Trois fenêtres pour un panorama. Contributions des réflexions féministes, genrées et queer produites en Italie dans le cadre des disciplines spatiales à partir des années 1990

L’obiettivo del contributo, scritto in lingua francese, è indagare come gli approccio di genere e queer influenzino la riflessione sulla teoria e le pratiche dello spazio in Italia, mediante l’attività di diverse soggettività. Il background delle autrici proviene da dipartimenti di architettura italiani, dove si sviluppano sia studi urbani che pratiche di progettazione spaziale a diverse scale. Questo contesto è stato contaminato da temi che emergono nella nuvola dei movimenti femministi e transfemministi queer, contaminazioni che rimangono sconosciute e/o non inserite in un quadro di riferimento definito. La mancanza di riconoscimento è - crediamo - almeno in parte legata a una particolarità della sfera italiana: a differenza di altri Paesi, in Italia le istanze dei movimenti non hanno trovato una traduzione istituzionale nella formazione di quadri accademici, come i dipartimenti di genere o di studi queer. Questo discorso ha quindi trovato un posto per la costruzione di sé in contesti diversi e di varia natura, a volte anche in conflitto tra loro. Tale peculiarità, e il carattere trasversale che attribuiamo alla nostra disciplina, ci ha portato a mettere in discussione alcune delle diverse soggettività che giocano un ruolo nella costruzione del dibattito: 1. i gruppi storici del femminismo della differenza, presenza fondamentale caratterizzante del discorso italiano, come confronto persistente con l’ingombrante portata, ricca e costrittiva, del loro patrimonio teorico; 2. i mediatori e le mediatrici che, trasponendo un punto di vista femminista sulla pianificazione, operano in dialogo e negoziazione con le amministrazioni, soprattutto riguardo le questioni aperte dalla natura universalistica e mainstream dell’approccio istituzionale delle politiche urbano di genere; 3. i movimenti transfemministi queer, in opposizione alle soggettività fino ad ora proposte, le cui pratiche spaziali più recenti interessano per la natura sovversiva e creativa della loro radicalità. Il contributo individua il particolare interesse del caso italiano nell’intreccio tra le soggettività e le loro relazioni, che produce un discorso profondo e variegato, trasformando la mancanza di un quadro istituzionale in un fertile scenario produttivo.Cette contribution a pour objectif d’enquêter sur la façon dont une approche genrée et queer influence la réflexion sur la théorie et les pratiques de l’espace en Italie au moyen de l’activité de plusieurs subjectivités

A Vienna il femminismo incontra l'urbanistica

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"Lanificio Gruber" in Terni: an ancient artefact of the industrial archaeology, across time of abandon and the new incentives of sustainable regeneration

The "Lanificio Gruber", is an ancient woolmill located in Terni, an Italian industrial town, called "the little Manchester", for its deep involvement in the industrial economy, with a weapons factory, an important steel mill and other textile manufactures. The historical frame of the "Lanificio Gruber": its activity started in 1846, and end in 1939, that is very early compared to the life of the other factories, this is why the area has always be seen as a void inside the town, without any valorization, and completely left to a state of abandon. The paper will present an architectural project that concern a complex intervention degree: in fact, it comprehends an architectural scale, in considering the ancient buildings of the factory, but it can also be seen as a more extended project, which involves the green area around the buildings and its relation with the territory around, according to its particular position, between the city center and the industrial area, directly related to the Nera river, and - in an even more ample scale - in connection with the extremely beautiful landscape of the "Valnerina", with its famous "Marmore waterfall". The technical aspects of the buildings are been analyzed with the laser scanner technique for the metrical and topographical surveys; a multilevel approach has been used to combine the research data into three future scenarios of development: inhabitants participation, valorization of the historical aspects (as part of the "minor heritage"), potential connection with the surrounding landscape

Urban architecture, Gender Mainstreaming and the impact of feminism

Ce travail de thèse explore les possibilités d’une architecture urbaine attentive aux questions de genre, sous un prisme féministe intersectionnel. Depuis la fin des années 1990, des expérimentations en ce sens ont commencé à devenir de plus en plus nombreuses, à partir de l’exemple pionnier de Vienne, devenue la ville de référence par excellence. Cette thèse s’intéresse particulièrement aux expérimentations parisiennes, tout en gardant une vision comparative avec des projets dans d’autres villes européennes. En tant qu’axes influençant l’architecture urbaine, les politiques publiques et la militance sont aussi explorées, au niveau français et italien. Leur apport met en lumière les potentialités de réinvention symbolique et matérielle de l’architecture urbaine, basculant du système hétéropatriarcal vers plus d’inclusion et de justice spatiale. Les questions de fond de ce travail reposent sur l’influence des théories féministes dans la pratique professionnelle des architectes et urbanistes, sur leur rôle dans la transformation des approches à la ville et à l’urbanisme, ainsi que dans la transformation des esthétiques architecturales et urbaines. À travers une approche méthodologique située, réflexive et interdisciplinaire, issue des disciplines de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme, le travail de terrain effectué a eu l’objectif de rechercher des tendances, des évolutions et des constantes dans les projets d’architecture urbaine genrée. En tenant compte de l’évolution temporelle des mentalités sur le genre, et de la prise de conscience de plus en plus profonde des questions féministes, cette thèse se positionne avec une approche critique vis-à-vis du Gender Mainstreaming.This thesis explores the possibilities of a gender-sensitive urban architecture, under an intersectional feminist prism. Since the end of the 1990s, experiments in this direction have begun to become more and more numerous, starting from the pioneering example of Vienna, which has become the city of reference par excellence. This thesis is particularly interested in Parisian experiments, while keeping a comparative vision with projects in other European cities. As axes influencing urban architecture, public policies and activism are also explored, at the French and Italian level. Their contribution highlights the potential for symbolic and material reinvention of urban architecture, shifting from the heteropatriarchal system towards greater inclusion and spatial justice. The basic questions of this work are based on the influence of feminist theories in the professional practice of architects and urban planners, on their role in the transformation of approaches to the city and urban planning, as well as in the transformation of architectural and urban aesthetics. Through a situated, reflexive and interdisciplinary methodological approach, stemming from the disciplines of architecture and urban planning, the fieldwork carried out had the objective of seeking trends, evolutions and constants in the design process of gendered urban architecture. Taking into account the temporal evolution of mentalities on gender, and the increasingly deep awareness of feminist issues, this thesis has critical approach to Gender Mainstreaming

Lanificio Gruber in Terni: an ancient artefact of the industrial archaeology, across time of abandon and the new incentives of sustainable regeneration

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The Boundary the feminine and the masculine in the architectural vision, trough Paola Coppola Pignatelli’s oeuvre

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Architecture urbaine, Gender Mainstreaming et impact du féminisme

This thesis explores the possibilities of a gender-sensitive urban architecture, under an intersectional feminist prism. Since the end of the 1990s, experiments in this direction have begun to become more and more numerous, starting from the pioneering example of Vienna, which has become the city of reference par excellence. This thesis is particularly interested in Parisian experiments, while keeping a comparative vision with projects in other European cities. As axes influencing urban architecture, public policies and activism are also explored, at the French and Italian level. Their contribution highlights the potential for symbolic and material reinvention of urban architecture, shifting from the heteropatriarchal system towards greater inclusion and spatial justice. The basic questions of this work are based on the influence of feminist theories in the professional practice of architects and urban planners, on their role in the transformation of approaches to the city and urban planning, as well as in the transformation of architectural and urban aesthetics. Through a situated, reflexive and interdisciplinary methodological approach, stemming from the disciplines of architecture and urban planning, the fieldwork carried out had the objective of seeking trends, evolutions and constants in the design process of gendered urban architecture. Taking into account the temporal evolution of mentalities on gender, and the increasingly deep awareness of feminist issues, this thesis has critical approach to Gender Mainstreaming.Ce travail de thèse explore les possibilités d’une architecture urbaine attentive aux questions de genre, sous un prisme féministe intersectionnel. Depuis la fin des années 1990, des expérimentations en ce sens ont commencé à devenir de plus en plus nombreuses, à partir de l’exemple pionnier de Vienne, devenue la ville de référence par excellence. Cette thèse s’intéresse particulièrement aux expérimentations parisiennes, tout en gardant une vision comparative avec des projets dans d’autres villes européennes. En tant qu’axes influençant l’architecture urbaine, les politiques publiques et la militance sont aussi explorées, au niveau français et italien. Leur apport met en lumière les potentialités de réinvention symbolique et matérielle de l’architecture urbaine, basculant du système hétéropatriarcal vers plus d’inclusion et de justice spatiale. Les questions de fond de ce travail reposent sur l’influence des théories féministes dans la pratique professionnelle des architectes et urbanistes, sur leur rôle dans la transformation des approches à la ville et à l’urbanisme, ainsi que dans la transformation des esthétiques architecturales et urbaines. À travers une approche méthodologique située, réflexive et interdisciplinaire, issue des disciplines de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme, le travail de terrain effectué a eu l’objectif de rechercher des tendances, des évolutions et des constantes dans les projets d’architecture urbaine genrée. En tenant compte de l’évolution temporelle des mentalités sur le genre, et de la prise de conscience de plus en plus profonde des questions féministes, cette thèse se positionne avec une approche critique vis-à-vis du Gender Mainstreaming

Kitchens: a story of a cultural production

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Urban architecture, gender mainstreaming and the impact of feminism

Questo lavoro di tesi esplora i possibili sviluppi di un'architettura urbana sensibile alle questioni di genere, sotto un prisma femminista intersezionale. Dalla fine degli anni '90, le sperimentazioni in questa direzione hanno cominciato a farsi sempre più numerose, a cominciare dall'esempio pionieristico di Vienna, divenuta città di riferimento per eccellenza. Questa tesi è particolarmente interessata ai progetti sperimentali di Parigi, pur mantenendo una visione comparativa con progetti in altre città europee. In quanto approcci che influenzano l'architettura urbana, vengono esplorati anche le politiche pubbliche e l'attivismo, a livello francese e italiano. Il loro contributo evidenzia il potenziale di reinvenzione simbolica e materiale dell'architettura urbana, passando dal sistema eteropatriarcale verso una maggiore inclusione e giustizia spaziale. Gli interrogativi principali di questo lavoro si basano sull'influenza delle teorie femministe nella pratica professionale di architette·i e urbaniste·i, sul loro ruolo nella trasformazione degli approcci alla città e alla pianificazione urbana, nonché nella trasformazione dell'estetica architettonica e urbana. Attraverso un approccio metodologico situato, riflessivo e interdisciplinare, derivante dalle discipline dell'architettura e dell'urbanistica, il fieldwork svolto ha avuto l'obiettivo di ricercare tendenze, evoluzioni e costanti nei progetti di architettura urbana di genere. Tenendo conto dell'evoluzione temporale delle mentalità sul genere e della consapevolezza sempre più profonda delle questioni femministe, questa tesi assume un approccio critico al Gender Mainstreaming. In aggiunta al pdf della tesi è presente un documento riassuntivo in lingua italiana.Ce travail de thèse explore les possibilités d’une architecture urbaine attentive aux questions de genre, sous un prisme féministe intersectionnel. Depuis la fin des années 1990, des expérimentations en ce sens ont commencé à devenir de plus en plus nombreuses, à partir de l’exemple pionnier de Vienne, devenue la ville de référence par excellence. Cette thèse s’intéresse particulièrement aux expérimentations parisiennes, tout en gardant une vision comparative avec des projets dans d’autres villes européennes. En tant qu’axes influençant l’architecture urbaine, les politiques publiques et la militance sont aussi explorées, au niveau français et italien. Leur apport met en lumière les potentialités de réinvention symbolique et matérielle de l’architecture urbaine, basculant du système hétéropatriarcal vers plus d’inclusion et de justice spatiale. Les questions de fond de ce travail reposent sur l’influence des théories féministes dans la pratique professionnelle des architectes et urbanistes, sur leur rôle dans la transformation des approches à la ville et à l’urbanisme, ainsi que dans la transformation des esthétiques architecturales et urbaines. À travers une approche méthodologique située, réflexive et interdisciplinaire, issue des disciplines de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme, le travail de terrain effectué a eu l’objectif de rechercher des tendances, des évolutions et des constantes dans les projets d’architecture urbaine genrée. En tenant compte de l’évolution temporelle des mentalités sur le genre, et de la prise de conscience de plus en plus profonde des questions féministes, cette thèse se positionne avec une approche critique vis-à-vis du Gender Mainstreaming. En plus du PDF de la thèse, un document de synthèse en italien est joint en complément. Mots-clés : architecture urbaine, féminisme, gender mainstreaming, intersectionnalité, participation, militance, politiques publiques, esthétique de la ville.This thesis explores the possibilities of a gender-sensitive urban architecture, under an intersectional feminist prism. Since the end of the 1990s, experiments in this direction have begun to become more and more numerous, starting from the pioneering example of Vienna, which has become the city of reference par excellence. This thesis is particularly interested in Parisian experiments, while keeping a comparative vision with projects in other European cities. As axes influencing urban architecture, public policies and activism are also explored, at the French and Italian level. Their contribution highlights the potential for symbolic and material reinvention of urban architecture, shifting from the heteropatriarchal system towards greater inclusion and spatial justice. The basic questions of this work are based on the influence of feminist theories in the professional practice of architects and urban planners, on their role in the transformation of approaches to the city and urban planning, as well as in the transformation of architectural and urban aesthetics. Through a situated, reflexive and interdisciplinary methodological approach, stemming from the disciplines of architecture and urban planning, the fieldwork carried out had the objective of seeking trends, evolutions and constants in the design process of gendered urban architecture. Taking into account the temporal evolution of mentalities on gender, and the increasingly deep awareness of feminist issues, this thesis has critical approach to Gender Mainstreaming. In addition to the PDF of the thesis, a summary document in Italian is attached. Keywords: urban architecture, feminism, gender mainstreaming, intersectionality, participation, activism, public policies, aesthetics of the city