45,373 research outputs found
Bell-Type Quantum Field Theories
In [Phys. Rep. 137, 49 (1986)] John S. Bell proposed how to associate
particle trajectories with a lattice quantum field theory, yielding what can be
regarded as a |Psi|^2-distributed Markov process on the appropriate
configuration space. A similar process can be defined in the continuum, for
more or less any regularized quantum field theory; such processes we call
Bell-type quantum field theories. We describe methods for explicitly
constructing these processes. These concern, in addition to the definition of
the Markov processes, the efficient calculation of jump rates, how to obtain
the process from the processes corresponding to the free and interaction
Hamiltonian alone, and how to obtain the free process from the free Hamiltonian
or, alternatively, from the one-particle process by a construction analogous to
"second quantization." As an example, we consider the process for a second
quantized Dirac field in an external electromagnetic field.Comment: 53 pages LaTeX, no figure
Reproductive Wastage in Recurrent Partial Hydatidiform Mole: A Clinical Dilemma.
Recurrent partial Hydatidiform mole is an extremely rare clinical entity which represent a part of the gestational trophoblatic neoplasia spectrum. Since the first case was reported by Honore. LM in 1987 about eight cases of , recurrent partial moles have been reported in the English medical literature. Present two cases are the 9th and 10th case with recurrent partial moles to be described. We have discussed the aetiology, environmental factors, dietary habits , clinicopathologic features, the clinical dielemmas faced by us while counselling, follow up and pregnancy outcome in women presenting with two and three recurrent partial moles respectively. We have also reviewed the literature
Are All Particles Identical?
We consider the possibility that all particles in the world are fundamentally
identical, i.e., belong to the same species. Different masses, charges, spins,
flavors, or colors then merely correspond to different quantum states of the
same particle, just as spin-up and spin-down do. The implications of this
viewpoint can be best appreciated within Bohmian mechanics, a precise
formulation of quantum mechanics with particle trajectories. The implementation
of this viewpoint in such a theory leads to trajectories different from those
of the usual formulation, and thus to a version of Bohmian mechanics that is
inequivalent to, though arguably empirically indistinguishable from, the usual
one. The mathematical core of this viewpoint is however rather independent of
the detailed dynamical scheme Bohmian mechanics provides, and it amounts to the
assertion that the configuration space for N particles, even N
``distinguishable particles,'' is the set of all N-point subsets of physical
3-space.Comment: 12 pages LaTeX, no figure
Chronic pain assessments in children and adolescents : a systematic literature review of the selection, administration, interpretation, and reporting of unidimensional pain intensity scales
Background. Advances in pain assessment approaches now indicate which measures should be used to capture chronic pain experiences in children and adolescents. However, there is little guidance on how these tools should best be administered and reported, such as which time frames to use or how pain scores are categorised as mild, moderate, or severe. Objective. To synthesise current evidence on unidimensional, single-item pain intensity scale selection, administration, interpretation, and reporting. Methods. Databases were searched (inception: 18 January 2016) for studies in which unidimensional pain intensity assessments were used with children and adolescents with chronic pain. Ten quality criteria were developed by modifying existing recommendations to evaluate the quality of administration of pain scales most commonly used with children. Results. Forty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. The highest score achieved was 7 out of a possible 10 (median: 5; IQR: 4–6). Usage of scales varied markedly in administrator/completer, highest anchors, number of successive assessments, and time referent periods used. Conclusions. Findings suggest these scales are selected, administered, and interpreted inconsistently, even in studies of the same type. Furthermore, methods of administration are rarely reported or justified making it impossible to compare findings across studies. This article concludes by recommending criteria for the future reporting of paediatric chronic pain assessments in studies
On the Role of Density Matrices in Bohmian Mechanics
It is well known that density matrices can be used in quantum mechanics to
represent the information available to an observer about either a system with a
random wave function (``statistical mixture'') or a system that is entangled
with another system (``reduced density matrix''). We point out another role,
previously unnoticed in the literature, that a density matrix can play: it can
be the ``conditional density matrix,'' conditional on the configuration of the
environment. A precise definition can be given in the context of Bohmian
mechanics, whereas orthodox quantum mechanics is too vague to allow a sharp
definition, except perhaps in special cases. In contrast to statistical and
reduced density matrices, forming the conditional density matrix involves no
averaging. In Bohmian mechanics with spin, the conditional density matrix
replaces the notion of conditional wave function, as the object with the same
dynamical significance as the wave function of a Bohmian system.Comment: 16 pages LaTeX, no figure
Analisis Proses Produksi Siaran Langsung Program Acara Televisi “Ruang Sahabat Keluarga” di Rbtv
Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan teknologi komunikasi memberikan kontribusi yang amat besar terhadap kemajuan dan pengembangan industri media televisi. Hal ini kaitannya televisi dalam menyajikan acara yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pemirsanya, pada saat ini membutuhkan format acara-acara televisi yang di dalamnya terdapat unsur-unsur pendidikan, penerangan, hiburan, maupun promosi. Seiring dengan otonomi daerah dan semangat menciptakan TV yang sesuai dengan masyarakat Yogyakarta sebagai kota pelajar, budaya dan tujuan wisata, maka kehadiran RBTV sangat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat pemirsa maupun industri pendukung pertelevisian (Rumah Produksi, Penyelenggara Acara, Periklanan dan lain-lain). Salah satu acara RBTV yang mempunyai format live (on air) talk show adalah “RUANG SAHABAT KELUARGA” Dengan adanya skripsi ini, semoga khalayak penonton dapat memilih acara televisi yang baik untuk pribadi, sahabat dan keluarga. Masyarakat yang belum tahu tentang dunia broadcast pun akan menjadi tahu lebih detail proses siaran televisi. Kata-kunci: Teknologi komunikasi, Informasi, televis
After Recess: Historical Practice, Textual Ambiguity, and Constitutional Adverse Possession
The Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Recess Appointments Clause in NLRB v. Noel Canning stands as one of the Supreme Court’s most significant endorsements of the relevance of “historical gloss” to the interpretation of the separation of powers. This Article uses the decision as a vehicle for examining the relationship between interpretive methodology and historical practice, and between historical practice and textual ambiguity. As the Article explains, Noel Canning exemplifies how the constitutional text, perceptions about clarity or ambiguity, and “extra-textual” considerations such as historical practice operate interactively rather than as separate elements of interpretation. The decision also provides a useful entry point into critically analyzing the concept of constitutional “liquidation,” which the majority in Noel Canning seemed to conflate with historical gloss but which seems more consistent with the approach to historical practice reflected in Justice Scalia’s concurrence in the judgment. Finally, this Article argues that the historical gloss approach, when applied cautiously and with sensitivity to the potential concerns raised by Justice Scalia and others, is not vulnerable to the charge of licensing executive aggrandizement by “adverse possession.
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