Metastatic non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with cervical lymph node metastasis.

Bladder cancer is a common cancer that may present as superfi cial, invasive, or metastatic disease. Non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) represents the majority of bladder cancer diagnoses, but represents a spectrum of disease with a variable clinical course, notably for signifi cant risk of recurrence and potential for progression. NMIBC metastasis to distant organs without local invasion or regional metastasis is a very rare occurrence, so there are limited case reports about early metastasis in the literature.post-print4,59 M

Pvlearning: herramienta web para la enseñanza de la energía solar fotovoltaica

En este trabajo, se describe la web www.pvlearning.com, desarrollada en la Universidad de Alcalá para la enseñanza de la energía solar fotovoltaica. PVLEARNING asiste al alumno en la realización de tareas como la evaluación de la radiación solar disponible, la selección de los componentes del sistema, la configuración de éstos y la estimación del rendimiento global y la energía total producida. Frente a otros programas de simulación, la plataforma presenta la novedad de estar enfocada al aprendizaje de la ingeniería de proyectos, sin por ello perder todo el rigor y la funcionalidad necesarios en este tipo de simuladores.This work describes the web www.pvlearning.com, which has been developed at the Universidad de Alcalá for photovoltaic solar energy teaching. PVLEARNING assists the student in tasks such as the evaluation of the solar radiation, the selection of the system components, the configuration of the solar generator and the estimation of the performance ratio, the final yield and the total energy production. In contrast to other simulation programs, the platform has the novelty of being focused on the learning of project engineering, without losing the accuracy and functionality which is required in this kind of simulator

Herramientas Software para Enseñanzas Relacionadas con la Energía Solar Fotovoltaica

[EN] This paper describes different simulation tools developed in the Universidad de Alcalá in order to teach photovoltaic energy engineering. A web application is compared to other tools, such as spreadsheets and applications in Matlab environment, developed by the authors. In all the cases, the tools are focused on learning project engineering.[ES] En este trabajo, se describen diferentes herramientas de simulación empleadas en asignaturas de la Universidad de Alcalá para la enseñanza de la energía solar fotovoltaica. Se compara el uso de una aplicación web con otras herramientas como hojas de cálculo y aplicaciones en entorno Matlab. Todas las herramientas descritas han sido desarrolladas por los autores, haciendo especial énfasis en su enfoque didáctico, sin por ello perder todo el rigor y la funcionalidad necesarios en este tipo de simuladores.Peña Capilla, R.; García Díaz, M.; Alén Cordero, C.; Díaz Villar, P.; Mallol Poyato, R.; Díez-Pascual, A. (2017). Herramientas Software para Enseñanzas Relacionadas con la Energía Solar Fotovoltaica. En In-Red 2017. III Congreso Nacional de innovación educativa y de docencia en red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1311-1321. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2017.2017.6862OCS1311132

Clonal structure and dynamics of peripheral Populus tremula L. populations

Producción CientíficaNative Populus tremula L. populations at the south-western limit of the species’ range are threatened by the anthropic reduction of their habitats and by climate change. In these areas, P. tremula forms small and multiclonal populations. Knowledge of the structures and dynamics of these populations is essential to design effective conservation programs. The clonal spatial and ramet age distributions of three natural populations in north-western Spain were studied. Trees with diameter > 3 cm at breast height were mapped and their age identified. Multilocus genotypes based on 11 isoenzymatic loci were obtained for a sample of 90-106 evenly distributed trees per population. Clonal assignment of the remaining trees in each stand was interpolated using geostatistical methods. All three stands were multiclonal, with higher clonal diversity than that reported in northern populations, and no genotype was detected in more than one stand. Most clones exhibited aggregated distributions, but some scattered clones were also found. The clonal structures of the stands are consistent with the hypothesis that recruitment is absent inside the stand. A combined analysis of ages and genotypes revealed cycles of regrowth in which each clone experienced varying degrees of success in generating new ramets. These degrees of success could be the consequence of varying abilities for vegetative propagation among genotypes. Geostatistical interpolation can be a useful tool for the elaboration of clonal maps, thus reducing the costs of sampling and genotyping, but further research is needed to define the optimum scale of sampling for accurate clonal assignment. For P. tremula conservation programs based on clonal material, small plantations with relatively few clones (approximately 10) provide an appropriate strategy if the metapopulation is maintained at a sufficient level of diversity. The set of clones used for plantations and ex-situ collections should consider both the most abundant and the least frequent clones to avoid a biased selection.Junta de Castilla y León (projects VA019A08 and VA 123/02

Morphostructural Characterization of Rice Grain (Oryza sativa L.) Variety Morelos A-98 during Filling Stages

The morphostructure of grain rice Morelos A-98 was characterized in five stages of physiological maturation, in order to generate morphometric information during the filling process. Micrographic images from optical and scanning electron microscopy coupled to a digital capture system were used. Images were digitally processed to measure different descriptors such as shape, fractal dimension, and surface texture. Results showed that, two weeks after anthesis, an accelerated grain filling was observed, particularly on those grains positioned in the distal panicle zone, compared to those located in the base of this one. As deposition of assimilates in the grain increased, the area and perimeter of the transversal cut of the grains also increased (P ≤ 0.05); meanwhile, the rounded shape factor tended to increase as well (P ≤ 0.05), while the elliptic shape factor decreased. As the dehydrated endosperm passed from “milky” to “doughy” stages, values of fractal dimension area and endosperm perimeter as well as surface texture values showed that grain borders tended to become smoother and that there was a greater structured endosperm area (P ≤ 0.05)