Competitive Pressure, Incentives and Managerial Rewards

The paper examines the equilibrium relationship between managerial incentives and product market competition in imperfectly competitive industries. In a simple managerial economy, where owners simultaneously choose reward schemes and managers are privately informed on firms. production technologies, it is showed that a competing-contracts effect, at play under high powered incentive schemes (contracts based on firms’ profits), may induce competitive pressure to elicit managerial effort. An inverted-U shaped relationship between product market competition, managerial effort and agency costs thus obtains when contracts are based on firms’ profits. Remarkably, whenever competition is strong enough, low powered incentive schemes (contracts based on production costs) may survive in equilibrium with detrimental effects on welfare.competing contracts, cost-target, managerial .rms, pro.t-target, product market competition, vertical hierarchies, X-inefficiency

XRF analysis of major and minor elements in silicate rocks using fused glass discs at high dilution ratio

XRF analysis of major and minor elements in silicate rocks using fused glass discs at high dilution ratio. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is an accurate, rapid spectroscopic technique for chemical element determinations on rock samples. The aim of this research was to evaluate a calibration method for the determination of major and minor elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe) in silicate rocks using fused glass discs with a 1:30 sample/borate dilution. The analytical method has been calibrated by using forty-two international rock standards. The accuracy appears acceptable for many mineralogical and petrographic purposes. A high dilution ratio makes possible the use of a small amount of sample (225 mg) to obtain good castings in high-melting materials. By contrast, the decrease of the analytical intensity makes not easy the determination of trace elements at the typical concentration levels of geological samples

Large Follicular Cyst Associated with Upper Third Molar in the Maxillary Sinus with Pterygomaxillary Space Extension: Reflection on a Case Report

BACKGROUND: Follicular cysts are osteolytic lesions characterized by greater growth, differentiation, and degeneration potentials, compared to inflammatory root cysts. Those connected to upper third molars can disrupt the neighboring teeth and extend to maxillary sinus and adjacent anatomical structures. CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, we present a case of a large dimension follicular cyst associated with the upper third molar, extended to maxillary antrum and pterygomaxillary space, uncommon for dimensions, involving meso- and sovra-structure describing the clinical diagnostic procedures, and the surgical strategies adopted. The cone-beam computed tomography allowed a very accurate analysis of the lesion. Surgical excision was performed through Caldwell-Luc technique, approaching to the pterygomaxillary space. A 1-year follow-up shows good clinical, anatomical, and functional conditions. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of follicular cyst. CONCLUSION: Giant follicular cysts require an accurate pre-operative study due to the delicate structures that may be involved

Is the Mandibular Condyle Involved in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw? Audit of a Single Tertiary Referral Center and Literature Review

Background: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) may manifest as exposed mandible bone. Recent reviews of the incidence of MRONJ report primarily as exposed cortical bone of the mandibular body, ramus, and symphysis with no reports of condylar involvement. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the topographical incidence of MRONJ, comorbidities, demographics data, and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with MRONJ between 2014 and 2019 in the Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", and compare these results with published reports. Methods: Data on 179 patients were collected for the study, including gender, age, underlying malignancy, medical history, and specific lesion location-identifying premaxilla and posterior sectors area involvement for the maxilla and symphysis, body, ramus, and condyle area for the mandible. A literature review was performed in order to compare our results with similar or higher sample sizes and find if any condylar involvement was ever reported. The research was carried out on PubMed database identifying articles from January 2003 to November 2020, where MRONJ site distribution was discussed, and data were examined to scan for condylar localization reports. Results: 30 patients had maxillary MRONJ, 136 patients had mandibular MRONJ, and 13 patients had lesions located in both maxilla and mandible. None of the patients reported condylar involvement, neither as a single site nor as an additional localization. Literature review results were coherent to our findings showing no mention of condylar MRONJ. Conclusion: Results do not show reports of condylar involvement in MRONJ. Although the pathophysiology of the disease has not been fully elucidated, two possible explanations were developed: the first one based on the condyle embryogenetic origin; the second one based on the bisphosphonate and anti-resorptive medications effects on the different vascular patterns of the mandible areas

Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst of the Oral Cavity: A Clinical Case and Current Updates on the Ethiopathogenesis

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Defining and Measuring the Success of Service Contracts

MBA Professional ReportServices acquisition in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has continued to increase in scope and dollars in the past decade. The DoD has spent more on services than on supplies, equipment and goods together, totaling approximately 57% of total acquisition expenditures and nearly a third of the total DoD budget. As a result, the agency must give greater attention to the management of services acquisition. Stakeholder theory illustrates how acquisition team members often have conflicting goals and objectives, leading to differing definitions and measurements of a successful service contact. We used stakeholder theory to address the following questions (1) how are successful service contracts within the DoD being defined by different stakeholders, (2) how are service contracts being measured within the DoD by different stakeholders, (3) how should service contracts be defined and measured within the DoD. We conducted 41 interviews and surveys of key stakeholders. Our findings reveal no standardized definition or measurements for success of service contracts. However, some salient characterstics of definitions are schedule, maintain costs, and well defined requirements. With respect to measurements, relevant characteristics included performance and cost. Furthermore, we provide recommendations on establishing standardized definitions and measurements of success.http://archive.org/details/definingndmeasur109457386Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy,Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy,Lieutenant Commander, United States NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

NanoTite surface implants stability in the anorganic bovine bone grafted maxillary sinus mesured by resonance frequeny analysis: 3 years report

Aim: The primary aim of this study were to: investigate value and possible advantages in terms of survival nanotite surface implants used in critical bone conditions such as the severely atrophic posterior maxilla simultaneously reconstruction with sinus floor elevation technique utilizing nonabsorbable membrane and anorganic bovine bone as only graft material, and examine the reliability of resonance frequency analysis measurements to assess and monitor implant stability also in such cases. Materials and Methods. Five consecutive patients presenting severely atrophic posterior maxillae were treated with 12 Nanotite surface implants in conjunction with sinus lifting using nonasorbable membrane and Bio-oss as only graft material. Resonance frequency analysis measurements was carried out at implant placement and four months and three years postoperatively. Results: At 3-year follow up the survival rate of nanotite surface implants was 100%. RFA mean value was 58.75 implant stability quotient at implant placement time and gradually increased during the examination time ending with an average ISQ of 75 at 3 year follow up. Conclusions: Althoug the present investigation is based on a limited sample, its results support the possible benefits of utilizing nanotite surface implants in case of implant placement and simultaneous reconstruction of the severely atrophic posterior maxilla through sinus elevation technique. Resonance frequence analysis system appears to be a reliable method to assess and monitor implant stability also in case case of severely atrophic posterior maxilla simultaneously grafted with anorganic bovine bone alone