The atlas of mitochondrial genetic diversity for Western Palaearctic butterflies

Motivation Butterflies represent a model in biology and a flagship group for invertebrate conservation. We provide four new resources for the Western Palaearctic butterflies: (1) an updated checklist comprising 552 species; (2) a curated dataset of 32,126 mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences for 532 species, including a de novo reference library for the Maghreb (Morocco, northern Algeria and Tunisia) and Macaronesia (Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands); (3) seven indexes of intraspecific genetic variation (IGV): observed and expected number of haplotypes, haplotype and nucleotide diversity, two fixation indexes and maximum p-distance; and (4) species-level maps illustrating the distribution of COI variability and haplotype networks. The updated checklist will be fundamental for any application dealing with butterfly diversity in the Western Palaearctic. The IGV indexes provide measures for genetic polymorphism and spatial structure and represent proxies for dispersal capacity. These resources will facilitate comparative studies of macrogenetics, foster integrative taxonomy and aid conservation strategies. Main types of variables contained A complete species checklist in table format, 32,126 mitochondrial DNA barcodes provided with metadata (species membership, WGS84 coordinates and sequence length) and a book in PDF format, including the IGV atlas and indexes, are provided. Spatial location and grain The checklist encompasses Europe up to the Urals in the east, north Macaronesia (the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands) and the Maghreb (Morocco, northern Algeria and Tunisia). COI sequences have been retained in the geographical interval of -31.3 to 67.5° of longitude and 27.5 - 71.2° of latitude. Time period and grain COI sequences originate from studies published between 1998 and 2022 and from de novo sequencing of 2541 specimens done between 2007 and 2022. Major taxa and level of measurement Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea), analysed from individual to species level. Software format Data and functions to manage the dataset are provided in the iodatabase R package (https://github.com/leondap/iodatabase) and in Dryad (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4bjj).Support for this research was provided by the Academy of Finland (Academy Research Fellow, decision no. 328895) and by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (project no. 625997) to V.D., by “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434) to M.M. (grant LCF/BQ/DR20/11790020), and by projects CGL2010-21226/BOS and CGL2013-48277-P (Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad), CGL2016-76322 (AEI/FEDER, UE), PID2019-107078GB-I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and 2017-SGR-991 (Generalitat de Catalunya) to R.Vi., the grant BES-2017-080641 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future” to J.C.H., the project PID2020-117739GA-I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) to G.T., and by the Direttiva Biodiversità 2019 and 2020 projects (Ministero della Transizione Ecologica) to L.D.1 INTRODUCTION 2 METHODS 2.1 Checklists and geographical ranges 2.2 Data acquisition, curation and quality control 2.3 Indexes of genetic variation 2.4 Maps of genetic variation 2.5 Haplotype networks 2.6 Script availability 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FUNDING INFORMATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST BIOSKETC

Translational research into the effects of cigarette smoke on inflammatory mediators and epithelial TRPV1 in Crohn’s disease

Crohn's disease is a pathological condition of the gastro-intestinal tract, causing severe transmural inflammation in the ileum and/or colon. Cigarette smoking is one of the best known environmental risk factors for the development of Crohn's disease. Nevertheless, very little is known about the effect of prolonged cigarette smoke exposure on inflammatory modulators in the gut. We examined the effect of cigarette smoke on cytokine profiles in the healthy and inflamed gut of human subjects and in the trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid mouse model, which mimics distal Crohn-like colitis. In addition, the effect of cigarette smoke on epithelial expression of transient receptor potential channels and their concurrent increase with cigarette smoke-augmented cytokine production was investigated. Active smoking was associated with increasedIL-8transcription in ileum of controls (p < 0,001; n = 18-20/group). In the ileum, TRPV1 mRNA levels were decreased in never smoking Crohn's disease patients compared to healthy subjects (p <0,001; n = 20/group). In the colon, TRPV1 mRNA levels were decreased (p = 0,046) in smoking healthy controls (n = 20/group). Likewise, healthy mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (n = 10/group) showed elevated ilealCxcl2(p = 0,0075) and colonicKcmRNA levels (p = 0,0186), whereas TRPV1 mRNA and protein levels were elevated in the ileum (p = 0,0315). Although cigarette smoke exposure prior to trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid administration did not alter disease activity, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production was observed in the distal colon (Kc: p = 0,0273; Cxcl2: p = 0,104; Il1-beta: p = 0,0796), in parallel with the increase ofTrpv1mRNA (p < 0,001). We infer that CS affects pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in healthy and inflamed gut, and that the simultaneous modulation of TRPV1 may point to a potential involvement of TRPV1 in cigarette smoke-induced production of inflammatory mediators

Proprietes fonctionnelles de la gomme xanthane : proprietes rheologiques des solutions aqueuses et interactions avec la gomme de caroube

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Consumer texture descriptions of a set of processed cheese

The aim of this study was to characterize the texture of a set of processed cheeses by consumers taking diversity in perception, handling the product and vocabulary into account. Hence, a free-text comment methodology using a personal approach was investigated to answer the following questions: Which are the terms frequently generated by consumers? Which are the main characteristics of products based on consumer descriptions? Are we able to identify the texture specificities of a product or a group of products? A set of 20 products representing the texture diversity in the processed cheese market were studied. The term frequencies were studied for the entire product set. In total, 550 different terms were generated, among which, 9 terms Sticky, Shiny, Yellow, Smooth, Compact, Hard, Spreadable, Creamy and Easy to spread were the most frequently elicited by the consumers. In addition, the product profiles were obtained on the basis of the products' main characteristics. Specific terms and differences in frequencies were then studied for each product. This approach made it possible to describe the products by means of the terms given by consumers. In particular, common characteristics among some products raise the question of the relationship between product description and formulation factors

Impact of continuous phase and particle content on rheological behaviour of apple cells suspensions

International audienc

Effect of structural parameters on rheological behaviour of reconstructed puree

International audienc

Impact of continuous phase and particle content on rheological behaviour of apple cells suspensions

International audienc

Perception, préférences et consommation alimentaires chez les personnes âgées atteintes de la maladie d'Alzheimer

International audienceLa prise en charge de la dénutrition chez les patients âgés Alzheimer est au cœur des préoccupations des praticiens et implique une adaptation de l’alimentation, laissant trop souvent oublier l’importance capitale de l’aliment comme source de plaisir. Comprendre les mécanismes perceptifs menant à l’appréciation des aliments est donc essentiel pour mieux appréhender les préférences des malades, les intégrer dans la construction des repas et favoriser la consommation. Ne plus voir l’alimentation des personnes atteintes de maladie d’Alzheimer seulement à l’échelle nutritionnelle mais à l’échelle du repas, avec l’ensemble de ses composantes sociales, psychologiques et physiologiques, tel est le défi de demain pour accompagner au mieux les malades et qu’ils retrouvent le plaisir de manger

Effect of structural parameters on rheological behaviour of apple cells dispersions: A comparison of real systems and model systems.

International audienc