Analysis of the mooring effects of future ultra-large container vessels (ULCV) on port infrastructures

The size of container vessels is continuously growing, always exceeding expectations.Port authorities and terminals need to constantly adapt and face challenges related to maritime infrastructure, equipment, and operations, as these are the principal areas affected by the future Ultra Large Container Vessels (ULCVs). Maneuvring areas are at their limits, and mooring equipment is at an increased risk of being overloaded. This study aims to analyze the limitations that present mooring systems may face when ULCVs are subjected to wind and passing-ship forces exerted by a future ULCV and wind forces through Dynamic Mooring Analysis (DMA). A hypothetical andmassive future ULCV with a capacity of 40,000 TEU is compared to the Emma Maersk, which is a present vessel that regularly calls at container terminals. The Emma Maersk, with its current mooring arrangement, experiences higher motion than future ULCVs, which experience higher forces but are also moored with more and stronger lines. This translates into considerably higher loads in the mooring system, potentially compromising safe mooring conditions at the terminal. Mitigating measures are proposed in the study to face these limitations. In addition, the study explores the potential of new and innovative mooring technologies, such as high-strength synthetic ropes and smart mooring systems, to address the challenges posed by ULCVs. A container terminal at the Port of Rotterdam, Europe's largest sea port, has been analyzed as a case study. The terminal is located next to a busy fairway that leads to other container terminals, justifying the need to analyze both wind and passing-ship effects on moored ships

Estudio y análisis de los sistemas de juego en fútbol

Se trata de una investigación de tipo deportiva, enmarcada dentro de la Praxiología Motriz, en la que hemos empleado una metodología observacional sistemática, activa no participante y directa. El instrumento de observación ha sido un formato de campo y un sistema de categorías. Un registro sistematizado, con un muestreo focal y un control de la fiabilidad del dato por concordancia consensuada e ínter observadores. Los datos obtenidos se tratarán teniendo en cuenta el doble criterio de ocurrencia y base (Anguera, M. T et Alt. 1993) son secuencias y tiempo base, en la que se anota los eventos y el orden de ocurrencia de los mismos. Y siendo las categorías mutuamente excluyentes y exhaustivas. La población está constituida por encuentros de fútbol español, de las categorías 2a A, 2a B y 3a. La muestra está constituida por 45 encuentros (15 de cada categoría) de fútbol de las categorías: 2a A, 2a B y 3a División (grupo canario) nacional masculina. Para este estudio preliminar tomaremos 6 partidos de 2ª División A en el que participan equipos canarios de dicha categorí

Numerical Analysis and Diagnosis of the Hydrodynamic Effects Produced by Hurricane Gordon along the Coast of Spain

This paper presents a detailed hindcast for the generation and propagation of sea state variables—significant wave heightHs, peak period Tp,mean direction u, and spectral shape g –s —associated with cyclonic events to numerically diagnose their possible hydrodynamic effects over the northeastern Atlantic. An example of such cyclonic events is Hurricane Gordon, which occurred during the second half of August 2012. Extreme hurricane-strength winds produced new and atypically low-frequency (about 14 s) packs of energy. The preexistent wave spectrum suddenly experienced an addition of low-frequency energy along the coast of Cadiz, Spain. This study presents the results of a comprehensive analysis developed to reconstruct the events produced by Hurricane Gordon (2012) along the coast of Cadiz. The analysis features the use of (i) parametric models for the characterization of hurricane winds and pressure fields, (ii) implementation of the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model for the generation and propagation of waves in the northeast Atlantic Ocean, and (iii) its coupling with theMOPLA—taken fromthe Spanish acronym for wave propagation model, current, and morphodynamic evolution of beaches—model for the evaluation of longshore currents. The numerical wave characterization, generation, and propagation were validated with instrumental data from deep-water and coastal buoys.This work was partially funded by projects ‘‘GRACCIE’’ (SD 2007- 00067, CONSOLIDER INGENIO2010) and ‘‘iMar21’’ (BiA2011-2890) from the Spanish government

An improved model for fast and reliable harbour wave agitation assessment

ABSTRACT: This study presents the new advances achieved in the field of harbour agitation climate assessment. Based on the improvement of an elliptic mild-slope model (MSP), which realistically reconstructs waves inside any-sized basin, represented by high-detailed unstructured meshes, and forced by real-shaped outer spectral data. A new solver is proposed for high performance runs, which allow fast agitation hindcast for statistical downtime analysis within an iterative and multi-scenario approach. Also, a realistic assimilation of partial reflection processes in quays/docks/wharfs/breakwaters is proposed. The model has been successfully validated in several harbours of special relevance in Spain with in situ measurements, through the assimilation of the hybrid downscaling (Camus et al., 2011) technique combined with monochromatic-based wave spectral reconstruction.This work has been also partially funded under the RETOS program of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (BIA2017-87213-R). We would like to thank Puertos del Estado of Spain for providing spectral outer wave spectral forcing and wave agitation measurements, for gather/organize each Port Authority base data required

Multimodal harbor wave climate characterization based on wave agitation spectral types

A new numerical methodology reaching an improved characterization of the historical harbor wave agitation climate is presented in this work. A detailed frequency-direction wave spectrum definition of wave agitation patterns within harbor basins is achieved, providing an in-depth description of the whole multidirectional and multireflective wave patterns occurring as a natural harbor response. This constitutes an advance from the monoparametric/aggregated wave height parameter-based approaches, traditionally used for wave agitation characterization, to a multivariate and disaggregated representation of in-port waves and the multiple wave transformation processes within harbor basins. In addition, the wave agitation spectral type concept is proposed, whereby the wave agitation spectral shapes are classified into representative clusters of the historical wave agitation response in a harbor. A detailed multiannual analysis of the wave agitation response, based on the different in-port spectral wave components, their relation with the outer-harbor forcing waves, and their interactions with the harbor structures, can be achieved with the proposed methodology. This improved harbor wave climate characterization can be especially relevant for port operability and downtime analyses. The methodology is applied and validated in Africa basin (Las Palmas Port, Spain).This work was supported by a FPU (Formación de Profesorado Universitario) grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities to the first author (FPU18/03046). This work was also partially funded under the State R&D Program Oriented to the Challenges of the Society (PID2020-118285RB-I00) of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities

Reconstrucción híbrida del clima marítimo y su aplicación al estudio del transporte de sedimentos en la costa del Pacífico mexicano.

RESUMEN. El presente estudio se encarga de analizar el clima marítimo histórico en la playa de Campos en la región de Manzanillo (Colima, México), con el objetivo de trasladar la estadística histórica de 62 años de oleaje horario a la zona costera. El análisis se ha realizado mediante la integración de diferentes herramientas numéricas, medidas instrumentales y técnicas estadísticas que en conjunto analizan los procesos relacionados con la propagación del oleaje que se suceden desde las aguas profundas hasta la costa. Esta información es susceptible de ser empleada como forzamiento de estudios costeros y portuarios de detalle. La aportación innovadora de la presente metodología es la integración de distintos modelos de propagación numérica de oleaje, el uso de algoritmos de validación de los datos de oleaje obtenidos con datos instrumentales, y el establecimiento de una técnica de hibridación que permite llevar a cabo una reconstrucción histórica del oleaje horario con 62 años de duración en la zona de estudio, con tiempos computacionales eficientes y competitivos. La metodología propuesta fácilmente puede ser adoptada como una herramienta metodológica de uso habitual en consultorías técnicas de ingeniería costera y portuaria. Como ejemplo de la explotación de las series de oleaje que esta metodología ofrece, se realiza el estudio preliminar de la evolución de la dinámica litoral en el corto (días a semanas) y largo plazos (meses, estaciones, años y décadas), en la zona del canal Tepalcates, en Manzanillo, antes y después de su ampliación.ABSTRACT. This study analyzes the historical maritime climate on the coast of Manzanillo (Colima, Mexico), in order to reconstruct 62-year hourly wave statistics for the coastal zone. The analysis was performed by integrating different numerical tools, instrumental measurements and statistical techniques to jointly analyze the processes associated with the propagation of waves from deep waters to the coast. This information is likely to be used to drive future detailed coastal and harbour studies. The innovative contribution of this methodology includes the integration of different numerical wave propagation models and the use of algorithms to validate wave data obtained with instruments, as well as the establishment of a hybrid technique that enables performing an historical wave reconstruction with 62 years of duration in the study zone and with efficient and competitive CPU times. The proposed methodology can be easily adopted as a tool that can be commonly used for technical coastal and port engineering consulting. As an example of the use of the wave series offered by this study, a preliminary study of the short- (days to weeks) and long-term (months, seasons, years and decades) evolution of coastal dynamics is presented for the Tepalcates channel in Manzanillo, before and after its expansion

Numerical validation of wave propagation, transformation and dissipation towards a harbour facility: a new bechmark case

A new set of experimental data is used in the numerical validation (2DH) of waves propagating towards a scaled harbour facility. The Laredo marina-harbour located at the North coast of Cantabria (Spain), which has lately improved by the extension of its main breakwater, was modelled in the 28 m long and 8.6 m wide directional wave basin of the Environmental Hydraulic Institute, at the University of Cantabria. For two months, different 3D tests were simulated for this harbour configuration, starting with the detailed construction of the real bathymetry contour data, and followed by the construction of the 450 m (trunk and head), of a curved rubble-mound, 1:2 slope breakwater, capped with a variable height L-shaped crownwall and the armour layer is composed of 60 ton (trunk) and 70 ton (roundhead) cubic units

Intercalary diaphysometafisary humeral reconstruction with nonvascularized peroneal graft and external fixation

Para la reconstrucción de los defectos óseos, tras la resección marginal intercalar causada por la escisión de tumores benignos o malignos de baja intensidad, se han propuesto diversas técnicas operatorias. La reconstrucción ósea intercalar con injerto autólogo peroneal no vascularizado es una de las más recomendadas. Se presentan dos pacientes, en edad pediátrica, uno de sexo masculino y otro femenino, con padecimiento de quiste óseo solitario multicameral y osteocondroma, respectivamente. Los exámenes humorales realizados resultaron normales. Los estudios radiográficos mostraron características propias de estas lesiones: imágenes redondeadas irregulares, radiotransparentes y radiodensas alternantes, esclerosis de sus bordes corticales adelgazadas intactas. Sometidos a intervenciones quirúrgicas para reconstrucción humeral intercalar diafisometafisaria con injerto peroneal no vascularizado. Para estabilizar el injerto, se utilizó la fijación externa con pines metálicos transfixiantes acoplados a un marco rígido metálico. La fase posoperatoria trascurrió sin dificultades. Seguimiento riguroso hasta la remodelación ósea y rehabilitación completa, nueve meses posteriores a las intervenciones quirúrgicas