The vapor permeability and wear resistance of full-body protective garments

Typescript (photocopy).Studies of the solvent vapor permeability of polymeric materials that may be used in the construction of full-body protective garments were completed. These investigations demonstrated that vapor permeability is a function of polymer type, the nature of the solvent and is directly proportional to solvent concentration. The solvents used in this study were: aniline, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, cellosolve, phenol and toluene. The polymers tested were: natural rubber, supported NBR nitrile, unsupported NBR nitrile, Saranex-laminated Tyvek and Viton. Other studies measured the wear resistance of these materials and their durability to repeated laundering. The results of these studies showed that both Viton, a perfluorinated hydrocarbon and Saranex-laminated Tyvek, a laminated polyethylene spun-bound fiber, both demonstrated superior permeation resistance to most solvent vapors. However, Saranex-laminated Tyvek showed poor stability to laundering and clearly is suitable only as a disposable garment material. Natural rubber, although resistant to repeated cleanings, was the poorest of the materials tested in terms of permeation resistance to solvent vapors. The other two polymers occupy intermediate positions between natural rubber and Viton or Saranex-laminated Tyvek. Each polymer was subjected to three wear tests; creasing, stretching, and abrasion. To perform these tests, a wear test apparatus was designed and constructed specifically for this purpose. In general, Saranex-laminated Tyvek and Supported NBR Nitrile exhibited the poorest resistance to wear especially to creasing and stretching. Of the remaining polymers, both Viton and natural rubber performed extremely well and showed excellent resistance to wear in all three tests. Based on the vapor permeation, laundering and wear tests, Viton demonstrated the best overall performance. Saranex-laminated Tyvek shows superior vapor permeation resistance but poor resistance to wear and laundering. It is obviously best suited for use as a disposable garment. Finally, the other three polymers, natural rubber and supported and unsupported NBR nitrile, while useful under special circumstances, may not be as suitable as Viton or Saranex-laminated Tyvek as general purpose materials

Outcomes of Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated With Gemtuzumab-Ozogamicin: Cue To Optimized Chemotherapy Backbone

The optimal approach to combine gemtuzumab-ozogamicin (GO) with various chemotherapy backbones and other newer agents safely remains to be determined. We performed a retrospective analysis of the safety and outcomes of adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with GO with intensified versus standard anthracycline doses (daunorubicin dose 90 mg/m2 vs 60 mg/m2) ± FLT3 inhibitors. The χ2 test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare categorical and continuous data. Survival estimates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and survival comparisons made using log‐rank test. We report a 97% overall response rate in 34 patients with newly diagnosed AML with a median age of 54 years (19-75 years) treated with GO and standard induction. The 11 patients (100%) receiving GO plus daunorubicin dose 90 mg/m2 as part of 7 + 3 induction achieved complete response versus 91% (20/22) complete response in the standard daunorubicin dose group (P = NS). No increased toxicity was noted with the higher daunorubicin dose or when GO and 7 + 3 were combined with FLT3 inhibitors in 3 younger patients (<60 years). Two older patients treated with GO+7 + 3 and FLT3i experienced grade 3 or higher cardiotoxicity. We observed a longer estimated event-free survival for patients with newly diagnosed AML in our cohort (median, 24 months; 95% confidence interval, 17.2 to not reached) compared with historical data. We demonstrate that anthracycline dose intensification with GO may offer higher response rates without increased toxicity in younger patients presenting with de novo AML across European Leukemia Net risk categories. Novel therapies are transforming care for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Chemotherapy remains a key backbone in management of fit patients with AML. The optimal approach to combine gemtuzumab-ozogamicin (GO) with various chemotherapy backbones and other newer agents safely remains to be defined. We performed a retrospective analysis of the safety and outcomes of newly diagnosed adult patients with AML treated with GO in combination with intensified versus standard anthracycline doses (daunorubicin dose 90 mg/m2 vs 60 mg/m2) ± FLT3 inhibitors. We report an overall response rate of 97% in patients with newly diagnosed AML (n = 37); all patients (N = 11) receiving GO plus daunorubicin dose 90 mg/m2 as part of 7 + 3 induction achieved complete response without increased rates of toxicity. No increased toxicity was noted when GO and 7 + 3 were combined with FLT3 inhibitors were safe in younger patients; however, 2 older patients treated with GO+7 + 3 and FLT3i experienced cardiac issues. We demonstrate that anthracycline dose intensification in combination with GO± FLT3i may offer higher response rates without increased toxicity in younger patients presenting with de novo AML across all European Leukemia Net risk categories