Protective Effect of Abutilon indicum L. (Malvaceae) Against Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Cisplatin (CDDP) is an effective antineoplastic agent in the treatment of solid malignant tumors. But, Its clinical use is limited because of various side effects including sensorineural hearing loss. Several agents have been proposed to reduce these side effects.  The present study reported that the etanolic extract of Abutilon indicum scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, resulting in a reduction of lipid peroxidation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate EEAI's efficacy as a protective agent against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Albino wistar rats were used in this study and were divided into five treatment groups: 1) animals administered 2% v/v aqueous tween 80 solution (5ml/kg, p.o) – control sroup(Group I), 2) animals administered 2% v/v aqueous tween 80 solution (5ml/kg, p.o) + 6 mg/kg via the                                               i.p route of Cisplatin (Group II), 3) animals received Cystone (5ml/kg, p.o) [Standard] (Group III), 4) animals received 200 mg/kg EEAI suspended in 2% v/v aqueous tween 80 solution, p.o + 6 mg/kg, i.p of cisplatin (Group IV), 5) animals received 400 mg/kg EEAI suspended in 2% v/v aqueous tween 80 solution, p.o 6 mg/kg, i.p of cisplatin (Group V). The protective effect of EEAI on CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity was evaluated. Nephrotoxicity was evaluated by means of measurement of serum BUN and creatinine and histopathological examination of the kidney. There were significant differences in serum BUN and creatinine levels between control Group and cisplatin treated Groups. The result suggested that EEAI at 200 and 400mg/kg administered 7 days before cisplatin treatment significantly prevented the increase of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, total proteins, total cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin concentrations and markedly decreased cisplatin-induced renal damage as confirmed by biochemical assays and histopathological studies. In the present study, Key words:Antioxidants, Cisplatin, nephrotoxiciity, Abutilon indicu

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ABUTILON INDICUM L. (MALVACEAE) AGAINST ACETAMINOPHEN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS

Acetaminophen overdose can cause nephrotoxicity with oxidative stress as one of the possible mechanisms. The effects of ethanolic extract of Abutilon Indicum[200 mg per kg of body weight (mg/kg) and 400 mg/kg] on Acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity were evaluated. Rats were divided into five groups containing 6 rats each. The control group received distilled water while other groups were treated with extract alone (400 mg/kg), Acetaminophen alone (750 mg/kg), 750 mg/kg Acetaminophen+200 mg/kg extract (Acetaminophen+ 200-extract), and 750 mg/kg Acetaminophen+400 mg/kg extract (Acetaminophen+400-extract), respectively, for seven consecutive days. The EEAI was given orally concurrent with oral administration of Acetaminophen Treatment with EEAI at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg prevented the Acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative impairments of the kidney, as evidenced by a significantly reduced (P<0.05) level of Serum creatinine, BUN, serum alkaline phosphatase, Serum uric acid, serum total proteins and total cholesterol. The nephroprotective effects of EEAI were confirmed by a reduced intensity of renal cellular damage, as evidenced by histological findings. Moreover, EEAI administered at 400 mg/kg was found to show greater protective effects than that at 200 mg/kg. In conclusion, EEAI has a protective role against Acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity and the process is probably mediated through its antioxidant properties.Key words: Antioxidants, Cisplatin, nephrotoxiciity, Abutilon indicu

Statistical Analysis and Deep Learning Associated Modeling for Early stage Detection of Carinoma

The high death rate and overall complexity of the cancer epidemic is a global health crisis. Progress in cancer prediction based on gene expression has increased in light of the speedy advancement using modern high-throughput sequencing methods and a wide range of machine learning techniques, bringing insights into efficient and precise treatment decision-making. Therefore, it is of significant interest to create machine learning systems that accurately identify cancer patients and healthy people. Although several classification systems have been applied to cancer prediction, no single strategy has proven superior. This research shows how to apply deep learning to an optimization method that uses numerous machine learning models. Statistical analysis has helped us choose informative genes, and we've been feeding those to five different categorization models. The results from the five different classifiers are ensembled in the next step using a deep learning technique. The three most common types of adenocarcinoma are those of the lungs, stomach, and breasts. The suggested deep learning-based inter-ensembles model was tested with deep learning-based algorithms on Carcinoma data. The results of the tests show that relative to using only one set of classifiers or the simple consensus algorithm, it improves the precision of cancer prognosis in every analyzed carcinoma dataset. The suggested deep learning-based inter-ensemble approach is demonstrated to be reliable and efficient for cancer diagnosis by entirely using diverse classifiers

Intergeneric hybridization in pigeonpea. I. Effect of hormone treatments

Attempts to cross Cajanus cajan with Atylosia albicans, A. cajanifolia, A. grandifolia, A. mollis, A. platycarpa, A. sericea and A. volubilis resulted in varying degrees of success. Hormone treatment (gibberellic acid and kinetin) increased pod-set and the number of seeds per pod. Hormone treatment among the unsuccessful crosses delayed bud drop by 3–4 days, which prolonged ovule development. Our results indicate that treatment with hormones helps post-fertilization development and leads to improvement in the rate of crossing succes

Intergeneric hybridization in pigeonpea. II. Effect of cultivar on crossability and hybrid fertility

Eight species of Atylosia hybridized with Cajanus cajan L. Millsp. with varying degrees of success when Cajanus was the female parent. The cultivar of the Cajanus parent influenced both the species crossability and hybrid fertility. Variation in the extent of species crossability and hybrid fertility was less pronounced in Cajanus × Atylosia crosses involving Cajanus cultivars derived from a common female background

Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRDs and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of CRDs, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and other CRDs, from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories. Deaths and DALYs from CRDs attributable to each risk factor were estimated according to relative risks, risk exposure, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Findings: In 2019, CRDs were the third leading cause of death responsible for 4.0 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 3.6–4.3) with a prevalence of 454.6 million cases (417.4–499.1) globally. While the total deaths and prevalence of CRDs have increased by 28.5% and 39.8%, the age-standardised rates have dropped by 41.7% and 16.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. COPD, with 212.3 million (200.4–225.1) prevalent cases, was the primary cause of deaths from CRDs, accounting for 3.3 million (2.9–3.6) deaths. With 262.4 million (224.1–309.5) prevalent cases, asthma had the highest prevalence among CRDs. The age-standardised rates of all burden measures of COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis have reduced globally from 1990 to 2019. Nevertheless, the age-standardised rates of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased throughout this period. Low- and low-middle SDI countries had the highest age-standardised death and DALYs rates while the high SDI quintile had the highest prevalence rate of CRDs. The highest deaths and DALYs from CRDs were attributed to smoking globally, followed by air pollution and occupational risks. Non-optimal temperature and high body-mass index were additional risk factors for COPD and asthma, respectively. Interpretation: Albeit the age-standardised prevalence, death, and DALYs rates of CRDs have decreased, they still cause a substantial burden and deaths worldwide. The high death and DALYs rates in low and low-middle SDI countries highlights the urgent need for improved preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Global strategies for tobacco control, enhancing air quality, reducing occupational hazards, and fostering clean cooking fuels are crucial steps in reducing the burden of CRDs, especially in low- and lower-middle income countries

Analysis of Wear Behaviour on AISI 431 Martensitic Stainless Steel by Vacuum Annealing Process

In the research work, AISI 431 grade stainless steel were chosen to investigate the effects of vacuum annealing processes on reducing hardness and enhancing ductility. Although stainless steel of martensitic type are well known for their high hardness, wear resistance and they have limited applications due to high hardness properties. Chosen for this research work, vacuum annealing were carried out to temperatures of 740°C, 840°C and 940°C. The samples were prepared cylindrically to a dimension of 40 mm length and 10 mm diameter. An untreated material was kept aside for comparison.Vacuum annealing involves heating the material in a controlled environment to eliminate impurities and relieve internal stresses, resulting in reduced hardness and improved ductility. To evaluate the effect of wear on annealed material, a pin-on-disc wear test apparatus were used. The wear behavior of the annealed specimens were compared to the untreated material. It includes both the treated and untreated samples, were examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to obtain images of microstructure. The results of this research work contribute to the understanding of the annealing effects on martensitic stainless steels and provide insights into optimizing their properties for specific applications

Energy-efficient routing transmission for IoT based wireless body sensor network for health care monitoring system

Body Sensor Networks are very useful in medical services for theidentification ofhealth concerns.In the human body, heterogeneous sensor nodes are used to measure data such as blood glucose, pulse,ECG, etc.Sensors are placed on patients to continually monitor their health status.Patients' smart gadgets with web access serve as gateways tothe internet of things-based WBANs.With the increasing usage of IoT-based body sensor networks, a large volume of health data traffic will develop, necessitating the need for a high consumption efficiency system for radio resource management.One of the most essential parameters in Energy Efficient Routing Transmission (EERT) design for the Internet of Things is reducing energy usage and longer network lifespan by sensor nodes using ad hoc networks. Data from sensor nodes is sent to a sink node via intermediary nodes. End-users can use the information accessible in the sink node for additional analysis.The remaining energy balances energy usage across nodes, and the distance parameter assures effective delivery of packets to the base station.Depending on the outcomes of data packet queuing up, a technique for arranging data packet transfers for medical applications with delay limits is being considered

Seroprevalence of Blood-borne Viral Infections in Post HAART Era at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: A Five Year Trend Analysis (2008- 2012) and a Comprehensive Review

Aim: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) viruses are the major causes of chronic viral infections globally and their prevalence has been extensively reported in the literature in various study groups including general population, health care workers, sex workers, homosexuals, pregnant woman. There are only fewer reports of Seroprevalence in tertiary care centers. We aim to study the trends of such infections in a tertiary care teaching hospital located at South India. Study Design: This is a prospective study conducted over a 5 year period (2008-2012). Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Andhrapradesh, India from 2008-2012. Methodology: We performed a prospective study of patients presenting at the Prathima institute of medical Sciences, a rural tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 5- years (Jan 2008 to Dec 2012). Screening for anti-HIV I and 2, HBsAg detection and anti- HCV antibodies test were carried out by commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Of the 16796 individuals tested a total of 570 (3.3%) showed seropositivity to one of the three viral infections tested. Among the population tested 258(1.5%) were seropositive for antibodies against HIV-1, and none showed HIV-2 seroprevalence (0%). Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C were found as 305(1.8%) and 7(0.04%) respectively. Co-infection of HIV-1 with Hepatitis B was observed only in 10(0.06%) cases. Conclusion: The present study revealed that there was a slight increasing trend for Seroprevalence of HIV- 1 antibodies among the tested population. Hepatitis B surface antigen Seroprevalence has shown a gradual increase during the last five years. Seroprevalence rates of Hepatitis C viral infection also showed an increasing trend through a five year period

Assessment of eco-sustainability vis-à-vis zoo-technical attributes of soybean meal (SBM) replacement with varying levels of coated urea in Nellore sheep (Ovis aries).

The contemporary environmental-stewardship programmes primarily aimed at curbing the global warming potential by adopting a multidisciplinary approach. Manipulating the feeding strategies has great potential in reducing the environmental footprints of livestock production. This study intends to assess the effect of soybean meal (SBM) replacement with varying levels of coated urea (SRU) on both zoo-technical (nutrient digestibility, heat increment, and physio-biochemical parameters) and environmental attributes. The coated urea was used to replace the SBM at 0, 25, 50, and 75 percent levels. Eight adult rams (43.02 ± 0.76) maintained in a conventional shed were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design. Not all the physiological parameters viz. rectal temperature, pulse rate, and respiratory rate were affected (P>0.05)f by varying levels of SRU incorporation. The SRU fed animals had higher (P<0.05) crude protein digestibility compared to SBM fed animals; however, the replacements did not affect the nutrient digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, NFC, NDFap, ADF, and hemicellulose components. The SRU did not affect various biochemical parameters such as serum glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, Ca, P and T3, and T4 levels; however, post-prandial serum urea N (SUN) values showed a diurnal quadratic pattern (P<0.05) with a dose-dependent relationship. Further, the SBM replacements had no effect on the calcium excretion, while the SRU incorporation decreased the faecal phosphorous content, thereby abating the eutrophication phenomenon. Although the SBM replacements did not affect in vivo water variables and faecal solid fractions, they managed to decrease the land and virtual water requirement along with global warming potential (GWP) of the entire trial. The GWP-perceptual map unveils the fact that replacement of conventional feed ingredients with NPN compounds aids in eco-friendly livestock production. Further, the conjectural analysis of the carbon footprint methodology revealed that agricultural by-products consideration could cause a huge increase in the GWP share of feed consumed, thus compelling the importance of research pertaining to feed production perspective as equal as ruminal methane amelioration