. Key words: economy, science, health manpower

Fuga de cerebros: el mercado de talentos y sus secuelas / Brain drain: the market of talents and its after-effects

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido revisar los antecedentes, situaciones y consecuencias del flujo de cerebros hacia los países más desarrollados. Su repercusión mundial, y en Cuba. Se realiza una revisión del tema mediante análisis documental. La fuga de cerebros es un fenómeno global, y no nuevo, pero que ha cambiado su matiz, para pasar a formar parte de la expropiación de las personas por las grandes transnacionales y países del primer mundo, con repercusiones negativas en sus países de origen. Se analiza el caso de Cuba, y cómo se ha logrado actuar en contra de esta nefasta actuación, y las posibilidades de la solidaridad, y la cooperación Sur-Sur en la formación de capital humano, así como la exportación de capital humano con repercusión positiva en la economía cubana. Palabras clave: economía, ciencia, recursos humanos en salud. ABSTRACT This research paper was aimed at making a brief review about the antecedents, situations and consequences of the brain drain to the most developed countries. Its world repercussion and those in Cuba were also reviewed. The paper was conducted by means of a documentary analysis. Brain drain is not new, it is a global phenomenon in current times, but its nature has changed, and it is part of the expropriation of people by the huge transnational companies and First World Countries, which have a negative impact on the origin countries of the emigrated. Cuban case was analyzed and the actions taken to counteract this inauspicious performance were shown. The possibilities of solidarity; South-South cooperation in the formation of highly skilled human resources, so as the positive repercussion of the exportation of these human resources on the Cuban economy were also discussed. Key words: economy, science, health manpower

Longitudinal perception of the educational environment in two medical schools with traditional curricula in chile and spain Percepción del ambiente educacional en dos escuelas de medicina con currículo tradicional. Estudio longitudinal

© 2016, Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All Rights Reserved.Background: To establish an educational environment that ensures the quality of the teaching-learning process is a challenge for any educational institution. The questionnaire DREEM (Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure) is used to identify strengths and weaknesses of an educational environment and to compare different medical schools. Aim: To evaluate the changes in the perception of educational environment by students of the Schools of Medicine of the University of Zaragoza, UZar (Spain) and the University of Chile, UCh (Chile) at two points in their curricula. Material and Methods: DREEM questionnaire was answered by 90 students from the UZar and 87 students of the UCh, when they were in the first year (2009) and in the fourth year of their career (2012). Results: At both universities the overall mean scores of DREAM were significantly higher in students in their first year than those obtained in the fourth year (137.

LHRH and rat avoidance behavior: Influence of castration and testosterone

Pretraining subcutaneous administration of a high dose of LHRH (100 μg/kg) to intact rats impaired acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response (CAR) in a two way shuttle box. Acquisition of a CAR was also decreased when LHRH was administered to castrated rats. LHRH antagonized the dose related impairment in acquisition and retention performance induced by testosterone in castrated animals. The results are discussed based on the interrelationships between castration, testosterone, LHRH and brain monoamines. © 1983

LABORATORIO DE HORMONAS: ASPECTOS PRÁCTICOS

Las técnicas de laboratorio de análisis hormonales han experimentado grandes progresos en las últimas décadas, actualmente se pueden realizar determinaciones hormonales con gran precisión y automatización, sin embargo, existen muchos elementos que es necesario tener en consideración al momento de interpretar un examen hormonal. El elegir el examen adecuado para la condición que estamos estudiando, el conocer sus limitaciones y potenciales falsos positivos y negativos es parte del conocimiento que es fundamental tener como clínicos. En este artículo se pretende entregar una breve revisión de las principales determinaciones hormonales, orientado a aspectos que puedan ser de utilidad al médico no especialista en su práctica clínica

Effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene and Controlled Atmosphere on Ethylene Synthesis and Quality Attributes of Avocado cvs. Edranol and Fuerte

Avocado production worldwide relies on several varieties, with “Hass” being the most commercialized; however, the available genotypes include a number of green-skin varieties with important roles in several countries. Because many technologies have already been developed in “Hass” avocado, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application during long-term storage of “Edranol” and “Fuerte” avocados. Fruits of both varieties were harvested at two maturity stages: an early harvest close to 20–23% dry matter (DM) content and another after two months, with 22% and 32% DM content for Edranol and Fuerte, respectively. After harvest, the fruit was stored under the following conditions: (i) regular air storage (RA), (ii) CA with 4% O2 and 6% CO2, and (iii) 1-MCP applied at 300 ppm. Avocados were stored at 5°C and 85% relative humidity. Physiological and quality evaluations were performed immediately after 30 and 50 days; afterwards, the avocados were maintained at 20°C (shelf life) until they reached the ready-to-eat stage. Ethylene synthesis was assessed by measuring the transcript accumulation of the ACO and ACS genes. The two varieties showed distinct respiration and ethylene production rates during ripening, and fruit stored under CA or after application of 1-MCP showed lower respiration rates than fruit stored under RA, with the lowest rate in 1-MCP-treated avocados. ACS and ACO transcript levels were also lower under both conditions. CA and 1-MCP were very effective tools for extending storage life mainly by reducing the fruit softening rate and the incidence of pulp disorders in both varieties, and interestingly, these techniques did not severely affect the days to reach the ready-to-eat stage. Therefore, the use of CA and 1-MCP technologies in “Fuerte” and “Edranol” seems to be suitable for maintaining quality through 50 days of storage