Patrick Curry interview with Tom Shippey

Patrick Curry interview with Tom Shippey in November 201

Less Noise and More Green : Tolkien\u27s Ideology for England

This essay explores Tolkien’s work (especially The Lord of the Rings) in terms of what I identify as his three central concerns, described here as English culture, nature and ethics. I also defend the work against its detractors, especially cultural materialists. I am more concerned with the reception of the work (e.g. its contemporary meanings) than its production

Beijing Bicycle: The Cruel Story of Youth, City, and Modernization in Contemporary China

About the authors Patrick is a Savannah native and a history major at Armstrong. He served for ten years in the US Army. He is married with four children and now resides in Metter, Georgia where he enjoys making muscadine wine and hopes to become a history teacher. Eric is from Fort Myers, Florida and currently a history major at Armstrong. He hopes to pursue a career in the Intelligence Community or Office of Foreign Service. After retiring from his government ambitions, he hopes to settle back down in Florida to teach history

Taking Free Flap Surgery Abroad: A Collaborative Approach to a Complex Surgical Problem.

Accessibility to health care, especially complex surgical care, represents one of the major health care disparities in developing countries. While surgical teams may be willing to travel to these areas to help address these needs, there are many logistical and ethical dilemmas inherent in this pursuit. We reviewed our approach to the establishment of the team-based surgical outreach program, wherein we perform head and neck free tissue transfer surgery in Haiti. We describe the challenges encountered in the delivery of surgical care as well as ethical dilemmas relevant to surgical outreach trips, highlighting an approach reliant on strong local cooperation. Despite the obstacles in place, our experience shows that free flap surgery can be successfully and ethically performed in these areas of great need

The flow of colloidal suspensions through porous media

The information in this bulletin was condensed from a dissertation submitted by the senior author to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Missouri in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy--P. [2].Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (pages 31-32)

Produce Sections, Town Squares, and Farm Stands: Comparing Local Food Systems in Community Context

A growing literature has grappled with the emergence of local food systems as an alternative to the conventional agricultural model and assumes that the development of local food system venues, such as farmers’ markets, are positive community-building initiatives. Too often left out of this discourse are empirical assessments of the community characteristics that lend themselves to the success of farmers’ markets or similar initiatives. Further, when farmers’ markets are not significantly patronized by community members, does this necessarily mean that people do not value local produce? This article uses the results from surveys of farmers’ market consumers and case studies of local foods initiatives in parts of Illinois to answer these questions and applies the community capitals framework and convention theory to help categorize communities according to their acceptance of farmers’ markets. Our findings demonstrate that consumers value locally-grown food despite location, but seek it out through different channels. The implications are that building successful local food systems is not simply about changing consumer opinion or applying a one-size-fits-all approach to local markets, but will require creativity in developing local markets that build on the current shopping behaviors of consumers

IT Consumerization and New IT Practices: Discriminating, Firefighting and Innovating

This paper investigates the impact of IT consumerization on the internal IT department faced with managing it. IT consumerization is employees wanting to use their consumer devices (e.g., iPads, iPhone, SurfacePros) and applications (e.g., iCloud, LinkedIn) for work purposes. Using case studies of organizations in three different stages of consumerizing the workplace, the study highlights the different practices that internal IT departments deploy in each stage. In the conversion stage IT departments discriminate; in the use stage they firefight; and in the competitive stage they innovate. The study offers implications to the IT literature, much of which focuses on a top-down approach to IT implementation. In contrast, our study takes a bottom up approach where end-users introduce new technology to the organization. This bottom up approach likely explains some IT practices uncovered in this research like internal IT departments getting out of the support business, testing less and embracing failure

TP53-inducible Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulator (TIGAR) Metabolically Reprograms Carcinoma and Stromal Cells in Breast Cancer.

A subgroup of breast cancers has several metabolic compartments. The mechanisms by which metabolic compartmentalization develop in tumors are poorly characterized. TP53 inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is a bisphosphatase that reduces glycolysis and is highly expressed in carcinoma cells in the majority of human breast cancers. Hence we set out to determine the effects of TIGAR expression on breast carcinoma and fibroblast glycolytic phenotype and tumor growth. The overexpression of this bisphosphatase in carcinoma cells induces expression of enzymes and transporters involved in the catabolism of lactate and glutamine. Carcinoma cells overexpressing TIGAR have higher oxygen consumption rates and ATP levels when exposed to glutamine, lactate, or the combination of glutamine and lactate. Coculture of TIGAR overexpressing carcinoma cells and fibroblasts compared with control cocultures induce more pronounced glycolytic differences between carcinoma and fibroblast cells. Carcinoma cells overexpressing TIGAR have reduced glucose uptake and lactate production. Conversely, fibroblasts in coculture with TIGAR overexpressing carcinoma cells induce HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) activation with increased glucose uptake, increased 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3), and lactate dehydrogenase-A expression. We also studied the effect of this enzyme on tumor growth. TIGAR overexpression in carcinoma cells increases tumor growth in vivo with increased proliferation rates. However, a catalytically inactive variant of TIGAR did not induce tumor growth. Therefore, TIGAR expression in breast carcinoma cells promotes metabolic compartmentalization and tumor growth with a mitochondrial metabolic phenotype with lactate and glutamine catabolism. Targeting TIGAR warrants consideration as a potential therapy for breast cancer

Tumor Metabolism in the Microenvironment of Nodal Metastasis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

ABSTRACT Introduction: Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) is a cell membrane transporter of lactate. MCT4 is a tumor-specific marker of oxidative stress, glycolysis and hypoxia in tumor stromal cells. We investigated HPV positive and negative tumors with regional metastases to cervical lymph nodes (LN) to study how the metastatic tumor cells interact with their microenvironment. By selecting cancers with extracapsular extension (ECE), we intended to evaluate the interaction between metastases and the surrounding extranodal tissue. Methods: Clinical data were collected from 24 advanced stage oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients with neck LN metastasis. All patients presented with at least N1 disease and had ECE. Sixteen cases were negative for HPV and eight were positive. Ten patients (42%) had ECE \u3c 1 mm, and 14 (58%) had ECE \u3e than 1 mm. The extent of ECE was quantified on H&E stains by distance from the edge of capsule. The paraffin-embedded metastatic LN sections were stained with MCT4 and quantification was accomplished using the Aperio Co-localization algorithm. Results: High stromal MCT4 expression was strongly associated with the extent of ECE regardless of HPV status (p=0.031). The stromal MCT4 expression in ECE area was significantly higher as opposed to the surrounding extranodal tissue adjacent to intact capsule (p\u3c0.001). We also found a borderline difference in expression of MCT4 in HPV- LN with ECE \u3e1mm vs. \u3c1mm(p=0.06). Conclusions: MCT4 is a marker of oxidative stress and higher expression of stromal MCT4 in ECE area is significantly correlated with the extent of ECE. The stromal cells separating nests of cancer cells in ECE area have apparent expression of the MCT4. Together these findings provide new insight into the critical role of stromal MCT4 in nodal metastasis and ECE in OPSCC and it may be useful to develop a novel prognostic marker and new anti-cancer agents