Możliwe i rekomendowane sposoby grupowania i porządkowania współczesnych metod i koncepcji zarządzania

In the paper the authors analyse the subject matter concerning ways of grouping and arranging contemporary concepts and management methods. First the essentials of management methods’ classification are presented. Then the review of the chosen classification conceptualizations were discussed with a special attention given to the categorization according to the level of the generality and development. Next the recommended typology procedure was offered. In conclusions the authors explained the limits of the study and formulated the future research directions

Możliwe i rekomendowane sposoby grupowania i porządkowania współczesnych metod i koncepcji zarządzania

In the paper the authors analyse the subject matter concerning ways of grouping and arranging contemporary concepts and management methods. First the essentials of management methods’ classification are presented. Then the review of the chosen classification conceptualizations were discussed with a special attention given to the categorization according to the level of the generality and development. Next the recommended typology procedure was offered. In conclusions the authors explained the limits of the study and formulated the future research directions

Uwarunkowania tworzenia innowacji organizacyjnych

W artykule przedstawiono przesłanki i czynniki tworzenia innowacji organizacyjnych. Najpierw wyjaśniono istotę innowacji organizacyjnych w kontekście metod zarządzania i zaprezentowano wybrane ich klasyfikacje. Następnie przedstawiono ewolucję podejść do zarządzania organizacją oraz określono zasadnicze przesłanki i źródła kreowania nowych metod. W zasadniczej części zaprezentowano syntetyczny model uwarunkowań tworzenia innowacji w instrumentalnej sferze zarządzania i sformułowano wnioski wynikające z przeprowadzonej analizy. The aim of the paper is to present the results of analysis about prerequisites for creating organisational innovations. First conditions and factors of such activity is discussed. Next the essence of organisational innovations and classifications are presented within the context of organisational and management methods (tools). The evolution of approaches towards managing the organisation is given as a base for identification the reasons and sources of creating the new tools. In the main part of the paper the synthetic model of prerequisites for creating organisational innovations is presented in reference to the instrumental sphere of management. The conclusions contain the discussions about formulated models

Uwarunkowania tworzenia innowacji organizacyjnych

W artykule przedstawiono przesłanki i czynniki tworzenia innowacji organizacyjnych. Najpierw wyjaśniono istotę innowacji organizacyjnych w kontekście metod zarządzania i zaprezentowano wybrane ich klasyfikacje. Następnie przedstawiono ewolucję podejść do zarządzania organizacją oraz określono zasadnicze przesłanki i źródła kreowania nowych metod. W zasadniczej części zaprezentowano syntetyczny model uwarunkowań tworzenia innowacji w instrumentalnej sferze zarządzania i sformułowano wnioski wynikające z przeprowadzonej analizy. The aim of the paper is to present the results of analysis about prerequisites for creating organisational innovations. First conditions and factors of such activity is discussed. Next the essence of organisational innovations and classifications are presented within the context of organisational and management methods (tools). The evolution of approaches towards managing the organisation is given as a base for identification the reasons and sources of creating the new tools. In the main part of the paper the synthetic model of prerequisites for creating organisational innovations is presented in reference to the instrumental sphere of management. The conclusions contain the discussions about formulated models

Hyperfine interactions and irreversible magnetic behavior in multiferroic aurivillius compounds

In this work investigations of structure and magnetic properties of conventionally sintered Bim+1Ti3Fem–3O3m+3 compounds with 4 ≤ m ≤ 8 were performed using X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. Room-temperature Mössbauer spectra of the compounds correspond to a paramagnetic state, however, low temperature measurements (80 K) reveal the antiferromagnetic state with a residual paramagnetic phase. Temperature dependencies of magnetic susceptibility, χσ(T), provided magnetic ordering temperatures and revealed an irreversibility in Aurivillius compounds with m ≥ 5. In the case of Bi5Ti3FeO15 compound the χσ(T) dependence shows a paramagnetic behavior down to 2 K. The Bi6Ti3Fe2O18 compound reveals a magnetic ordering at 11 K. The compounds with m = 6–8 show a magnetic ordering at temperatures higher than 200 K. Highly irreversible character of their temperature dependencies of χσ indicates a spin-glass type disordered magnetism with frustration due to a random distribution of Fe on Ti at their sites

Ethical problems of palliative care in the period of its evolutionary transformation

Our long-time experience in palliative care allowed us to notice changes in ethics of palliative medicine. In the handbook of palliative medicine, its authors R.G.Twycross and D.Frampton in 1995 did formulate the following ethical postulate: respect for life, acceptance of death of a patient as an unavoidable event, respect for a patient as a person, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice. In addition, they stressed prohibition of euthanasia as a rule. Nine years later, however, in the Oxford handbook of palliative care, its authors: M.S.Watson, C.T.Lukas, M.A.Hoy and J.N.Back described their ethical basis, which were slightly different but quite similar to those of T.L.Beauchamp and J.F.Childers: autonomy of a patient, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice and the trust. Their set of principles may induce controversy because of unlimited patient's autonomy and absence of physician's autonomy. Further, it may permit euthanasia, which is excluded by palliative medicine

OCZEKIWANIA PRACODAWCÓW DOTYCZĄCE KOMPETENCJI CYFROWYCH ABSOLWENTÓW UCZELNI EKONOMICZNYCH​

The main determinant of the development of a modern business is information and communication technology. It affects both changes in customer needs and behaviors, as well as the way of doing business. The ability to operate effectively in these conditions requires specific competences, referred to as digital. The article presents the results of research on the identification of labor market expectations in the field of digital competences of graduates of economic universities, based on text analysis of job advertisements. The concept of digital competence is explained. A diagram of the study consisting in the analysis of the content of job advertisements in order to identify the required competences is presented. The method used can be adopted to create a system of constant monitoring of competence expectations on the labor market. Keywords: digital competences, content analysis, graduates of economic universities, labor market JEL classification codes: M12, I23, M54​Główną determinantą rozwoju współczesnego biznesu jest technologia informatyczno-komunikacyjna. Wpływa ona zarówno na zmiany potrzeb i zachowań klientów, jak również sposób prowadzenia biznesu. Zdolność skutecznego działania w tych warunkach wymaga posiadania specyficznych kompetencji, określanych jako cyfrowe. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące identyfikacji oczekiwań rynku pracy w zakresie kompetencji cyfrowych absolwentów uczelni ekonomicznych, na podstawie analizy tekstowej ogłoszeń o pracę. Wyjaśniono pojęcie kompetencji cyfrowych. Przedstawiono schemat badania polegającego na analizie treści ogłoszeń o pracę w celu identyfikacji wymaganych kompetencji. Zastosowana metoda może zostać wykorzystana do stworzenia systemu stałego monitorowania oczekiwań kompetencyjnych na rynku pracy. Słowa kluczowe: kompetencje cyfrowe, analiza treści, absolwenci uczelni ekonomicznych, rynek pracy Kody klasyfikacji JEL: M12, I23, M5

Ethical aspect of quality of life of palliative care patients

In the paper, we attempt a semantic analysis of patient quality of life, which plays an important role in evaluating the patient’s condition and health. The issue seems to be the most important in palliative-hospice care, where doctors work with seriously or terminally ill patients. One of the aims of this branch of medicine is to improve quality of life. This may be achieved, among others, by recognizing the current problems the patient is facing pertaining to family and social relations, beliefs, views or religion. Moreover, by monitoring the behavior of patients and symptoms of their illnesses, the best therapy methods may be selected. Patient quality of life assessment may also enable comparing health care units of the same specialization and be used for the selection of the best standards of care. When discussing the broader meaning of "quality of life", we caution against equating quality of life with the value of life. The main arguments are as follows: subjective character of evaluation of quality of life and, in the future, the possibility of postulates for shortening life of poor quality of life patients when funds for their treatment are insufficient. When accepting quality of life as equal to the value of life, it may result in eliminating unprotected and helpless patients and allowing only the strong to live. Later, this may result in the discrimination of seriously and terminally ill people, even those who do not wish to shorten their lives despite experiencing burdensome symptoms and being aware of the incurable nature of their illness

Early/Middle Neolithic Western (LBK) vs Eastern (ALPC) Linear Pottery Cultures : ceramics and lithic raw materials circulation

In this paper we focused on the relations between the north-eastern range of the Linear Bandkeramik (LBK) in the Upper Vistula basin and the area of Eastern (Alföld) Linear Pottery Culture (ALPC) in eastern Slovakia, separated by the main ridge of the Western Carpathians. Contacts between these two Early/Middle Neolithic cultural zones were manifested by the exchange of lithic raw materials (Carpathian obsidian from south-eastern Slovakia and north eastern Hungary vs Jurassic flint from Kraków-Częstochowa) and pottery. Ceramic exchange was studied by comparing the mineralogical-petrographic composition of the local LBK pottery from sites in the Upper Vistula basin and sherds from the same LBK sites showing ALPC stylistic features, and pottery samples from ALPC sites in eastern Slovakia. Observation under polarized light microscope and SEM-EDS analyses resulted in identification of a group of pottery samples with ALPC stylistic features which could be imports to LBK sites in southern Poland from Slovakia, and a group of vessels with ALPC decorations but produced in the Upper Vistula basin from local ceramic fabric, which were imitations by the local LBK population. The second group of pottery appears mostly in the pre-Notenkopf and Notenkopf phases of the LBK, correlated with Tiszadob-Kapušany Groups of ALPC, in contrast to the pottery imports attributed mostly to the Želiezovce group/ phase, synchronous with the Bükk Culture/Group