Factorial structure and reliability of a Perceived Influence on selection of a specialized plan of studies, IPEP, in secondary school students of Chillán, Chile

The process of vocational election is influenced by internal and external factors. However, there is no evidence of the influences on the election process of a specialized plan of studies that secondary students have to cope in the tenth year of the Chilean educational regular system. To evaluate these factors, the scale of perceived influences on the election of a specialized plan of studies, IPEP, was built and in this study its factorial structure and reliability were evaluated. The instrument was applied to 115 students, chosen by quote sampling. They were students of a subsidized private secondary school from the city of Chillan, Chile. An exploratory factorial analysis identified eight factors in the scale IPEP: Academic projection, Personal development, Maintenance of the social environment, Academic requirements, Satisfaction of others’ expectations, Vocational information, Image of the plan and Family pressure. The results present an initial factorial structure, that empirically and theoretically adequate, whose factors were reliable and conceptually useful. These factors distinguish psychogenic and sociogenic aspects of the vocational process, and allow to initiate diagnostic and investigative actions in relation to this early vocational election that is established in secondary schools of the Chilean educational system.Facultad de Psicologí

Factorial structure and reliability of a Perceived Influence on selection of a specialized plan of studies, IPEP, in secondary school students of Chillán, Chile

The process of vocational election is influenced by internal and external factors. However, there is no evidence of the influences on the election process of a specialized plan of studies that secondary students have to cope in the tenth year of the Chilean educational regular system. To evaluate these factors, the scale of perceived influences on the election of a specialized plan of studies, IPEP, was built and in this study its factorial structure and reliability were evaluated. The instrument was applied to 115 students, chosen by quote sampling. They were students of a subsidized private secondary school from the city of Chillan, Chile. An exploratory factorial analysis identified eight factors in the scale IPEP: Academic projection, Personal development, Maintenance of the social environment, Academic requirements, Satisfaction of others’ expectations, Vocational information, Image of the plan and Family pressure. The results present an initial factorial structure, that empirically and theoretically adequate, whose factors were reliable and conceptually useful. These factors distinguish psychogenic and sociogenic aspects of the vocational process, and allow to initiate diagnostic and investigative actions in relation to this early vocational election that is established in secondary schools of the Chilean educational system.Facultad de Psicologí

Audiovestibulogram: a practical way to see all the results

Introduction and objective: The ear or cochleovestibular organ is a multifrecuency organ, and therefore should be regarded as an embryological, anatomical, physiological, and clinical unit. Objective: to develop an audiovestibular primer where the results obtained in the different studies that value the ear as a whole can be uploaded. Method: Starting from a typical audiogram chart and list of signs, we extended the range of frequencies tested and added a roster of others studies: PTA, tympanometry, stapedius reflex test, electrocochleography, VEMPs, mastoid vibratory test, video head impulse test, rotational test, caloric test and central oculomotor command test. Discussion: This form of data presentation, although it is not complete, gives most of the diagnoses. At first sight it generates information overload to the specialist, requiring a minimum of training. Conclusions: This data-rich report offers information from the main cochleovestibular studies and their respective normal ranges and can be easily read by specialist without any specific training.RESUMEN Introducción y objetivo: El oído (órgano cócleovestibular) es un órgano multifrecuen-ciaL. Por lo tanto, debe verse a este órgano como lo que es: una unidad embriológica, anatómica, fisiológica y clínica. Objetivo: desarrollar una cartilla audiovestibular don-de se puedan volcar los resultados obtenidos en los diferentes estudios que valoran al oído como un todo. Método: Se tomó como base la cartilla audiométrica y su sim-bología clásica, extendiendo su rango frecuencial y colocando los diferentes estu-dios a documentar: audiometría tonal liminal, impedanciometría, reflejo estapedial, electrococleografía, potenciales miogénicos vestibulares, test vibracional, video head impulse test, prueba rotatoria, prueba calórica y comandos oculomotores centrales. Discusión: Esta forma de presentación de datos, si bien no es completa, otorga la mayoría de los estudios de diagnóstico audiovestibulares. A primera vista genera sobrecarga de información al especialista, requiriendo un mínimo de entrenamiento. Conclusiones: Se trata de una cartilla de documentación única de los principales estudios cócleovestibulares, con sus respectivas referencias de normalidad, para ser presentada ante el especialista en una sola imagen requiriendo un mínimo de entre-namiento

Factorial structure and reliability of a Perceived Influence on selection of a specialized plan of studies, IPEP, in secondary school students of Chillán, Chile

The process of vocational election is influenced by internal and external factors. However, there is no evidence of the influences on the election process of a specialized plan of studies that secondary students have to cope in the tenth year of the Chilean educational regular system. To evaluate these factors, the scale of perceived influences on the election of a specialized plan of studies, IPEP, was built and in this study its factorial structure and reliability were evaluated. The instrument was applied to 115 students, chosen by quote sampling. They were students of a subsidized private secondary school from the city of Chillan, Chile. An exploratory factorial analysis identified eight factors in the scale IPEP: Academic projection, Personal development, Maintenance of the social environment, Academic requirements, Satisfaction of others’ expectations, Vocational information, Image of the plan and Family pressure. The results present an initial factorial structure, that empirically and theoretically adequate, whose factors were reliable and conceptually useful. These factors distinguish psychogenic and sociogenic aspects of the vocational process, and allow to initiate diagnostic and investigative actions in relation to this early vocational election that is established in secondary schools of the Chilean educational system.Facultad de Psicologí

Estrutura fatorial e confiabilidade da Escala de Influências Percebidas na Escolha de um programa diferenciado, IPEP, nos estudantes de enseno médio de Chillán, Chile

Los procesos de elección vocacional son influidos por factores individuales y externos al sujeto, no obstante no existe evidencia de cuál es su influencia en la elección del plan diferenciado de estudios al que, en el sistema educacional chileno, se debe ingresar en tercero medio. Para evaluar estos factores, se construyó la escala de Influencias Percibidas en la Elección de un Plan Diferenciado, IPEP, y en esta investigación se evaluó su estructura factorial y confiabilidad. El instrumento fue aplicado a 115 alumnos, elegidos mediante muestreo por cuotas, que cursaban tercer año medio en un colegio particular subvencionado de la cuidad de Chillán, Chile. A partir de un análisis factorial exploratorio se identificó ocho factores en la escala IPEP: Proyección académica, Desarrollo personal, Mantención del entorno social, Exigencia académica, Satisfacción de expectativas de otros, Información vocacional, Imagen del plan y Presión Familiar. Los resultados presentan evidencia inicial de una estructura factorial empírica y teóricamente adecuada, cuyos factores son internamente consistentes y conceptualmente útiles, ya que distinguen aspectos psicogénicos y sociogénicos de la toma de decisiones vocacionales, permitiendo iniciar acciones diagnósticas e investigativas en torno a esta decisión vocacional que el sistema educativo establece en medio de la educación secundaria.O processo de eleição vocacional é influenciada por fatores internos e externos. No entanto, não há evidências das influências sobre o processo eleitoral de um plano de estudos especializados que alunos do ensino secundário têm de lidar no décimo ano do sistema educacional chileno regular. Para avaliar esses fatores, a escala de influências percebidas sobre a eleição de um plano de estudos especializados, IPEP, foi construído para este estudo e sua estrutura fatorial e confiabilidade foram avaliadas. O instrumento foi aplicado a 115 alunos, escolhidos por amostragem citação. Eles eram estudantes de uma escola particular subsidiada secundárias da cidade de Chillan, Chile. Uma análise fatorial exploratória identificou oito fatores no IPEP escala: projeção acadêmica, desenvolvimento pessoal, manutenção do ambiente social, requisitos acadêmicos, satisfação das expectativas dos outros, a informação profissional, imagem do plano e da pressão da Família. Os resultados apresentam uma estrutura inicial fatorial, que empiricamente e teoricamente adequada, cujos fatores são fiáveis e conceitualmente útil. Esses fatores permitem distinguir os aspectos psicogênicos e sociogênicos do processo de vocacional, e permitir a iniciar ações de diagnóstico e de investigação em relação a este vocacional eleições antecipadas que se estabelece nas escolas secundárias do sistema educacional chileno.Facultad de Psicologí

Factorial structure and reliability of a Perceived Influence on selection of a specialized plan of studies, IPEP, in secondary school students of Chillán, Chile

The process of vocational election is influenced by internal and external factors. However, there is no evidence of the influences on the election process of a specialized plan of studies that secondary students have to cope in the tenth year of the Chilean educational regular system. To evaluate these factors, the scale of perceived influences on the election of a specialized plan of studies, IPEP, was built and in this study its factorial structure and reliability were evaluated. The instrument was applied to 115 students, chosen by quote sampling. They were students of a subsidized private secondary school from the city of Chillan, Chile. An exploratory factorial analysis identified eight factors in the scale IPEP: Academic projection, Personal development, Maintenance of the social environment, Academic requirements, Satisfaction of others’ expectations, Vocational information, Image of the plan and Family pressure. The results present an initial factorial structure, that empirically and theoretically adequate, whose factors were reliable and conceptually useful. These factors distinguish psychogenic and sociogenic aspects of the vocational process, and allow to initiate diagnostic and investigative actions in relation to this early vocational election that is established in secondary schools of the Chilean educational system

Estrutura fatorial e confiabilidade da Escala de Influências Percebidas na Escolha de um programa diferenciado, IPEP, nos estudantes de enseno médio de Chillán, Chile

Los procesos de elección vocacional son influidos por factores individuales y externos al sujeto, no obstante no existe evidencia de cuál es su influencia en la elección del plan diferenciado de estudios al que, en el sistema educacional chileno, se debe ingresar en tercero medio. Para evaluar estos factores, se construyó la escala de Influencias Percibidas en la Elección de un Plan Diferenciado, IPEP, y en esta investigación se evaluó su estructura factorial y confiabilidad. El instrumento fue aplicado a 115 alumnos, elegidos mediante muestreo por cuotas, que cursaban tercer año medio en un colegio particular subvencionado de la cuidad de Chillán, Chile. A partir de un análisis factorial exploratorio se identificó ocho factores en la escala IPEP: Proyección académica, Desarrollo personal, Mantención del entorno social, Exigencia académica, Satisfacción de expectativas de otros, Información vocacional, Imagen del plan y Presión Familiar. Los resultados presentan evidencia inicial de una estructura factorial empírica y teóricamente adecuada, cuyos factores son internamente consistentes y conceptualmente útiles, ya que distinguen aspectos psicogénicos y sociogénicos de la toma de decisiones vocacionales, permitiendo iniciar acciones diagnósticas e investigativas en torno a esta decisión vocacional que el sistema educativo establece en medio de la educación secundaria.O processo de eleição vocacional é influenciada por fatores internos e externos. No entanto, não há evidências das influências sobre o processo eleitoral de um plano de estudos especializados que alunos do ensino secundário têm de lidar no décimo ano do sistema educacional chileno regular. Para avaliar esses fatores, a escala de influências percebidas sobre a eleição de um plano de estudos especializados, IPEP, foi construído para este estudo e sua estrutura fatorial e confiabilidade foram avaliadas. O instrumento foi aplicado a 115 alunos, escolhidos por amostragem citação. Eles eram estudantes de uma escola particular subsidiada secundárias da cidade de Chillan, Chile. Uma análise fatorial exploratória identificou oito fatores no IPEP escala: projeção acadêmica, desenvolvimento pessoal, manutenção do ambiente social, requisitos acadêmicos, satisfação das expectativas dos outros, a informação profissional, imagem do plano e da pressão da Família. Os resultados apresentam uma estrutura inicial fatorial, que empiricamente e teoricamente adequada, cujos fatores são fiáveis e conceitualmente útil. Esses fatores permitem distinguir os aspectos psicogênicos e sociogênicos do processo de vocacional, e permitir a iniciar ações de diagnóstico e de investigação em relação a este vocacional eleições antecipadas que se estabelece nas escolas secundárias do sistema educacional chileno.Facultad de Psicologí

Estrutura fatorial e confiabilidade da Escala de Influências Percebidas na Escolha de um programa diferenciado, IPEP, nos estudantes de enseno médio de Chillán, Chile

Los procesos de elección vocacional son influidos por factores individuales y externos al sujeto, no obstante no existe evidencia de cuál es su influencia en la elección del plan diferenciado de estudios al que, en el sistema educacional chileno, se debe ingresar en tercero medio. Para evaluar estos factores, se construyó la escala de Influencias Percibidas en la Elección de un Plan Diferenciado, IPEP, y en esta investigación se evaluó su estructura factorial y confiabilidad. El instrumento fue aplicado a 115 alumnos, elegidos mediante muestreo por cuotas, que cursaban tercer año medio en un colegio particular subvencionado de la cuidad de Chillán, Chile. A partir de un análisis factorial exploratorio se identificó ocho factores en la escala IPEP: Proyección académica, Desarrollo personal, Mantención del entorno social, Exigencia académica, Satisfacción de expectativas de otros, Información vocacional, Imagen del plan y Presión Familiar. Los resultados presentan evidencia inicial de una estructura factorial empírica y teóricamente adecuada, cuyos factores son internamente consistentes y conceptualmente útiles, ya que distinguen aspectos psicogénicos y sociogénicos de la toma de decisiones vocacionales, permitiendo iniciar acciones diagnósticas e investigativas en torno a esta decisión vocacional que el sistema educativo establece en medio de la educación secundaria.O processo de eleição vocacional é influenciada por fatores internos e externos. No entanto, não há evidências das influências sobre o processo eleitoral de um plano de estudos especializados que alunos do ensino secundário têm de lidar no décimo ano do sistema educacional chileno regular. Para avaliar esses fatores, a escala de influências percebidas sobre a eleição de um plano de estudos especializados, IPEP, foi construído para este estudo e sua estrutura fatorial e confiabilidade foram avaliadas. O instrumento foi aplicado a 115 alunos, escolhidos por amostragem citação. Eles eram estudantes de uma escola particular subsidiada secundárias da cidade de Chillan, Chile. Uma análise fatorial exploratória identificou oito fatores no IPEP escala: projeção acadêmica, desenvolvimento pessoal, manutenção do ambiente social, requisitos acadêmicos, satisfação das expectativas dos outros, a informação profissional, imagem do plano e da pressão da Família. Os resultados apresentam uma estrutura inicial fatorial, que empiricamente e teoricamente adequada, cujos fatores são fiáveis e conceitualmente útil. Esses fatores permitem distinguir os aspectos psicogênicos e sociogênicos do processo de vocacional, e permitir a iniciar ações de diagnóstico e de investigação em relação a este vocacional eleições antecipadas que se estabelece nas escolas secundárias do sistema educacional chileno.Facultad de Psicologí

The celiac ganglion modulates LH-induced inhibition of androstenedione release in late pregnant rat ovaries

BACKGROUND: Although the control of ovarian production of steroid hormones is mainly of endocrine nature, there is increasing evidence that the nervous system also influences ovarian steroidogenic output. The purpose of this work was to study whether the celiac ganglion modulates, via the superior ovarian nerve, the anti-steroidogenic effect of LH in the rat ovary. Using mid- and late-pregnant rats, we set up to study: 1) the influence of the noradrenergic stimulation of the celiac ganglion on the ovarian production of the luteotropic hormone androstenedione; 2) the modulatory effect of noradrenaline at the celiac ganglion on the anti-steroidogenic effect of LH in the ovary; and 3) the involvement of catecholaminergic neurotransmitters released in the ovary upon the combination of noradrenergic stimulation of the celiac ganglion and LH treatment of the ovary. METHODS: The ex vivo celiac ganglion-superior ovarian nerve-ovary integrated system was used. This model allows studying in vitro how direct neural connections from the celiac ganglion regulate ovarian steroidogenic output. The system was incubated in buffer solution with the ganglion and the ovary located in different compartments and linked by the superior ovarian nerve. Three experiments were designed with the addition of: 1) noradrenaline in the ganglion compartment; 2) LH in the ovarian compartment; and 3) noradrenaline and LH in the ganglion and ovarian compartments, respectively. Rats of 15, 19, 20 and 21 days of pregnancy were used, and, as an end point, the concentration of the luteotropic hormone androstenedione was measured in the ovarian compartment by RIA at various times of incubation. For some of the experimental paradigms the concentration of various catecholamines (dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline) was also measured in the ovarian compartment by HPLC. RESULTS: The most relevant result concerning the action of noradrenaline in the celiac ganglion was found on day 21 of pregnancy resulting in the inhibition of androstenedione release from the ovarian compartment. In addition on day 15 of pregnancy, LH placed in the ovarian compartment led to an inhibition of the release of androstenedione, and this inhibitory effect was further reinforced by the joint action of noradrenaline in the celiac ganglion and LH in the ovary. The levels of catecholamines in the ovarian compartment showed differences among the experiments; of significance, the joint treatment of noradrenaline in the celiac ganglion and LH in the ovary resulted in a remarkable increase in the ovarian levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline when compared to the effect achieved by either one of the compounds added alone. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the noradrenergic stimulation of the celiac ganglion reinforces the LH-induced inhibition of androstenedione production by the ovary of late pregnant rats, and that this effect is associated with marked changes in the release of catecholamines in the ovary

La persecución del delito en el procedimiento penal

Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale