Biometry of leaves, fruits and seeds of Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi Willd)

Mabolo, originaria de Filipinas, de condiciones favorables para el crecimiento y la producción comercial en Brasil, es propagada vía semilla o por estacas. Considerando la variabilidad entre huertos frutales, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar la biometria de frutos, semillas y hojas de mabolo pertenecientes al Banco Activo de Germoplasma de la UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal. Fueron recolectados 50 frutos y 50 hojas de tres accesos de plantas adultas obtenidas por semilla, determinándose en los frutos y semillas: masa (g), largo y ancho (cm), además del porcentaje de pulpa y número medio de semillas por fruto. En las hojas fue medido el largo y ancho (cm), además de la longitud del pecíolo (cm) y el área foliar total (cm2). La clasificación biométrica, basada en intervalos de frecuencia de frutos, reveló que el acceso A1 presentó mayor cantidad de frutos con porcentaje médio de pulpa y frutos con cascara más leve. La comparación de los accesos, basada apenas en la média, evidenció que el acceso A3 presentó mayor média de masa, largo, ancho del fruto, además de la masa de la pulpa. La biometria foliar de hojas en el acceso A3 presentó apenas la mayor média en el ancho foliar y largo del pecíolo. Tanto la clasificación biométrica en intervalos de frecuencia, como el uso de medias, mostró apenas pequeñas diferencias entre los accesos de mabolo con relación a la biometría de las hojas, no evidenciando cambios en la morfología de las hojas de las plantas de los tres accesos.Mabolo originally from the Philippines, favorable conditions for growth and commercial production in Brazil, being propagated via seeds or cuttings. Considering the variabilidade between orchards francs. The present research aimed to evaluate the biometrics of fruits, seeds and leaves of mabolo from Active Germplasm Bank of UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal city, São Paulo state, Brazil. Fifty fruits and fifty leaves were collected from three accesses of mabolo obtained by seed and with different morphological features, determining in fruits and seeds: mass (g), length and width (cm), and the percentage of pulp and average number of seeds per fruit. In the leaves was measured the length and width (cm), and for the petiole length (cm) and leaf area (cm2). The biometric classification based on frequency ranges of Mabolo fruit, revealed that access A1 had higher amounts of fruits with a mean percentage of fruit pulp and rind with lighter. The comparison of access, based only on mean, showed that the A3 access had higher mean weight, length and width of the fruit, beyond the mass of pulp. The leaf biometrics in access A3 presented only the highest mean in leaf width and petiole length. Both biometric classification in frequency ranges, such as the use of medium, showed only small differences between accesses of Mabolo with relation to leaf biometrics, showing no changes in leaf morphology of plants of the three accesses.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Biometry of leaves, fruits and seeds of Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi Willd)

Mabolo, originaria de Filipinas, de condiciones favorables para el crecimiento y la producción comercial en Brasil, es propagada vía semilla o por estacas. Considerando la variabilidad entre huertos frutales, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar la biometria de frutos, semillas y hojas de mabolo pertenecientes al Banco Activo de Germoplasma de la UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal. Fueron recolectados 50 frutos y 50 hojas de tres accesos de plantas adultas obtenidas por semilla, determinándose en los frutos y semillas: masa (g), largo y ancho (cm), además del porcentaje de pulpa y número medio de semillas por fruto. En las hojas fue medido el largo y ancho (cm), además de la longitud del pecíolo (cm) y el área foliar total (cm2). La clasificación biométrica, basada en intervalos de frecuencia de frutos, reveló que el acceso A1 presentó mayor cantidad de frutos con porcentaje médio de pulpa y frutos con cascara más leve. La comparación de los accesos, basada apenas en la média, evidenció que el acceso A3 presentó mayor média de masa, largo, ancho del fruto, además de la masa de la pulpa. La biometria foliar de hojas en el acceso A3 presentó apenas la mayor média en el ancho foliar y largo del pecíolo. Tanto la clasificación biométrica en intervalos de frecuencia, como el uso de medias, mostró apenas pequeñas diferencias entre los accesos de mabolo con relación a la biometría de las hojas, no evidenciando cambios en la morfología de las hojas de las plantas de los tres accesos.Mabolo originally from the Philippines, favorable conditions for growth and commercial production in Brazil, being propagated via seeds or cuttings. Considering the variabilidade between orchards francs. The present research aimed to evaluate the biometrics of fruits, seeds and leaves of mabolo from Active Germplasm Bank of UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal city, São Paulo state, Brazil. Fifty fruits and fifty leaves were collected from three accesses of mabolo obtained by seed and with different morphological features, determining in fruits and seeds: mass (g), length and width (cm), and the percentage of pulp and average number of seeds per fruit. In the leaves was measured the length and width (cm), and for the petiole length (cm) and leaf area (cm2). The biometric classification based on frequency ranges of Mabolo fruit, revealed that access A1 had higher amounts of fruits with a mean percentage of fruit pulp and rind with lighter. The comparison of access, based only on mean, showed that the A3 access had higher mean weight, length and width of the fruit, beyond the mass of pulp. The leaf biometrics in access A3 presented only the highest mean in leaf width and petiole length. Both biometric classification in frequency ranges, such as the use of medium, showed only small differences between accesses of Mabolo with relation to leaf biometrics, showing no changes in leaf morphology of plants of the three accesses.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Biometry of leaves, fruits and seeds of Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi Willd)

Mabolo, originaria de Filipinas, de condiciones favorables para el crecimiento y la producción comercial en Brasil, es propagada vía semilla o por estacas. Considerando la variabilidad entre huertos frutales, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar la biometria de frutos, semillas y hojas de mabolo pertenecientes al Banco Activo de Germoplasma de la UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal. Fueron recolectados 50 frutos y 50 hojas de tres accesos de plantas adultas obtenidas por semilla, determinándose en los frutos y semillas: masa (g), largo y ancho (cm), además del porcentaje de pulpa y número medio de semillas por fruto. En las hojas fue medido el largo y ancho (cm), además de la longitud del pecíolo (cm) y el área foliar total (cm2). La clasificación biométrica, basada en intervalos de frecuencia de frutos, reveló que el acceso A1 presentó mayor cantidad de frutos con porcentaje médio de pulpa y frutos con cascara más leve. La comparación de los accesos, basada apenas en la média, evidenció que el acceso A3 presentó mayor média de masa, largo, ancho del fruto, además de la masa de la pulpa. La biometria foliar de hojas en el acceso A3 presentó apenas la mayor média en el ancho foliar y largo del pecíolo. Tanto la clasificación biométrica en intervalos de frecuencia, como el uso de medias, mostró apenas pequeñas diferencias entre los accesos de mabolo con relación a la biometría de las hojas, no evidenciando cambios en la morfología de las hojas de las plantas de los tres accesos.Mabolo originally from the Philippines, favorable conditions for growth and commercial production in Brazil, being propagated via seeds or cuttings. Considering the variabilidade between orchards francs. The present research aimed to evaluate the biometrics of fruits, seeds and leaves of mabolo from Active Germplasm Bank of UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal city, São Paulo state, Brazil. Fifty fruits and fifty leaves were collected from three accesses of mabolo obtained by seed and with different morphological features, determining in fruits and seeds: mass (g), length and width (cm), and the percentage of pulp and average number of seeds per fruit. In the leaves was measured the length and width (cm), and for the petiole length (cm) and leaf area (cm2). The biometric classification based on frequency ranges of Mabolo fruit, revealed that access A1 had higher amounts of fruits with a mean percentage of fruit pulp and rind with lighter. The comparison of access, based only on mean, showed that the A3 access had higher mean weight, length and width of the fruit, beyond the mass of pulp. The leaf biometrics in access A3 presented only the highest mean in leaf width and petiole length. Both biometric classification in frequency ranges, such as the use of medium, showed only small differences between accesses of Mabolo with relation to leaf biometrics, showing no changes in leaf morphology of plants of the three accesses.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Biometry of leaves, fruits and seeds of Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi Willd)

Mabolo, originaria de Filipinas, de condiciones favorables para el crecimiento y la producción comercial en Brasil, es propagada vía semilla o por estacas. Considerando la variabilidad entre huertos frutales, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar la biometria de frutos, semillas y hojas de mabolo pertenecientes al Banco Activo de Germoplasma de la UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal. Fueron recolectados 50 frutos y 50 hojas de tres accesos de plantas adultas obtenidas por semilla, determinándose en los frutos y semillas: masa (g), largo y ancho (cm), además del porcentaje de pulpa y número medio de semillas por fruto. En las hojas fue medido el largo y ancho (cm), además de la longitud del pecíolo (cm) y el área foliar total (cm2). La clasificación biométrica, basada en intervalos de frecuencia de frutos, reveló que el acceso A1 presentó mayor cantidad de frutos con porcentaje médio de pulpa y frutos con cascara más leve. La comparación de los accesos, basada apenas en la média, evidenció que el acceso A3 presentó mayor média de masa, largo, ancho del fruto, además de la masa de la pulpa. La biometria foliar de hojas en el acceso A3 presentó apenas la mayor média en el ancho foliar y largo del pecíolo. Tanto la clasificación biométrica en intervalos de frecuencia, como el uso de medias, mostró apenas pequeñas diferencias entre los accesos de mabolo con relación a la biometría de las hojas, no evidenciando cambios en la morfología de las hojas de las plantas de los tres accesos

Evolution of pollen grain morphology in Amorimia W.R. Anderson and allies (Malpighiaceae)

Background and aims: The genus Amorimia W.R. Anderson (Malpighiaceae), was recently segregated from species previously treated as the genus Mascagnia Bertero and then subdivides into two subgenera Amorimia subgenus Amorimia and Amorimia subgenus Uncinae, based on morphological and molecular data. Pollen grains have been used to improve the taxonomic classification of many ranks (i.e., species, genus, family) over the past two centuries. The pollen grains of the species of Amorimia were not previously analyzed. Therefore, we  descibe in detail the pollen morphology of 13 (out of 15) species of Amorimia, 1 species of Mascagnia Bertero and 1 species of Ectopopterys W.R. Anderson and reconstruct the phylogeny framework to understand the patterns of micromorphological pollen evolution in the genus. Material and Methods: The pollen grains were acetolysed, measured and photographed under light microscope. The quantitative data were submited to a multivariate analysis and were also made a character-mapping to identify which pollen characters are important in distinguishing species.Key Results: The pollen grains of the analyzed species are monads, apolar, medium to large, with circular amb, oblate-spheroidal to prolate-spheroidal, presenting apertures that may be 3-colporate, with long and narrow colpi and circular endoaperture (Ectopopterys), 6- porate (Amorimia) or 8-porate (Mascagnia). Exine presenting a rugulate  ornamentation which may or may not have areolate or psilate areas close to the pore or distributed by the surface of the pollen grain.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Amorimia is a stenopolinic genus and the characteristics of the pollen grains are importante to segregate the genus. Nonetheless, there characteristics do not corroborate with the subdivision of this genus

Palinologia de Amaranthaceae e Araliaceae nativas em fragmentos florestais remanescentes da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo

RESUMO Foram investigados os grãos de pólen de duas espécies de Amaranthaceae e três espécies de Araliaceae ocorrentes em fragmentos florestais remanescentes, contribuindo dessa forma com a palinologia, taxonomia e conservação de áreas degradadas. Os grãos de pólen foram acetolisados, medidos, descritos qualitativamente e fotografados sob microscopia de luz e de varredura. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Os grãos de pólen das espécies de Amaranthaceae são mônades, pequenos, apolares, esféricos, pantoporados com exina metarreticulada. Os das espécies de Araliaceae são mônades, pequenos a médios, isopolares, âmbito subcircular a subtriangular, oblato-esferoidais a subprolatos, 3-colporados, algumas vezes com vestíbulo, endoaberturas lalongadas e exina microrreticulada. Os dados obtidos confirmam o caráter estenopolínico de Amaranthaceae, no entanto as espécies de Araliaceae apresentam características de abertura dos seus grãos de pólen que podem ser usadas para diferenciá-las

Palynology of native Amaranthaceae and Araliaceae in forest fragments of the Northwest of São Paulo State

<p></p><p>ABSTRACT We investigated the pollen morphology of two native species of Amaranthaceae and three of Araliaceae from forest fragments in order to contribute with the palynology, taxonomy, and conservation of degraded areas. The pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured, qualitatively described and photographed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The pollen grains of Amaranthaceae are monads, small, apolar, spherical, pantoporate, and with metareticulate exine. For Araliaceae, the pollen grains are monads, small to medium, isopolar, subcircular to subtriangular, oblato-spheroidal to subprolate, 3-colporate, sometimes with vestibulum, lalongate endoaperture and microreticulate exine. The pollen data confirmed Amaranthaceae as a stenopalynous family. On the other hand, the species of Araliaceae studied characteristically present pollen grains apertures that can be used to differentiate them.</p><p></p

Evolution of pollen grain morphology in Amorimia and allies evidences the importance of palynological apomorphies and homoplasies in Malpighiaceae systematics.

– Pollen grain morphology is an important morphological character for aiding the systematics of flowering plants. For Malpighiaceae, only a single unpublished palynological study has comprehensively sampled ca 60 of this family’s 75 currently accepted genera. To test the systematic relevance of pollen morphology in and allies, we characterised the pollen morphology of these lineages. We scored, coded, and mapped 12 characters onto the most recent molecular phylogeny of and allies. – We sampled 13 species of as ingroup and two species of and as outgroup. Pollen grains were acetolised, characterised, and measured using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen quantitative measurements were submitted to a PCA multivariate analysis. Additionally, quantitative and qualitative characters were scored and coded into 12 characters and mapped onto the molecular phylogeny of and allies. – and allies are stenopalynous due to all species showing the same pollen type, with some subtle differences between the pollen grains, such as details of ornamentation, shape, size, and thickness of the pollen exine. However, the patterns of pollen grain evolution showed that few qualitative and apomorphic characters are informative for intrageneric distinction (i.e. type and number of apertures), and almost all quantitative and homoplastic characters analysed were informative at infrageneric levels within Malpighiaceae. – Our results demonstrate that even though the pollen morphology characters of and allies show subtle variation, both qualitative and quantitative apomorphic and/or homoplastic characters are highly informative for intra- and infrageneric levels in Malpighiaceae when analysed in a phylogenetic context

Flora polínica da reserva do parque estadual das fontes do Ipiranga (São Paulo, SP, Brasil). Famílias: 141-Boraginaceae e 149-Gesneriaceae

No presente estudo foram investigados os grãos de pólen de quatro espécies pertencentes à família Boraginaceae (Cordia sellowiana Cham., Heliotropium indicum L., Tournefortia breviflora DC., T. villosa Salzm. ex DC.) e de duas espécies de Gesneriaceae [Nematanthus villosus (Hanst.) Wiehler, Sinningia allagophylla (Mart.) Wiehler] ocorrentes na "Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga". São apresentadas descrições, ilustrações e observações para todas as espécies estudadas

Flora polínica da reserva do parque estadual das fontes do Ipiranga (São Paulo, SP, Brasil). Famílias: 141-Boraginaceae e 149-Gesneriaceae

Pollen grains of four species of Boraginaceae (Cordia sellowiana Cham., Heliotropium indicum L., Tournefortia breviflora DC., T. villosa Salzm. ex DC.) and of two species of Gesneriaceae [Nematanthus villosus (Hanst.) Wiehler, Sinningia allagophylla (Mart.) Wiehler] occurring in the Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga were examined in the present study. Descriptions, illustrations, and observations of all species studied are presented.No presente estudo foram investigados os grãos de pólen de quatro espécies pertencentes à família Boraginaceae (Cordia sellowiana Cham., Heliotropium indicum L., Tournefortia breviflora DC., T. villosa Salzm. ex DC.) e de duas espécies de Gesneriaceae [Nematanthus villosus (Hanst.) Wiehler, Sinningia allagophylla (Mart.) Wiehler] ocorrentes na "Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga". São apresentadas descrições, ilustrações e observações para todas as espécies estudadas.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES