164 research outputs found

    MagyarorszĂĄg ĂĄrvaszĂșnyog-faunĂĄjĂĄnak (Diptera: Chironomidae) jegyzĂ©ke az elƑfordulĂĄsi adatok Ă©s sajĂĄtossĂĄgok feltĂŒntetĂ©sĂ©vel | Checklist of the non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of Hungary with notes on records and peculiarity of the occurence of the species

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    Az ĂĄrvaszĂșnyogok (Chironomidae) csalĂĄdja a legjelentƑsebb vĂ­zi gerinctelen ĂĄllatcsoportok közĂ© tartozik. KĂ©pviselƑik lĂĄrvĂĄit egyarĂĄnt megtalĂĄlhatjuk ĂĄllĂłvizekben Ă©s vĂ­zfolyĂĄsokban, az ĂŒledĂ©kben Ă©s a vĂ­zinövĂ©nyzet között, sƑt egyes fajaik (pl. több Smittia faj, Axarus fungorum) terresztris Ă©lƑhelyeken (ĂŒrĂŒlĂ©kben, gombĂĄkban) fejlƑdnek. Ezen kĂ­vĂŒl ismerĂŒnk hĂ­nĂĄr- Ă©s mocsĂĄrinövĂ©nyekben aknĂĄzĂł (pl. Glyptotendipes gripekoveni), illetve gerincteleneken ektoparazita (pl. Epoicocladius flavens) lĂĄrvĂĄjĂș fajokat is. Az imĂĄgĂłk gyakran nagy csapatokban rajzanak a part menti növĂ©nyzet, illetve a vĂ­z felszĂ­ne felett. A sok Ă©s sokfĂ©le ökolĂłgiai igĂ©nyƱ faj, amelyek között szĂ©p szĂĄmmal vannak több környezeti tĂ©nyezƑre is szƱk tƱrƑkĂ©pessĂ©gƱek, nagy indikĂĄtorĂ©rtĂ©ket ad a csalĂĄdnak, s Ă­gy rendkĂ­vĂŒl jelentƑssĂ© vĂĄlnak a vĂ­zminƑsĂ©g jellemzĂ©sĂ©ben, amirƑl hazĂĄnkban is szĂĄmos munkĂĄban beszĂĄmoltak (DÉVAI 1990; DÉVAI et al. 1980, 1993, 1994; SZÍTÓ 1997a, 1997b, 1998a, 1998b, 1999c). A tavak tipizĂĄlĂĄsĂĄt is elvĂ©geztĂ©k az ĂĄrvaszĂșnyog-fauna alapjĂĄn, amelynek hazai kĂ©rdĂ©seivel BERCZIK (1957a) foglalkozott. Az ĂĄrvaszĂșnyogok fontos elemei a tĂĄplĂĄlĂ©klĂĄncnak, növĂ©nyevƑk, ragadozĂłk Ă©s törmelĂ©kevƑk egyarĂĄnt megtalĂĄlhatĂłk közöttĂŒk. JelentƑs haltĂĄplĂĄlĂ©kszervezetek (BERINKEY Ă©s FARKAS 1956; BÍRÓ P. 1974; BÍRÓ P. Ă©s B. MUSKÓ 1995; BÍRÓ P. et al. 1999, 2003; ENTZ 1957; ENTZ Ă©s LUKACSOVICS 1957; JÁSZFALUSI Ă©s PAPP 1966; SPECZIÁR Ă©s BÍRÓ P. 1999a; SPECZIÁR et al. 1997; TÁTRAI Ă©s PONYI 1976; TÖLG 1959, 1960). Az ĂĄrvaszĂșnyogok szerepe meghatĂĄrozĂł lehet az anyagforgalomban is, pĂ©ldĂĄul egy-egy kirepĂŒlĂ©s sorĂĄn jelentƑs mennyisĂ©gƱ szerves anyagot tĂĄvolĂ­thatnak el a vĂ­ztĂ©rbƑl (BERCZIK 1962b; DÉVAI 1984, 1988, 1992, 1993; DÉVAI et al. 1979; OLÁH 1976; SPECZIÁR 2000; SPECZIÁR Ă©s BÍRÓ P. 1999b; TÁTRAI 1982a, 1982b, 1985, 1986, 1989). GazdasĂĄgi jelentƑsĂ©gĂŒk sem elhanyagolhatĂł, kĂĄrtĂ©telĂŒk szĂĄmottevƑ lehet pĂ©ldĂĄul rizsföldeken (BOGNÁR 1958; BOGNÁR Ă©s NAGY 1962; MEGYERI Ă©s SZEKÉR 1957; SZEKÉR 1953; SZILVÁSSY 1963; SZILVÁSSY Ă©s SZÍTÓ 1971, 1982; SZÍTÓ 1971, 1972; ZILAHI-SEBESS 1954). JelentƑsĂ©gĂŒk ellenĂ©re a hazai faunĂĄt kevĂ©ssĂ© ismerjĂŒk, ami elsƑsorban taxonĂłmiai nehĂ©zsĂ©gekre vezethetƑ vissza. Az ĂĄrvaszĂșnyogok jelenlegi osztĂĄlyozĂĄsa az összes Ă©letstĂĄdium jellemzƑinek egyidejƱ figyelembe vĂ©telĂ©vel törtĂ©nik. Ez nem mindig volt Ă­gy, Ă©s a legĂșjabb taxonĂłmiai vizsgĂĄlatokig az ĂĄrvaszĂșnyogoknĂĄl kĂ©tfĂ©le osztĂĄlyozĂĄs lĂ©tezett. Az egyik kizĂĄrĂłlag az imĂĄgĂłk vizsgĂĄlatĂĄn alapult, ami kevĂ©s Ă©s nagy fajszĂĄmĂș gĂ©nuszt eredmĂ©nyezett. A mĂĄsik, csak a lĂĄrvĂĄk vizsgĂĄlatĂĄn alapulĂł rendszerre a sok, kis fajszĂĄmĂș gĂ©nusz volt jellemzƑ. A kĂ©tfĂ©le osztĂĄlyozĂĄs egymĂĄstĂłl elkĂŒlönĂŒlten lĂ©tezett, amely rendkĂ­vĂŒli mĂłdon megnehezĂ­ti a rĂ©gebben közölt fajok modern szemlĂ©let alapjĂĄn törtĂ©nƑ besorolĂĄsĂĄt. LeĂ­rtak fajokat bĂĄbok, illetve bĂĄbbƑrök vizsgĂĄlata alapjĂĄn is, ami tovĂĄbb bonyolĂ­tja az egyes fajok pontos taxonĂłmiai besorolĂĄsĂĄt. TovĂĄbbi gondot jelent, hogy sok taxonnĂĄl napjainkban is folyik a taxonĂłmiai revĂ­ziĂł (pl. Procladius, Einfeldia), ennek köszönhetƑen sok faj taxonĂłmiai hovatartozĂĄsa mĂ©g mindig nem egyĂ©rtelmƱ. Sok esetben (pl. Chironomus gĂ©nusz) a rokon fajok morfolĂłgiai bĂ©lyegek alapjĂĄn nem kĂŒlönĂ­thetƑk el egymĂĄstĂłl egyĂ©rtelmƱen, a biztos azonosĂ­tĂĄs csak modern taxonĂłmiai mĂłdszerek (kariolĂłgia, enzimolĂłgia, pĂĄsztĂĄzĂł elektronmikroszkĂłpia) segĂ­tsĂ©gĂ©vel vĂ©gezhetƑ el, amint erre a hazai fauna vizsgĂĄlata sorĂĄn a Chironomus fajokon DÉVAI Ă©s munkatĂĄrsai (DÉVAI et al. 1983b, 1984a; DÉVAI Ă©s PRECZNER 1985) is rĂĄmutattak. MunkĂĄnk cĂ©lja a hazai ĂĄrvaszĂșnyog-fauna minĂ©l alaposabb feltĂĄrĂĄsa Ă©s megismerĂ©se. Ennek elsƑ ĂĄllomĂĄsa a teljes hazai szakirodalom feldolgozĂĄsa, majd ennek alapjĂĄn a hazĂĄnk terĂŒletĂ©rƑl eddig leĂ­rt fajok szĂĄmbavĂ©tele Ă©s a legfrissebb taxonĂłmiai eredmĂ©nyek alapjĂĄn törtĂ©nƑ revĂ­ziĂłja volt. | The family of non-biting midges (Chironomidae) is one of the largest families of Diptera. Although it is one of the best known and studied families of dipterous flies, the knowledge on the chironomid fauna of Hungary is still largely incomplete. This is a checklist of non-biting midges found through the end of 2004 with the utmost references to their reliable records in the territory of modern Hungary. The list is based mainly on a review of the literature. During the last 104 years 227 works on Chironomidae have been published. 114 of them include faunistical data. Hitherto a total of 6 subfamilies, 96 genera and 228 species are known to occur in Hungary, and further 26 genera and 90 species are expected to occur. In addition, the list includes 34 nomina dubia and 11 names which cannot be placed in the modern classification. In the cases of all species the synonymies, the distributional and the ecological data are given and the citations on their occurrence in Hungary are listed

    ÁrvaszĂșnyog-faunisztikai (Diptera: Chironomidae) vizsgĂĄlatok felsƑ-Tisza-vidĂ©ki holtmedrekben | Faunistical investigation on non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) from backwaters at the Upper-Tisza region

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    2004-ben Ă©s 2005-ben vĂ©gzett vizsgĂĄlataink sorĂĄn kilenc felsƑ Tisza-vidĂ©ki holtmederbƑl gyƱjtöttĂŒnk ĂĄrvaszĂșnyoglĂĄrvĂĄkat. Összesen 41 taxont azonosĂ­tottunk, amelyek közĂŒl 8 a Tanypodinae, 2 az Orthocladiinae, 31 a Chironominae alcsalĂĄdba tartozott. A vizsgĂĄlt fajok közĂŒl 11 (Tanypus kraatzi, Chironomus cingulatus, Chironomus nuditarsis, Chironomus nudiventris, Dicrotendipes lobiger, Dicrotendipes notatus, Glyptotendipes viridis, Phaenopsectra flavipes, Polypedilum cultellatum, Synendotendipes impar, Synendotendipes lepidus) eddig kevesebb, mint öt lelƑhelyrƑl kerĂŒlt elƑ hazĂĄnk terĂŒletĂ©n. Emellett Ășjabb adatokkal jĂĄrultunk hozzĂĄ az eddig tisztĂĄzatlan taxonĂłmiai helyzetƱ Glyptotendipes caulicola hazai elterjedĂ©sĂ©nek megismerĂ©sĂ©hez. | In 2004 and 2005 chironomid larvae were collected from 9 backwaters of the Upper-Tisza-region. 41 chironomid taxa were identified (8 Tanypodinae, 2 Orthocladiinae, 31 Chironominae). Among the collected species 11 (Tanypus kraatzi, Chironomus cingulatus, Chironomus nuditarsis, Chironomus nudiventris, Dicrotendipes lobiger, Dicrotendipes notatus, Glyptotendipes viridis, Phaenopsectra flavipes, Polypedilum cultellatum, Synendotendipes impar, Synendotendipes lepidus) are very rare, found in less than 5 localities in Hungary. New data are given to the Hungarian distribution of the Glyptotendipes caulicola, which had a taxonomically uncleared status until now

    Recent river channel change detections in the section of the River Tisza above TiszaĂșjlak (Vilok)

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    In the section above TiszaĂșjlak, despite the presence of embankments, the River Tisza shows active meandering tendency and it splits into branches resulting in side channels, dead channels and backwaters that follow the main channel. In our work we examined the right- and the left-side riverbank sections of the River Tisza, between TiszaĂșjlak (Đ’ĐžĐ»ĐŸĐș) and TiszasĂĄsvĂĄr (ĐąŃ€ĐŸŃĐœĐžĐș), as well as between TiszaĂșjlak and TiszapĂ©terfalva (ПоĐčŃ‚Đ”Ń€Ń„ĐŸĐ»ĐČĐŸ), to reveal the extent of bar depositions between 2006 and 2015, and to what extent the intensity and direction of the riverbank formation processes were influenced by the material of the bank and the plant coverage, its rate and characteristics. We tried to reveal which sections were eroded by the river and what security risks they have for the safety of the settlements along the Tisza River. On the right side of the Tisza River riverbank 51, and on the left side 62 main measuring points were recorded by GPS positioning satellite in 2009, 2010 and 2015. Our results were compared to the satellite images of Google Earth taken in 2006, too. According to our experience, in several bends of the examined sections of the river, active bar deposition can be observed; in some cases more than 100 m of bar depositions were detected

    Dragonfly assemblages in the upper parts of the River Tisza: a comparison of larval and exuvial data in three channel types

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    We studied dragonfly assemblages in the Ukrainian section of the River Tisza, which still shows several natural (unregulated) properties. In 2010 and 2011 larvae and exuviae were collected in the vicinity of the villages Vilok (Đ’ĐžĐ»ĐŸĐș, TiszaĂșjlak), Nove Szelo (ĐĐŸĐČĐ” CĐ”Đ»ĐŸ, TiszaĂșjhely), Tiszobikeny (йОсабОĐșĐ”ĐœŃŒ, TiszabökĂ©ny) and of the towns Vinohragyiv (Đ’ĐžĐœĐŸĐłŃ€Đ°ĐŽiĐČ, NagyszƑlƑs) and Huszt (Đ„ŃƒŃŃ‚, Huszt). We collected our samples from 8 sites in the main channel, 2 sites in side channels and 3 sites in two dead channels. We collected 255 larvae and 1587 exuviae, from which 8 species of dragonflies were identified [Gomphus vulgatissimus (Linnaeus, 1758), Stylurus flavipes (Charpentier, 1825), Onychogomphus forcipatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Ophiogomphus cecilia (Fourcroy, 1785), Somatochlora metallica (van der Linden, 1825), Calopteryx splendens (Harris, 1782), Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas, 1771), and Sympecma fusca (van der Linden, 1820)]. We compared the species composition of dragonflies in the three habitats. In the case of larvae in the main channel G. vulgatissimus (48.0%), C. splendens (29.6%) and O. forcipatus (20.8%) dominated, while in the dead channels C. splendens (49.5%) and P. pennipes (23.7%) were found most frequently. In the side channels G. vulgatissimus, O. forcipatus and C. splendens were the most frequent species. S. flavipes appeared only in the main and side channels, while S. metallica and S. fusca were only detected in the dead channels

    A makrozoobentosz tĂ©r- Ă©s idƑbeli vĂĄltozĂĄsai a Tisza TiszamogyorĂłs Ă©s LĂłnya közötti keresztszelvĂ©nyĂ©ben | Changes in spatial and temporal distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates at a cross-section of the river Tisza between TiszamogyorĂłs and LĂłnya

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    A vĂ­zfolyĂĄsok vĂĄltozĂł hidrolĂłgiai jellemzƑi jelentƑsen befolyĂĄsoljĂĄk a bentikus makroszkĂłpikus gerinctelenek tĂ©r- Ă©s idƑbeli elterjedĂ©si sajĂĄtossĂĄgait (BENKE et al. 1984; BUSKENS Ă©s MOLLER PILLOT 2000; COFFMAN 1989; COGERINO et al. 1995; MATTHAEI et al. 1997). A tĂ©rbeli elterjedĂ©sben mutatkozĂł eltĂ©rĂ©sek a vĂ­zfolyĂĄs egy adott szakaszĂĄn belĂŒl jelentƑsebbek lehetnek, mint a vĂ­zfolyĂĄs teljes hosszĂĄban tekintve (DOISY Ă©s RABENI 2001; FESL 2002). Az idƑbeli eloszlĂĄsi sajĂĄtossĂĄgokat a hidrolĂłgiai tĂ©nyezƑk vĂĄltozĂĄsa mellett az Ă©lƑhelyek minƑsĂ©ge Ă©s az Ă©lƑlĂ©nyek fenolĂłgiai sajĂĄtossĂĄgai is nagy mĂ©rtĂ©kben befolyĂĄsoljĂĄk (BENKE et al. 1984; BOULTON et al. 1992; GRAY 1981; HURYN 1990). A Tisza – MagyarorszĂĄg mĂĄsodik legnagyobb folyĂłja – bentikus makroszkĂłpikus gerinctelen ĂĄllategyĂŒtteseivel Ă©s ezek összetĂ©telĂ©nek hosszszelvĂ©nyben valĂł vĂĄltozĂĄsĂĄval szĂĄmos munka foglalkozott (FERENCZ 1974a, 1974b; JUHÁSZ et al. 1998; KOVÁCS et al. 2001, 2002; SZÍTÓ 1974, 1978, 1996, 2001, 2002; SZÍTÓ Ă©s BOTOS 1989). Az ĂŒledĂ©klakĂł ĂĄllategyĂŒttes összetĂ©telĂ©nek akĂĄr tĂ©rbeli, akĂĄr idƑbeli vĂĄltozĂĄsait egy keresztszelvĂ©nyben jĂłval kevĂ©sbĂ© vizsgĂĄltĂĄk (FERENCZ 1974a). VizsgĂĄlatsorozatunk cĂ©lja az volt, hogy a Tisza egy keresztszelvĂ©nyĂ©ben leĂ­rjuk az ĂŒledĂ©klakĂł makroszkĂłpikus ĂĄllategyĂŒttes tĂ©r- Ă©s idƑbeli vĂĄltozĂĄsait. | In 2003 benthos samples were taken six times (from March to November) at a cross-section of the River Tisza between TiszamogyorĂłs and LĂłnya. Three sampling site were assigned within the cross-section based on the water depth and water velocity conditions: (1) at the main flow, (2) at midbed: at the half of the distance between the right and left bank and (3) at close to left bank. The changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of the assemblages of the benthic macroinvertebrates are described. The most diverse assemblages was detected at spring. The chironomids dominated the benthic fauna especially in summer. Our results show the importance of the habitats near the bank for the benthic macroinvertebrates

    KĂ©tszĂĄrnyĂșak (Diptera) minƑsĂ©gi Ă©s mennyisĂ©gi elƑfordulĂĄsi viszonyai egy alföldi mocsĂĄrban | Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the distribution of Diptera in a lowland marsh

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    A vĂ­zi Ă©s a vizes Ă©lƑhelyek Diptera-egyĂŒtteseirƑl viszonylag kevĂ©s ismerettel rendelkezĂŒnk. Ez elsƑsorban az azonosĂ­tĂĄsi problĂ©mĂĄkra vezethetƑ vissza, mivel a legtöbb kĂ©tszĂĄrnyĂșcsalĂĄd lĂĄrvĂĄit nem ismerjĂŒk kielĂ©gĂ­tƑen, vagy pedig a lĂĄrvĂĄk morfolĂłgiai bĂ©lyegek alapjĂĄn nem, vagy csak nagyon bizonytalanul kĂŒlönĂ­thetƑk el egymĂĄstĂłl. KĂŒlönösen keveset tudunk az ĂĄllĂłvizek növĂ©nyzete között Ă©lƑ kĂ©tszĂĄrnyĂșakrĂłl, habĂĄr ezek – kĂŒlönösen az ĂĄrvaszĂșnyogok – jelentƑs alkotĂłelemei a metafitikus Ă©lƑlĂ©nyegyĂŒtteseknek, mĂĄr csak magas egyedszĂĄmuk miatt is (pl. DANELL Ă©s SJÖBERG 1979, 1982; DVOƘAK Ă©s BEST 1982; KRECKER 1939; MARKLUND et al. 2001; SOSZKA 1975; VOIGTS 1976). MagyarorszĂĄgon kvantitatĂ­v vizsgĂĄlataik sorĂĄn ENTZ (1947), ANDRIKOVICS (1973a, 1973b), BÍRÓ Ă©s GULYÁS (1974) mĂĄs makroszkĂłpikus gerinctelenek mellett a kĂŒlönbözƑ vĂ­zi- Ă©s mocsĂĄrinövĂ©nyzet-tĂ­pusokban Ă©lƑ kĂ©tszĂĄrnyĂșlĂĄrvĂĄk mennyisĂ©gi elƑfordulĂĄsi viszonyairĂłl is megĂĄllapĂ­tĂĄsokat tettek. Kifejezetten kĂ©tszĂĄrnyĂșak ilyen szempontĂș vizsgĂĄlatĂĄval eddig csak kĂ©t munka foglalkozott: FÖLDESI Ă©s munkatĂĄrsai (2003) a katonalegyek, MÓRA Ă©s munkatĂĄrsai (2003) az ĂĄrvaszĂșnyogok elƑfordulĂĄsi jellegzetessĂ©geit elemeztĂ©k. A HortobĂĄgy MagyarorszĂĄg egyik legkĂŒlönlegesebb tĂĄjegysĂ©ge, több vĂ­ztĂ©rtĂ­pus (pl. mocsĂĄr, tömpöly, Ă©r) sajĂĄtos, elsƑsorban erre a terĂŒletre jellemzƑ szikes vĂĄltozatĂĄval. KĂŒlönlegessĂ©gĂŒk ellenĂ©re ezeknek a vĂ­ztereknek a vĂ­zi makroszkĂłpikus gerinctelen faunĂĄjĂĄrĂłl igen keveset tudunk (CSÁNYI et al. 1996; MAHUNKA 1981, 1983). KĂŒlönösen igaz ez a megĂĄllapĂ­tĂĄs a vĂ­zi Diptera-fajok esetĂ©ben, amelyekrƑl csak nĂ©hĂĄny szĂłrvĂĄnyos faunisztikai adat ĂĄll rendelkezĂ©sĂŒnkre (CSÁNYI et al. 1996; DÉVAI et al. 1983; FÖLDESI et al. 2003, KIEFFER 1919; MAHUNKA 1981, 1983; ZILAHI-SEBESS 1944). TanulmĂĄnyunk fƑ cĂ©lja, hogy mennyisĂ©gi mintavĂ©tellel vĂ©gzett vizsgĂĄlatsorozatunk eredmĂ©nyei alapjĂĄn bemutassuk egy hortobĂĄgyi szikes jellegƱ, asztatikus mocsĂĄr kĂŒlönbözƑ struktĂșrĂĄjĂș sĂĄsĂĄllomĂĄnyaiban Ă©lƑ Diptera-fajok tĂ©rbeli mennyisĂ©gi elƑfordulĂĄsi viszonyait Ă©s ennek idƑbeli vĂĄltozĂĄsait. | A quantitative investigation was carried out weekly by close-andharvest method in two sedge stands of the marsh HagymĂĄs-lapos with different vegetation structures (Carex riparia and C. disticha dominated stands) near TiszafĂŒred. A total of 14 547 specimens belonging 14 dipteran families were collected (Limoniidae, Psychodidae, Chaoboridae, Culicidae, Dixidae, Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae, Cecidomyiidae, Tabanidae, Stratiomyidae, Syrphidae, Sciomyzidae, Ephydridae, Muscidae). The mean number of specimens was highest in spring and shows decreasing tendency till the end of the investigation. The family Chironomidae was the dominant. There was significant difference between the two sedge stands based on the mean number of specimens of Chaoboridae, Culicidae, Dixidae, Ceratopogonidae, Stratiomyidae, Syrphidae and Sciomyzidae. The Dixidae and the Culicidae were significant quantitative characteristic families for the C. riparia stands, and the Ceratopogonidae, the Syrphidae and the Sciomyzidae were the significant characteristic families for the C. disticha stands. The number of specimens was mainly effected by water depth, the distance to the next open water surface and the patch size in the C. riparia stands and by the dry weight of the vegetation, the distance to the next open water surface, the distance from the bank, the distance to a watercourse and the water depth in C. disticha stands
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