Treatment of Mandibular Retrognathism with the Herbst Appliance

Herbstova naprava prvi je put primijenjena prije gotovo sto godina. Iako je vrlo djelotvorna, zbog nekih predrasuda nije osobito prihvaćena. Svrha ovoga rada bila je opisati napravu te prikazati način njezina djelovanja. Također je dan prikaz terapije mlađega odraslog pacijenta liječenog od mandibularnoga retrognatizma. Zaključno treba reći da se Herbstova naprava pokazala dobrim terapijskim sredstvom te da su u pacijenta uz dentoalveolne promjene dokazane i skeletne, premda je već završio rast i razvoj. Procjena rezultata liječenja opisanoga slučaja sukladna je podatcima iz recentne literature u slučajevima kada je naprava primijenjena u odraslih pacijenata te kao takva predstavlja alternativu ortognatskoj kirurgiji.The Herbst appliance was first applied almost 100 years ago. Though very efficient, it has not been well accepted due to certain prejudice. The goal of this research work is to describe this appliance and present how it works. There is also a description of therapy of a young adult patient treated for mandibular retrognathism. To conclude, it should be noted that the Herbst appliance has proved to be an efficient therapeutic instrument, as the patient has shown not only dentoalveolar, but also skeletal changes, although his growth and development had already finished. The estimate of results of the treatment of the above mentioned case has been in accordance with the data from the recent research papers describing the cases when the appliance had been applied to adult patients, proving itself to be a valid alternative to the orthognathic surgery

Les rapports industriels en Yougoslavie

Après avoir analysé la structure formelle et la compétence des organes de l'autogestion ouvrière dans l'industrie yougoslave, l'auteur expose les résultats des deux recherches empiriques sur les attitudes et opinions des ouvriers concernant l'autogestion, l'influence de divers organes de l'autogestion, le rôle du parti et des syndicats et la sécurité des ouvriers au travail.Beginning in 1945, profound social changes took place in Yugoslavia. Three types of ownership emerged : social (collective), private, and cooperative ownership. The industry, mining, banking and transport sectors, as well as 25% of the farmed land became part of the realm of social ownership. In 1950, important business associations were formed and the law on company management was promulgated by the working class. This law established the general principles of worker's self-government from then on. Besides this main phenomenon now leading Yugoslavia « on the road towards socialism », a certain importance must be given to the roles played in industrial life by the unions and by the Communist Party.This paper analyses the formal structure and the sphere of action of each body responsible for workers' self-government in the different industries, and secondly, presents the different findings of two research projects dealing with self-government, the role of the Party and of the unions, and workers' security on the job.Three main principles direct the action of the workers' self-government in Yugoslavian industry :1.— Socially owned industrial firms are governed by its basic producers : the workers.2. — Industrial firms are independent and work on a profit-oriented basis.3.—The socialist organization of these firms establishes socialist relations which exclude the possible exploitation of the workers, and demands from each of these workers a performance in conformity with his individual capacities.These principles rule the election and constitution of the main bodies of industrial organization, which are : The Workers' Council, the Executive Council, and the Director. The Workers' Council is elected, dismissed and re-elected by the workers, and gives the firm its autonomy as a self-governing unit by administrating according to the best interests of the workers, of the unique socialist scheme of economy and of society as a whole. Its main functions are :— Establishing the firm's production and investment guidelines, and its final budget ;— Coordinating the firm's activities with the State's social plan ;— Distributing and establishing the share of the firm's revenues which belong to the workers.The Executive Council is made of three to eleven members, and is in charge of the firm's management along the policy guidelines shaped by the Workers' Council. Its members are elected by the workers and are responsible towards the Workers Council as to the execution of company policies and the management of the firm in general.The Director is named by the State, and although the Executive and the Workers' Council cannot dismiss him, they can nonetheless demand his dismissal. The Director organizes the production line and has the function of General Manager of the firm's policies and business ; he is directly responsible to the Executive Council and to the State concerning the respect of its laws and regulations. He must execute all orders of the Executive Council which are within the law, but can stop their execution if they do not respect the State regulations.Two research projects allow us to judge to a certain extent the efficiency of this system of self-government and the exact influence of the different parties in it.The results of the research project in Kraljevo indicate that the communists, the firm's experts and its qualified workers are more active when allowed personal initiative, but the system of self-government has to deal with a certain amount of résistance from informal groups such as members of a same profession, family, or town, who seek mutual protection from the firm's managers. Bureaucratic tendencies appear in certain firms. Religion is also an influent factor.The majority of the technicians and workers interviewed considered that the strongest influence in their firm was held by the Director, and not by the Workers' Council ; general opinion gave more influence to the Communist Leagues than to the Union, perhaps because of the Party's control over the nomination of certain leading executives.The Belgrade project concerned itself mostly with how job-secure a worker felt in a system of self-government. The first question was : Can someone remain unemployed even if he is a good worker ? 29.43 % of the workers answered that he cannot. 62.33% answered that he can. The other question tested how secure the interviewed worker felt his job was : 41.18% answered that their position was completely secure, but 34.67% answered that it was partly secure. There is no doubt that a feeling of instability does exist among the workers about their jobs.Other results establish the fact that stability depends on the workers' degree of qualifications, and that those who expect a better standard of living in the future are more secure than those who expect a lower one. Another question was : "To what extent can the situation of your workers' organization be improved by the concern and efforts of the self-government bodies ?" 20% answered "considerably" ; 27.1% "passably" ; and 30.3% answered "partly"; 12.3% said "not at all".CONCLUDING REMARKSThis analysis shows that the self-government system in Yugoslavia has the same characteristics that the social organization prevailing in this country. The Workers' Council. the Executive Council and the Directors are its main bodies. The law clearly defines between the connexions these bodies among themselves on the one hand and with the workers and the State on the other hand. However the connexions between these bodies, the unions and the Communist League have not been sufficiently specified. Empirical studies indicate that the influence of the latter is in fact much greater than the one of the former. These results also show certain difficulties met by the workers' self-government system ; bureaucratic tendencies by civil and political servants and a certain backwardness of part of the workers.Increased modernization and education, along with the refinement of the existing system of self-government, should gradually eliminate these difficulties, and allow the progressive strengthening of this original system of industrial relations in Yugoslavia.BibliographieBICANIC, R.,Interaction of Macro and Microeconomic Decisions in Yougoslavia, (1954-1957), University of California, Press, 353 pp.BILANDZIC, D.,La lutte pour le socialisme autogestionnaire 1945-1969, Zagreb, 1969.HADZIVASILEV, M.,Le Grand tournant de l’histoire, Belgrade, 1969.IBRAHIMAGIC, G.,L'autogestion dans l'organisation de travail, Sarajevo, 1968. Institut pour l'autogestion sociale,L'autogestion et l'intégration dans l'économie, Zagreb, 1966.KARDELJ, E., « La Yougoslavie contemporaine », recueilDix ans de la nouvelle Yougoslavie, Belgrade, 1955.KILIBARDA, K. S.,L'autogestion et la Ligue des communistes, Belgrade, 1966.MARDOMINGO, Julien,Autogestion ouvrière et planification en Yougoslavie, thème de maîtrise, Université de Louvain, 1965.MEISTER, Albert,Socialisme et autogestion en Yougoslavie. Éditions du Seuil, Paris, 1969.MEISTER, Albert, « Démocratie et participation dans les associations volontaires » dansSociologie du travail, Éditions du Seuil, Paris, 1969, pp. 236-252.MEISTER, Albert, « Caractéristiques de l'associationisme et du militantisme en Yougoslavie » dansSociologie du travail, Paris, 1969, pp. 18-38.MILOSLAVLEVSKI, S.,L'autogestion et la Ligue des communistes, Belgrade, 1967.PUSIC, E.,l’autogestion, Zagreb, 1969.ROMAN, A.,L'autogestion et le système des managers, Belgrade, 1968.ZUPANOV, Josip, TANNENBAUM, Arnold S., « La distribution du contrôle dans quelques organisations industrielles yougoslaves » dansSociologie du travail, 1967, pp. 1-24.Faculté de Droit,Gestion autonome et autogestion (matériaux de la consultation à la Faculté de Droit), Belgrade, 1969.Programme de la Ligue des communistes en Yougoslavie, Belgrade, 1958

Primjene kotirane projekcije

Kotirana projekcija ima mnogobrojne primjene. Prikazali smo osnovno o kotiranoj projekciji točke, pravca i ravnine za potrebe rada. Također, pobliže je opisano sučelje programa Rhinoceros te neke naredbe potrebne za grafičku konstrukciju rješenja primjera kojima se bavimo u radu. Kod izgradnje prometnica potrebno je odrediti ravnine nasipa i usjeka za izvedbu građevinskih radova. Primjenjujući pravila kotirane projekcije i koristeći program Rhino 6, konstruirali smo izdanak sloja i zemljane radove za izgradnju platoa. Navedena pravila projiciranja koristili smo i za izgradnju horizontalnih i kosih cesta te cesta sa zavojem. Naposljetku, prikazali smo konstrukciju zemljanih radova platoa s prilaznom kosom cestom.Elevation projection has numerous appliances. We have shown the basics of elevation projection of the point, line and plane for the needs of this thesis. Also, we described closely the interface of the Rhinoceros program and some of the commands we used for graphic construction of the solutions for our examples. Building roads means we have to determine the plane of the dam and the notch so we could make the road. Applying the rules of elevation projection and using Rhino 6, we constructed an offshoot of a layer as well as construction work for building plateau. Furthermore, we used mentioned rules of projection to construct horizontal and gradient roads including curved horizontal roads. At last, we have shown construction of the plateau with the side gradient road

Vrijednost prstne igre kao vid kulturnog naslijeđa u kurikulu prve godine života

Fingerplay is an ancient form of folk art. Purified in content and form on the way from generation to generation it means universal art form that takes a baby and little child into the world of games, ritual and related arts and culture. In it the various related art forms live on, and in content the fingerplay can be connected with literally all areas of the curriculum for preschool. How can fingerplay in the first age group offer children challenges in the field of art, language, movement, society, nature, and mathematics? What can it contribute to the development of children in their emotional, social, cognitive, and physical fields?Prstna igra drevni je oblik narodne umjetnosti. Pročišćena i sadržajem i oblikom s koljena na koljeno, ona predstavlja univerzalni oblik umjetnosti koja bebu i malo dijete uvodi u svijet igara, rituala i s njima povezanih umjetnosti i kulture. U prstnoj igri nalaze se različiti oblici umjetnosti, a sadržajem ona se može povezati s doslovno svim područjima predškolskoga kurikula. Kako prstna igra može ponuditi u prvoj godini života izazove u području umjetnosti, jezika, pokreta, društva, prirode i matematike? Kako može doprinijeti emocionalnom, socijalnom, kognitivnom i fizičkom razvoju djeteta

Vrijednost prstne igre kao vid kulturnog naslijeđa u kurikulu prve godine života

Fingerplay is an ancient form of folk art. Purified in content and form on the way from generation to generation it means universal art form that takes a baby and little child into the world of games, ritual and related arts and culture. In it the various related art forms live on, and in content the fingerplay can be connected with literally all areas of the curriculum for preschool. How can fingerplay in the first age group offer children challenges in the field of art, language, movement, society, nature, and mathematics? What can it contribute to the development of children in their emotional, social, cognitive, and physical fields?Prstna igra drevni je oblik narodne umjetnosti. Pročišćena i sadržajem i oblikom s koljena na koljeno, ona predstavlja univerzalni oblik umjetnosti koja bebu i malo dijete uvodi u svijet igara, rituala i s njima povezanih umjetnosti i kulture. U prstnoj igri nalaze se različiti oblici umjetnosti, a sadržajem ona se može povezati s doslovno svim područjima predškolskoga kurikula. Kako prstna igra može ponuditi u prvoj godini života izazove u području umjetnosti, jezika, pokreta, društva, prirode i matematike? Kako može doprinijeti emocionalnom, socijalnom, kognitivnom i fizičkom razvoju djeteta

The order-disorder transition of the (3x3)Sn/Ge(111) phase

Growing attention has been drawn in the past years to the \alpha-phase (1/3 monolayer) of Sn on Ge(111), which undergoes a transition from the low temperature (3x3) phase to the room temperature (\sqrt3 x \sqrt3)R30 one. On the basis of scanning tunnelling microscopy experiments, this transition was claimed to be the manifestation of a surface charge density wave (SCDW), i.e. a periodic redistribution of charge, possibly accompanied by a periodic lattice distortion, which determines a change of the surface symmetry. As further experiments with different techniques were being performed, increasing doubts were cast about the SCDW model. We have measured by He scattering the long range order of the 1/3 monolayer phase of Sn on the Ge(111) surface throughout the phase transition. The transition has been found of the order-disorder type with a critical temperature Tc=220 K. The expected 3-State Potts critical exponents are shown to be consistent with the observed power law dependence of the (3x3) order parameter and its correlation length close to Tc, thus excluding a charge density wave driven phase transition.Comment: 6 pages with 4 figures; updated reference