Zymogenic Bacillus sp. revealed in Aleksinac (Serbia) oil shale

The déminéralisation experiments are aimed at preparing native sedimentary organic matter concentrates, consisting mainly of insoluble kerogen. Initial desilicification experiments of three Aleksinac (Serbia) oil shale samples were carried out with the help of Bacillus circulons J ordan. The process was followed by pH measurement and determination of the number of microorganisms. Déminéralisation efficiency was evaluated based on the ratio of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 contents in the substrates before and after the experiments. Surprisingly, in all experiments much better desilicification was observed in control tests compared to inoculated substrates. Discovery of a zymogenic culture in all three oil shale samples explained the apparent anomaly. Based on physiological, biochemical and taxonomic characteristics, the isolated zymogenic culture was identified as Bacillus sp

Sadržaj teških metala u krupnolisnim duvanima gajenim u glavnim proizvodnim područjima Srbije

The aim of this work was to examine the influence of growing conditions on heavy metal content in virginia (flue cured) and burley (air cured) tobacco type. Moreover, some of these metals could appear in the tobacco cigarette smoke. This fact may cause negative consequences for cigarette consumers. Examinations were carried out in five various production areas, for each tobacco type, during two years, 1998 and 1999; those were extreme years for production. Considering the results, it can be concluded: The most important factor for heavy metal content in tobacco leaves are weather conditions especially the amount of rainfall, since there is a direct correlation between the rainfall and size of roots, a dominant vegetation organ. It is inevitable that the metals content in flue cured and air cured tobaccos grown at different experimental lots, is still below the legally prescribed values. Tobacco leaves from Šabac production area have a little higher metal content than tobacco grown in other production areas, because a larger amount of copper was found. The metal content in plants can increase because of its absorption from soil, atmosphere, or mineral fertilizers and pesticides, and, what is very important, the content of metals can be high due to the vicinity of large industrial centers.Poznato je da su metali prisutni u biljkama u količinama koje zavise od vrste biljke, klime i drugih faktora. Cilj ovog rada je ispitivanje direktnih uslova gajenja na sadržaj teških metala u duvanima tipa virdžinija, sorta Heveši-9 i tipa berlej, sorta B-92. Neki od ovih metala mogu da pređu u duvanski dim cigarete, što može imati neželjene posledice za pušača. Ispitivanja su vršena u po 5 različitih proizvodnih područja Srbije, za svaki tip duvana, tokom dve godine, 1998. i 1999., koje su bile ekstremne za proizvodnju duvana. Sumirajući rezultate dvogodišnjih istraživanja možemo zaključiti sledeće: Upotreba NPK đubriva nije imala uticaja na sadržaj teških metala u duvanima. Od klimatskih faktora, na sadržaj teških metala u duvanu najveći značaj imaju padavine. Usled različite količine padavina dolazi do razlike u ekspanziji korena biljaka, pa su posledica toga različite količine mikroelemenata, koje se preko korena asimiluju. Duvani iz proizvodnog područja Šapca, sadrže bakar u koncentracijama nešto većim od dozvoljenih za duvan, kao i nešto više vrednosti sadržaja ostalih teških metala u odnosu na duvan gajen na drugim lokalitetima. Na ovu pojavu bi mogla da utiče blizina industrijske zone, kao i sastav zemljišta i primena zaštitnih sredstava

Supplementary data for the article: Grbović, G.; Malev, O.; Dolenc, D.; Klobučar, R. S.; Cvetković, Z.; Cvetković, B.; Jovančicévić, B.; Trebše, P. Synthesis, Characterisation and Aquatic Ecotoxicity of the UV Filter Hexyl 2-(4-Diethylamino-2-Hydroxybenzoyl)Benzoate (DHHB) and Its Chlorinated by-Products. Environmental Chemistry 2016, 13 (1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1071/EN15013

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1071/EN15013]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2020

Zymogenic Bacillus sp. revealed in Aleksinac (Serbia) oil shale

The déminéralisation experiments are aimed at preparing native sedimentary organic matter concentrates, consisting mainly of insoluble kerogen. Initial desilicification experiments of three Aleksinac (Serbia) oil shale samples were carried out with the help of Bacillus circulons J ordan. The process was followed by pH measurement and determination of the number of microorganisms. Déminéralisation efficiency was evaluated based on the ratio of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 contents in the substrates before and after the experiments. Surprisingly, in all experiments much better desilicification was observed in control tests compared to inoculated substrates. Discovery of a zymogenic culture in all three oil shale samples explained the apparent anomaly. Based on physiological, biochemical and taxonomic characteristics, the isolated zymogenic culture was identified as Bacillus sp

Characterisation of New Bacillus circulans Strain Isolated from Oil Shale

Novi soj vrste Bacillus otkriven je tijekom demineralizacije uljnoga škriljevca radi dobivanja kerogena. Učinak demineralizacije izoliranoga soja bio je kudikamo veći od učinka soja Bacillus circulans Jordan 1890. Prema biokemijskim značajkama, sastavu i strukturi proteina, sastavu masnih kiselina, kao i profilu genoma te sekvencija 16S rDNA novi je soj identificiran kao Bacillus circulans VD01.A new strain of Bacillus sp. was obtained during experiments of oil shale demineralization, which were carried out in order to get ’pure’ organic matter (kerogen). The demineralization efficiency of newly isolated strain was found to be substantially higher in comparison with that of Bacillus circulans Jordan 1890. On the basis of the biochemical characteristics, protein patterns and fatty acid composition, as well as the whole genome profile and 16S rDNA sequencing, the new strain was identified as Bacillus circulans VD01

Karakterizacija kerogena tipa III Tirolskog škriljca (Hahntennjoch, Austrija) zasnovana na njegovim oksidacionim proizvodima

A 29-step alkaline permanganate degradation of type III kerogen from Tyrolean (Hahntennjoch, Austria) oil shale was performed. A high yield of oxidation products was obtained (93.7 % relative to the original kerogen): 0.5 % neutrals and bases, 19.5 % ether-soluble acids and 58.9 % of precipitated (PA). A substantial amount of kerogen carbon (14.8 %) was oxidized into carbon dioxide. The organic residue remaining after the final oxidation step was 6.9 %. The PA components were further oxidized and the total yields relative to original PA were 1.0 % neutrals and bases and 59.0 % ether-soluble acids, the non-degraded residue being 29.3 %. Detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of all oxidation products suggested the Tyrolean shale kerogen to be a heterogeneous macromolecular substance consisting of three types of structures differing in composition and susceptibility towards alkaline permanganate: the first, resistant, presumably composed of aromatic structures linked by resorcinol ethereal bonds; the second, combined in nature, the aliphatic part comprising methyl-substituents and short cross-links, both easily oxidized into CO2, water and low molecular weight acids and aromatic structures yielding aromatic diand tri-carboxylic acids as oxidation products; finally the third, composed of aliphatic cross-links and substituents, alicyclic (and/or heterocyclic) and some aromatic structures, bound into units moderately resistant towards oxidation. The overall yields of kerogen and PA oxidation products lead towards a balance between aromatic, alkane monoand dicarboxylic and alkanepolycarboxylic acids, suggesting a shift of the structure of Tyrolean shale kerogen from typical aromatic reference type III towards a heterogeneous aromatic-aliphaticalicyclic type structure.Stupnjevitom degradacijom kerogena tirolskog škriljca pomoću alkalnog permanganata dobijeni su visoki prinosi oksidacionih proizvoda. Dobijene nerastvorne kiseline naknadno su degradovane u 8 stupnjeva. Detaljna GC-MS analiza kiselina rastvornih u etru, dobijenih degradacijom kerogena, potom intermedijarnih nerastvornih kiselina, pokazala je da je kerogen tirolskog škriljca heterogena makromolekularna supstanca i da se sastoji iz tri tipa strukture, različitog sastava i različite osetljivosti na primenjeno oksidaciono sredstvo. Prvi tip je aromatične prirode sa rezorcinolnim etarskim umreženjem, otporan prema alkalnom permanganatu. Drugi se vrlo lako oksiduje, a sastoji se od aromatičnih struktura umreženih kratkim alifatičnim nizovima i sa većim udelom metil-supstituenata. Ovaj tip strukture je pri oksidaciji dao visok prinos SO2, alifatične kiseline malih molekulskih masa i aromatične dii trikarboksilne kiseline u visokom prinosu. Treći tip strukture je srednje osetljivosti na permanganat, a sastoji se od alicikličnih i/ili heterocikličnih i aromatičnih jezgara povezanih alifatičnim nizovima srednjih dužina. Kvantitativan odnos alifatičnih, aromatičnih i alkan-polikarboksilnih kiselina u oksidacionim proizvodima pokazao je da struktura kerogena tirolskog škriljca odstupa od tipskih, dominantno aromatičnih struktura tipa III, kojima pripada po svom H/C-O/C atomskom odnosu, i da je pomerena ka heterogenim, aromatično-alifatično-alicikličnim strukturama tipa II

Pripremanje koncentrata organske supstance primenom mikrobioloških metoda

Investigation on combined bacterial demineralization of sediments i.e. removal of silicates (desilicification) by Bacillus circulans and removal of pyrite (depyritization) by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans are reviewed in this paper. These methods represent a new approach in solving one of important organic geochemical problems, isolation of native organic matter (kerogen) concentrate from sediments. Using the oil shale from Aleksinac as substrate, the most important aspect of bacterial demineralization was examined: the question of whether or to what extent do the applied bacteria affect the composition and structure of kerogen. High efficiency of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was observed in depyritization experiments (ca 91%). On the other hand, in 30-day-leaching period noticeable elimination of silicates by Bacillus circulans (ca 40%) was achieved. For detailed analyses prior to and after bacterial demineralization, besides standard methods (such as i.r. spectroscopy, elemental microanalysis, micropetrographic analysis), modern analytical instrumental methods were also used (e.g., P-GC and P-GC-MS). The observed results suggested that during these processes the sedimentary organic matter remained native. Thus, the advantage of bacterial vs. chemical demineralization process was demonstrated.U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati proučavanja bakterijske demineralizacije, izdvajanja silikata (desilicifikacije) pomoću B.C. i izdvajanja pirita (depiritizacija) pomoću A. ferrooxidan. Predložene metode su novi pristup rešavanju jednog od veoma važnih geohemijskih problema, izolovanja organske supstance (kerogena) iz sedimenata. Upotrebom uljnog škriljca iz Aleksinca, kao model supstrata, proučavana su dva najvažnija aspekta bakterijske demineralizacije: dali i kom stepenu deluje upotrebljena bakterija na sastav i strukturu kerogena. U eksperimentima depiritizacije pomoću A. ferrooxidans postignuta je visoka efikasnost (91%) udaljavanja pirita. Znatna eliminacija silikata (40%) ustanovljena je posle 30-dnevnog perioda luženja silikata pomoću B.C. Jordan. Za detaljnu analizu pre i posle bakterijske demineralizacije. pored standardnih uobičajenih metoda (kao npr. IR spektroskopija. elementarna mikroanaliza, mikropetrografska analiza) primenjene su i druge analitičke metode (kao npr. P-GC P-GC-MS). Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da organska materija sedimenata ostaje nativna tokom ovih procesa. Ovim rezultatima je pokazana prednost bakterijske u odnosu na hemijsku demineralizaciju

Pripremanje koncentrata organske supstance primenom mikrobioloških metoda

Investigation on combined bacterial demineralization of sediments i.e. removal of silicates (desilicification) by Bacillus circulans and removal of pyrite (depyritization) by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans are reviewed in this paper. These methods represent a new approach in solving one of important organic geochemical problems, isolation of native organic matter (kerogen) concentrate from sediments. Using the oil shale from Aleksinac as substrate, the most important aspect of bacterial demineralization was examined: the question of whether or to what extent do the applied bacteria affect the composition and structure of kerogen. High efficiency of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was observed in depyritization experiments (ca 91%). On the other hand, in 30-day-leaching period noticeable elimination of silicates by Bacillus circulans (ca 40%) was achieved. For detailed analyses prior to and after bacterial demineralization, besides standard methods (such as i.r. spectroscopy, elemental microanalysis, micropetrographic analysis), modern analytical instrumental methods were also used (e.g., P-GC and P-GC-MS). The observed results suggested that during these processes the sedimentary organic matter remained native. Thus, the advantage of bacterial vs. chemical demineralization process was demonstrated.U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati proučavanja bakterijske demineralizacije, izdvajanja silikata (desilicifikacije) pomoću B.C. i izdvajanja pirita (depiritizacija) pomoću A. ferrooxidan. Predložene metode su novi pristup rešavanju jednog od veoma važnih geohemijskih problema, izolovanja organske supstance (kerogena) iz sedimenata. Upotrebom uljnog škriljca iz Aleksinca, kao model supstrata, proučavana su dva najvažnija aspekta bakterijske demineralizacije: dali i kom stepenu deluje upotrebljena bakterija na sastav i strukturu kerogena. U eksperimentima depiritizacije pomoću A. ferrooxidans postignuta je visoka efikasnost (91%) udaljavanja pirita. Znatna eliminacija silikata (40%) ustanovljena je posle 30-dnevnog perioda luženja silikata pomoću B.C. Jordan. Za detaljnu analizu pre i posle bakterijske demineralizacije. pored standardnih uobičajenih metoda (kao npr. IR spektroskopija. elementarna mikroanaliza, mikropetrografska analiza) primenjene su i druge analitičke metode (kao npr. P-GC P-GC-MS). Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da organska materija sedimenata ostaje nativna tokom ovih procesa. Ovim rezultatima je pokazana prednost bakterijske u odnosu na hemijsku demineralizaciju

Исследование напряженно-деформированного состояния нелинейных участков магистрального газопровода Карталы-Астана

A petrological and organic geochemical study was performed on coal samples from the East field deposit, Bogovina Basin, Serbia. Fourteen coal samples were collected from different parts of the Main and Upper coal seams from fresh, working faces in the underground subbituminous coal mine. The Lower Miocene (?) coal of the East field is a typical humic coal with huminite, liptinite and inertinite concentrations of up to 81.4 vol.%, 16.1 vol.% and 13.5 vol.%, respectively. Densinite is the most abundant maceral with variable amounts of ulminite and gelinite. Sporinite and liptodetrinite are the most common macerals of the liptinite group. Exsudatinite was detected in the lower part of the Lower coal seam. Inertodetrinite is the most abundant maceral of the inertinite group. The mineral matter consists mostly of clay minerals and carbonates. The mean random huminite reflectance (ulminite B) for the Main coal seam is 0.42 +/- 0.04%Rr, and 0.41 +/- 0.04%Rr for the Upper coal seam, which are typical for an immature to early mature stage of the organic matter. The distribution and abundance of n-alkanes and steranes indicates a significant contribution of epicuticular waxes from higher plants. High amount of phyllocladane-type diterpenoids (16 alpha(H)-phyllocladane) suggests that coal forming plants were conifer families Taxodiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae, Araucariaceae, Sciadopityaceae, and Phyllocladaceae, while a higher amount of pimarane and norpimarane suggests Pinaceae. Taxodiaceae, and Cupressaceae. The pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratio implies variable anaerobic to oxic conditions during sedimentation. The distribution of the hopanes detected in the Bogovina East field coal indicates an immature to early mature stage of the organic matter, which is in agreement with huminite reflectance. The high coal sulphur contents from the East field are characteristic for slightly alkaline depositional environments generated by bentonite from the basement of the Main coal seam. The petrological observation and biomarker composition provide evidence for the generation of immature hydrocarbons which, most probably, originated from the resins and waxes of higher plants, mostly gymnosperms. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Supplementary data for the article: Grbović, G.; Malev, O.; Dolenc, D.; Klobučar, R. S.; Cvetković, Z.; Cvetković, B.; Jovančicévić, B.; Trebše, P. Synthesis, Characterisation and Aquatic Ecotoxicity of the UV Filter Hexyl 2-(4-Diethylamino-2-Hydroxybenzoyl)Benzoate (DHHB) and Its Chlorinated by-Products. Environmental Chemistry 2016, 13 (1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1071/EN15013

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1071/EN15013]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2020