Emplacement of the Fogo Island Batholith, Newfoundland

The Siluro-Devonian Fogo Island Batholith is a high-level, bimodal, sill-like unit about 7 km thick, intruded by a slightly younger, heterogeneous mafic unit. Stratigraphic evidence suggests emplacement of the batholith by raising of the roof without strong deformation of the host rocks. Large composite gabbro-microgranite dykes below the sill, intruded along axial planar cleavage, probably served as feeders. The upper 3– 4 km of the sill comprise homogeneous to slightly zoned, coarse, hastingsite-biotite granite. Ignimbrite sheets of similar composition above the sill suggest that the granite was emplaced beneath cover rocks no more than 1 km thick. The lower 3 km of the sill consist of heterogeneous, locally layered, mafic rocks. Metre-scale, non-intrusive sheets of contrasting composition mark the contact between the granitic upper and mafic lower part of the sill. A late influx of mafic magma disrupted older mafic rocks and hybridised with granite, producing complex, heterogeneous "diorite". The local presence of A-type compositions in the granitic portion of the batholith may reflect diffusion during this process. A model for emplacement of the batholith assumes crustal anatexis above mantle-derived, underplated mafic magma, followed by passive emplacement of composite magma along tensional fractures related to movements on the Dog Bay Line, a dextral terrane boundary. Later movements on this feature controlled emplacement of further batches of magma, and finally tipped the batholith about 25° to the north, producing its present configuration. RÉSUMÉ Le Batholithe siluro-dévonien de l'île Fogo forme une unité à l'aspect d'un filon-couche bimodale de niveau élevé et d'environ sept kilomètres d'épaisseur, dans laquelle fait intrusion une unité mafique hétérogène légèrement plus récente. Les observations stratigraphiques laissent supposer une mise en place du batholithe par soulèvement du toit sans déformation marquée des roches hôtes. Des dykes composites de gabbro-rhyolite de fortes dimensions au-dessous du filon-couche, ayant subi une intrusion le long de la schistosité de plan axial, ont probablement servi de voies de passage. Les trois à quatre kilomètres supérieurs du filon-couche sont constitués de granite à hastingsite-biotite grossier allant d'homogène à légèrement zoné. Des couches de tuf consolidé d'une composition semblable au-dessus du filon-couche permettent de supposer que la mise en place du granite s'est faite sous des roches de couverture d'au plus un kilomètre d'épaisseur. Les trois kilomètres inférieurs du filon-couche sont constitués de roches mafiques hétérogènes, localement stratifiées. Des nappes non intrusives de quelques mètres d'une composition différente marquent la zone de contact entre le sommet granitique et la base mafique du filon-couche. Un afflux tardif de magma mafique a perturbé les roches mafiques âgées et a entraîné une hybridation avec le granite, produisant des « diorites » hétérogènes complexes. La présence locale de compositions de type A dans la partie granitique du batholithe pourraient témoigner d'une diffusion au cours de ce processus. Un modèle de mise en place du batholite suppose une anatexie crustale au-dessus d'un magma mafique reposant sur des plaques et d'origine mantellique, suivie de la mise en place passive de magma composite le long de fractures de tension apparentées à des mouvements survenus le long de la ligne Dog Bay, une ligne de démarcation de terrane dextre. Des mouvements ultérieurs le long de cette ligne ont déterminé la mise en place d'autres mélanges de magma et ont finalement incliné le batholithe d'environ 25 degrés vers le nord, pour produire sa configuration existante

Developing and demonstrating linear dark field control for exo-Earth Imaging with the Ames Coronagraph Experiment Testbed

Instrumentatio

Reevaluation of the South Asian MYBPC3Δ25bp Intronic Deletion in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Background: The common intronic deletion, MYBPC3Δ25, detected in 4% to 8% of South Asian populations, is reported to be associated with cardiomyopathy, with ≈7-fold increased risk of disease in variant carriers. Here, we examine the contribution of MYBPC3Δ25 to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in a large patient cohort. Methods: Sequence data from 2 HCM cohorts (n=5393) was analyzed to determine MYBPC3Δ25 frequency and co-occurrence of pathogenic variants in HCM genes. Case-control and haplotype analyses were performed to compare variant frequencies and assess disease association. Analyses were also undertaken to investigate the pathogenicity of a candidate variant MYBPC3 c.1224-52G>A. Results: Our data suggest that the risk of HCM, previously attributed to MYBPC3Δ25, can be explained by enrichment of a derived haplotype, MYBPC3Δ25/−52, whereby a small subset of individuals bear both MYBPC3Δ25 and a rare pathogenic variant, MYBPC3 c.1224-52G>A. The intronic MYBPC3 c.1224-52G>A variant, which is not routinely evaluated by gene panel or exome sequencing, was detected in ≈1% of our HCM cohort. Conclusions: The MYBPC3 c.1224-52G>A variant explains the disease risk previously associated with MYBPC3Δ25 in the South Asian population and is one of the most frequent pathogenic variants in HCM in all populations; genotyping services should ensure coverage of this deep intronic mutation. Individuals carrying MYBPC3Δ25 alone are not at increased risk of HCM, and this variant should not be tested in isolation; this is important for the large majority of the 100 million individuals of South Asian ancestry who carry MYBPC3Δ25 and would previously have been declared at increased risk of HCM

Rapid weight loss in free ranging pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata) and the implications for anthropogenic disturbance of odontocetes

Understanding the impacts of foraging disruptions to odontocete body condition is fundamental to quantifying biological effects of human disturbance and environmental changes on cetacean populations. Here, reductions in body volume of free-ranging pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata) were calculated using repeated measurements of the same individuals obtained through Unoccupied Aerial System (UAS)-photogrammetry during a prolonged disruption in foraging activity arising from a 21-day stranding event. Stranded individuals were used to verify UAS-derived volume and length estimates through 3D-imaging, water displacement, and post-mortem measurements. We show that (a) UAS estimates of length were within 1.5% of actual body length and UAS volume estimates were within 10–13% of actual volume, (b) foraging disruption resulted in a daily decrease of 2% of total body mass/day, and (c) pygmy killer whales can lose up to 27% of their total body weight within 17 days. These findings highlight the use of UAS as a promising new method to remotely monitor changes in body condition and animal health, which can be used to determine the potential effects of anthropogenic disturbance and environmental change on free-ranging odontocetes

N2O oxidation of strained-Si/relaxed-SiGe heterostructure grown by UHVCVD

10.1016/S0038-1101(01)00238-6Solid-State Electronics45111945-1949SSEL

The cationic antimicrobial peptide LL-37 modulates dendritic cell differentiation and dendritic cell-induced T cell polarization

Dendritic cells (DC) are instrumental in orchestrating an appropriately polarized Th cell response to pathogens. DC exhibit considerable phenotypic and functional plasticity, influenced by lineage, Ag engagement, and the environment in which they develop and mature. In this study, we identify the human cationic peptide LL-37, found in abundance at sites of inflammation, as a potent modifier of DC differentiation, bridging innate and adaptive immune responses. LL-37-derived DC displayed significantly up-regulated endocytic capacity, modified phagocytic receptor expression and function, up-regulated costimulatory molecule expression, enhanced secretion of Th-1 inducing cytokines, and promoted Th1 responses in vitro. LL-37 may be an attractive therapeutic candidate for manipulating T cell polarization by DC

High daily insulin exposure in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events

Aims Intensive glucose control, often involving insulin treatment, failed to improve cardiovascular outcomes in several clinical trials. Observational studies reported an association between insulin use and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. It has therefore been suggested that insulin adversely affects CVD risk. To investigate the feasibility of this hypothesis, we studied the association between insulin dose and CVD risk in type 2 diabetes. Methods A case-control study was conducted of new users of oral antidiabetics who were prescribed insulin, using the Dutch Pharmo database. Cases were hospitalized for a cardiovascular event (CVE) and matched 1:2 to patients who were not hospitalized for a CVE, by sex, age, duration of diabetes and type of oral antidiabetic. Patients were divided into tertiles according to mean daily insulin dose. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between insulin exposure and CVE risk. Results We included 836 patients (517 (62%) male, mean age 66 years). After adjusting for available potential confounders, including HbA1c and triglycerides, insulin exposure was positively related to CVE risk (odds ratios for high (≥53.0 U/day) and intermediate (24.3–52.9 U/day) vs. low exposure (≤24.2 U/day): 3.00 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.70 to 5.28] and 2.03 [95% CI 1.17 to 3.52]. Conclusion Our findings are in line with the suggestion that high-dose insulin therapy adversely affects CVD risk, but need to be interpreted with caution due to the observational nature of the study. The role of particularly high-dose insulin in the progression of CVD warrants further investigation