Análisis de la frecuencia y efectividad de la utilización del recurso táctico empty goal en situaciones de inferioridad ofensiva y acciones de 7x6, en los Campeonatos de Europa de balonmano femenino de 2018 y 2020.

El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte trata de responder a la pregunta ¿Cuántas veces y en qué situaciones se utiliza y qué influencia tiene el recurso táctico del empty goal en balonmano?, concretándose esto en el siguiente objetivo principal: analizar y conocer la frecuencia y en qué situaciones se utiliza el recurso táctico del empty goal en los Campeonatos de Europa de balonmano femenino 2018 y 2020, así como ver qué influencia tiene este en el marcador final de la situación de empty goal por cada uno de los equipos en cada uno de los campeonatos analizados. Para ello, se visionaron los 97 partidos pertenecientes a los dos Campeonatos de Europa de balonmano femenino 2018 y 2020, de donde se extrajeron todas las situaciones de empty goal en inferioridad ofensiva y en situaciones de 7x6. Estos datos fueron recopilados en una herramienta diseñada ad hoc para un posterior análisis con el programa estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics v.26. En total se recogieron 1028 situaciones de empty goal de las 16 selecciones que participaron en ambos campeonatos. Los resultados demuestran que el uso del empty goal ha evolucionado de forma ascendente y que cada vez está más asentado en los equipos nacionales de balonmano analizados y se le está sacando un balance más positivo. Aunque cabe indicar que aun siendo un recurso que se puede utilizar con resultados positivos, tampoco es imprescindible o determinante ya que hemos comprobado como dos selecciones que no lo han utilizado han obtenido medallas en ambos europeos.This Final Degree Project in Physical Activity and Sport Sciences aims to answer the question "How many times and in what situations is it used and what influence does the empty goal resource have in handball?", with the following main objective: analyse and find out how often and in what situations the tactical resource of the empty goal is used in the two women's handball European Championships 2018 and 2020, as well as to see what influence it has on the final score of the empty goal situation for each of the teams in each of the championships analysed. For this, the 97 matches belonging to the two women's European Championships 2018 and 2020 were viewed, from which all the empty goal situations in offensive numerical inferiority and in 7x6 situations were extracted. These data were collected in ad hoc designed tool for a subsequent analysis with the statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics v.26. A total of 1028 empty goal situations were collected from the 16 teams that participated in both championships. The results show that the use of the empty goal has evolved in an ascending way and that it is becoming more and more established in the analysed national teams and a more positive balance is being drawn from it. Although it should be noted that even though it is a resource that can be used with positive results, it is neither essencial nor decisive, since we have verified as two teams that have not used it have won medals in both EuropeansUniversidad de Sevilla grado en Educacion Fisica y Deport

Validación de un cuestionario para la evaluación de conocimientos sobre dificultades en el lenguaje en docentes del nivel inicial

La presente investigación titulada Validación de un cuestionario para la evaluación de conocimientos sobre dificultades en el lenguaje en docentes del nivel inicial, es un estudio realizado bajo un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, tiene como objetivo determinar el nivel de conocimiento de dificultades en el lenguaje en cuarenta y cuatro (44) docentes del nivel inicial que formaron parte de la muestra, a partir del análisis de la variable conocimiento sobre dificultades en el lenguaje. Para el proceso de medición se crea el Cuestionario sobre dificultades en el lenguaje en docentes de nivel inicial. Los resultados comprueban la validez de contenido del cuestionario de dificultades en el lenguaje para docentes de nivel inicial, mediante el método de juicio de expertos. A partir de la prueba de correlación de Pearson, se obtuvo evidencia significativa respecto a la validez de constructo de las dimensiones del cuestionario relacionado con las dificultades del lenguaje. Por medio de esta investigación se llega a la conclusión que las docentes de nivel inicial presentan un nivel medio predominante en sus conocimientos sobre la dimensión Pautas evolutivas en niños de 3 a 5 años y dificultades en el lenguaje.The current investigation entitled "Questionnaire validation for the evaluation of knowledge about the language difficulties at preschool teachers", is a study about a quantitative approach of descriptive type, it has as objective to determine the level of knowledge of language difficulties in forty-four (44) preschool teachers, part of our sampling, based on the analysis of the variable knowledge about language difficulties. For the measurement process, the "Questionnaire on language difficulties in preschool teachers" was created. The results verify thecontent validity of the language difficulties questionnaire for preschool teachers, through the expert judgment method. From the Pearson confirmation test, significant evidence was obtained regarding the construct validity of the dimensions of the questionnaire related to language difficulties. Through this research, it was concluded that preschool teachers present a predominantaverage level in their knowledge about the Developmental Guidelines dimension in children fromthree (3) to five (5) years old and language difficulties

Validación de un cuestionario para la evaluación de conocimientos sobre dificultades en el lenguaje en docentes del nivel inicial

La presente investigación titulada Validación de un cuestionario para la evaluación de conocimientos sobre dificultades en el lenguaje en docentes del nivel inicial, es un estudio realizado bajo un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, tiene como objetivo determinar el nivel de conocimiento de dificultades en el lenguaje en cuarenta y cuatro (44) docentes del nivel inicial que formaron parte de la muestra, a partir del análisis de la variable conocimiento sobre dificultades en el lenguaje. Para el proceso de medición se crea el Cuestionario sobre dificultades en el lenguaje en docentes de nivel inicial. Los resultados comprueban la validez de contenido del cuestionario de dificultades en el lenguaje para docentes de nivel inicial, mediante el método de juicio de expertos. A partir de la prueba de correlación de Pearson, se obtuvo evidencia significativa respecto a la validez de constructo de las dimensiones del cuestionario relacionado con las dificultades del lenguaje. Por medio de esta investigación se llega a la conclusión que las docentes de nivel inicial presentan un nivel medio predominante en sus conocimientos sobre la dimensión Pautas evolutivas en niños de 3 a 5 años y dificultades en el lenguaje.The current investigation entitled "Questionnaire validation for the evaluation of knowledge about the language difficulties at preschool teachers", is a study about a quantitative approach of descriptive type, it has as objective to determine the level of knowledge of language difficulties in forty-four (44) preschool teachers, part of our sampling, based on the analysis of the variable knowledge about language difficulties. For the measurement process, the "Questionnaire on language difficulties in preschool teachers" was created. The results verify thecontent validity of the language difficulties questionnaire for preschool teachers, through the expert judgment method. From the Pearson confirmation test, significant evidence was obtained regarding the construct validity of the dimensions of the questionnaire related to language difficulties. Through this research, it was concluded that preschool teachers present a predominantaverage level in their knowledge about the Developmental Guidelines dimension in children fromthree (3) to five (5) years old and language difficulties

Numerical and experimental evaluation of dielectric properties of thermally aged insulating paper used in power transformers

Due to the relevant role of the cellulosic insulation in the dielectric system of a power transformer, it is necessary to know its dielectric properties and its evolution as insulating material. The dependence of the dielectric properties of solid insulation on the moisture content, temperature, or pressure is well-defined. However, it is not clear the effect of the paper degradation on its insulating capacity. To study the impact of ageing on the dielectric properties, samples of Kraft paper were subjected to an accelerated hygrothermal ageing. Degree of polymerization (DP) value was reduced from 1000 to 200, with intermediate study points. All samples were conditioned to the same moisture content in order to only evaluate the effect of the paper degradation. Different dielectric properties, such as loss factor (tanδ) and complex permittivity (ε) were measured using the dielectric spectroscopy technique. These experimental results were used to develop a numerical model with the finite element-based tool Comsol Multiphysics. This model provided some extra information about the material properties, such as the electric field distribution. Results showed that the degradation of Kraft paper modifies its dielectric response.We acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation by means of the National Research Project Asset management of biodegradable-fluid-based transformers (PID2019-107126RB-C22/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033). The authors also wish to thank “Fundación Iberdrola” for its financial support for the research project: S090 “Análisis de las Propiedades Dieléctricas de Aislamientos Sólidos Impregnados con Líquidos Dieléctricos”. C. Méndez also wants to acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for the financial support for the FPU grant (FPU19/01849)

Estimating the age of power transformers using the concentration of furans in dielectric oil

Transformers have an insulation system based on dielectric oil and paper. Several factors as shortcircuits, high load, or overheating influence the aging of the insulating system. Thus, these materials are decomposed during transformer operation, and its state determines the status of the transformer. The degree of polymerization of dielectric paper is an indicator of its real condition. The concentration of furanic compounds in oil offer an estimation of paper degradation. Moreover, these compounds are easy to measure from oil samples. This paper review equations which relate one or more properties of the insulating system with the life expectancy of the transformer. These equations were used in a fleet of transformers in order to estimate the accuracy of these mathematical models. Results show that these methods achieve the most reliable estimation when the transformers have operated less than 8 years. Nevertheless, when the transformers are older, the estimation of lifetime based on furanic compounds is quite erratic and should be improved.The research leading to these results has received funding from multiple sources during years but we would specifically like to acknowledge the support received in the later stages from the Spanish Plan Estatal de I+D under the grant agreement DPI2013-43897-P

Hydraulic assessment of nanofluids based on mineral oil and natural ester in windings of power transformers

It is common for electric power transformers to be cooled by mineral oil. However, this type of oil has begun to be replaced by oils of natural origin (esters), due to environmental and fire safety reasons. The latter are biodegradable and have an ignition point much higher than that of mineral oils. On the other hand, different authors have found that the dielectric and refrigerant properties of the oils used in transformers can be improved when some types of nanoparticles are added. In order to assess this improvement, this work presents the results obtained by a research in which different nanofluids, produced through commercial dielectric oils (mineral and natural), nanoparticles of titanium (IV) oxide and magnetite, were thermally characterized. The results of this characterization have been used to perform simulations based on computational fluid dynamics. This comparison has allowed to observe the pressure drops and the mass flows in the internal channels of the windings of a real power transformer.The authors of this research wish to thank the Ministry of Economy for financial support to the National Research Project: Improvement of Insulation Systems of Transformers through Dielectric Nanofluids (DPI2015-71219-C2 1-R)

Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the performance of a natural ester dielectric fluid

Mineral oil has been frequently used in most of high voltage transformers. However, this oil has started to be replaced by vegetable oils. Additionally, different authors have found that mineral oil-based nanofluids have a potential in improving insulating properties of transformer oil. In order to improve the characteristics of a commercial vegetal oil, this work has used TiO2 nanoparticles to obtain a nanofluid whose ageing behavior at 150°C for 300 hours has been studied.The authors of this research wish to thank the Ministry of Economy for financial support to the National Research Project: Improvement of Insulation Systems of Transformers through Dielectric Nanofluids (DPI2015-71219-C2 1-R)

POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS CONTRA LA POBREZA MULTIDIMENSIONAL: EN BÚSQUEDA DEL DESARROLLO

Un elemento constitutivo de la vida político-administrativa en México es la comprensión del papel de las políticas públicas como entes generadores de estabilidad en donde el Estado expresa al máximo su capacidad de regular a la sociedad. Debido al papel eje de las políticas públicas resulta necesario construir verdaderos cursos de acción que impulsen la estabilidad social, en busca de ello es que la visión institucionalista trabaja a la par con el término de políticas públicas, ya que este primero representa un anclaje seguro ante los vertiginosos cambios, siendo un trabajo colaborativo para cumplir el objetivo último del Estado como procurador del bien común, de ahí la necesidad de plantearse la siguiente interrogante ¿cómo gestionar la intervención del Estado desde una perspectiva ilustrada y alcanzar el desarrollo? Para ello se aborda el enfoque de las políticas públicas retomando la visión ofrecida por Canto, Aguilar y Lasswell. El siguiente punto a definir es la pobreza, que entre otras cosas se refiere a las relaciones sociales que excluyen a determinados sectores de la participación considerada como normal dentro de la vida comunitaria, esta visión es emitida por el Comité Técnico para la Medición de la Pobreza en México (CTMP). Después se dará paso a las tipologías entre las cuales destaca la realizada por Székely, quien enuncia tres tipos de pobreza, alimentaria, de capacidades y patrimonio. Además se abordará el tema de Desarrollo Humano, desde la perspectiva del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD), como uno de los principales objetivos perseguidos por las políticas sociales. Para finalizar, un factor clave es la asignación del valor correcto a diversos factores que varían en cada país, con lo cual surge del Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH), que ofrece algunas consideraciones para la asignación de valores y que es utilizado, como su propio nombre lo señala, como indicador del nivel de desarrollo de la población

Cooling performance of different dielectric fluids containing nanoparticles in a transformer winding

This work presents a study where the thermal performance of different nanofluids is tested in a transformer winding model. A 2D axisymmetric non-isothermal CFD model has been used to compare temperature and velocity distribution of the proposed fluids. The fluids tested consists of eight different mixtures manufactured from two different nanoparticles and two different concentrations, using a mineral oil and a natural ester as base liquids. The comparison has been carried out between each nanofluid and their base fluid to observe the thermal impact of nanoparticles. The temperature dependent properties have been determined to include them in the simulation model. Two different inlet velocities were selected as inlet conditions, representing Oil Natural and Oil Directed Cooling. The analysis has been carried out using ANSYS Fluent ® in a two pass winding model. The average and maximum disc temperatures and mass flow distributions are obtained for all the cases. The results obtained show that the temperature in the seven discs of the considered winding increases when the nanoparticles are added to the natural ester, between 3 and 7%. On the other hand, in the case of mineral oil, the addition of nanoparticles reduces the temperature in the discs between 0.3 and 3%.The authors of this research wish to thank the Ministry of Economy for financial support to the National Research Project: Improvement of Insulation Systems of Transformers through Dielectric Nanofluids (DPI2015-71219-C2 1-R)

Protective effects of epoxypukalide on pancreatic b-cells and glucose metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic mice

Producción CientíficaDiabetes is a consequence of a decrease on functional β-cell mass. We have recently demonstrated that epoxypukalide (Epoxy) is a natural compound with beneficial effects on primary cultures of rat islets. In this study, we extend our previous investigations to test the hypothesis that Epoxy protects β-cells and improves glucose metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic mice. We used 3-months old male mice that were treated with Epoxy at 200 μg/kg body weight. Glucose intolerance was induced by multiple intraperitoneal low-doses of streptozotocin (STZ) on 5 consecutive days. Glucose homeostasis was evaluated measuring plasma insulin levels and glucose tolerance. Histomorphometry was used to quantify the number of pancreatic β-cells per islet. β-cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU incorporation, and apoptosis by TUNEL staining. Epoxy treatment significantly improved glucose tolerance and plasma insulin levels. These metabolic changes were associated with increased β-cell numbers, as a result of a two-fold increase in β-cell proliferation and a 50% decrease in β-cell death. Our results demonstrate that Epoxy improves whole-body glucose homeostasis by preventing pancreatic β-cell death due to STZ-induced toxicity in STZ-treated mic