Ownership of the Poverty Reduction Strategy in Rwanda

Ownership is said to be the key principle of efficient aid and crucial for a successful outcome of the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS). However, it is a contested concept and has been criticised for being vague and contradictory. This study discusses problems of developing cooperation and aid, with focus on the concept of ownership, and tries to define ownership and assess the state of ownership in Rwanda through the definition. The Rwandan ownership is assessed through an external and an internal dimension, where the behaviour of the donors, the Government of Rwanda (GoR), and the domestic stakeholders in Rwanda has implications for the state of ownership. Ownership is defined as government leadership and stakeholder participation in the PRS process. The study concludes that the state of ownership in Rwanda is mixed; there are indicators of both strong and weak ownership. The government leadership is strong, but there are contradictions in the relation to donors that complicate the state of external ownership. There is space for stakeholder participation in the PRS process, but the openness of the space can be discussed, and the capacity to participate among stakeholders is weak. Moreover, the controversial aspects of ownership are still in question; Rwanda can exemplify the vague as well as the contradictory features of the concept

Protection against the harmful effects of high water in the Krapina's water system

U radu su opisani prirodnogeografski uvjeti otjecanja: reljef, hidrogeološka i klimatološka obiljeţja te način korištenja zemljišta. Potom je analiziran hidrogram kako bi se utvrdile karakteristične protoke Krapine i Krapinčice, glavnih tekućica u porječju. Nakon toga su navedeni uzroci i posljedice pojavljivanja visokih voda. Naposljetku, prikazane su do sada provedene mjere za zaštitu od štetnog djelovanja visokih voda, kao i planirani zahvati u budućnosti u porječju Krapine.In this thesis natural and geographical conditions of drainage are being described: relief, hydrogeological and climatological characteristics and the ways in which the land is used. Furthermore, in order to determine the main characteristics of Krapina's and Krapinčica's confluents, naimley the rivers Krapina and Krapinčica are the main streams in the water system, the hydrograph is analysed. What is more, the causes and consequences due to high waters are presented. Finally, in the thesis the protection measurments against the detrimental effect of high water which have been conducted, as well as the interventions planned for the future in the Krapina's water system are also being presented

Content of phenolic compounds, antioxidative activity and photosynthetic efficiency of sundews Droseraceae

Rosike (Droseraceae) spadaju u mesojedne biljke. Žive na osvijetljenim, močvarnim staništima siromašnim nutrijentima. Imaju aktivne stupice jer pokretanjem svojih tentakula love plijen. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi kako se tri vrste rosika Drosera aliciae, D. capensis i D. spatulata prilagođavaju različitim uvjetima uzgoja te postoje li razlike između plojki listova koje nose tentakule i peteljki listova. U tu svrhu određivan je udio fenolnih spojeva, udio fotosintetskih pigmenata, fotosintetska učinkovitost te antioksidacijska aktivnost. Veća fotosintetska učinkovitost izmjerena je kod plojki u odnosu na peteljke listova, te je viša kod vrsta D. capensis i D. aliciae uzgajanih u vanjskim uvjetima, a kod vrste D. spatulata u sobnim uvjetima. Veći udio fotosintetskih pigmenata izmjeren je kod plojki u odnosu na peteljke listova, što se može povezati s višom fotosintetskom učinkovitošću. Udio ukupnih fenola, flavonoida i antocijana je viši u plojkama u odnosu na peteljke što je i logično jer se na plojkama nalaze ružičasti tentakuli koji privlače kukce. Udio flavonoida i antocijana viši je u vanjskim uvjetima kod vrsta D. spatulata i D. aliciae, dok je kod vrste D. capensis viši u sobnim uvjetima. Razlike između vrsta ukazuju da osim intenziteta svjetlosti i drugi faktori imaju učinak na udio pigmenata i fenolnih spojeva. Antioksidacijska aktivnost je podjednako visoka kod svih triju vrsta.Sundews (Droseraceae) are carnivorous plants. They live in sunny, wetland habitats, poor of nutrients. They have active traps because they hunt prey by moving their tentacles. The aim of this study was to determined how sundews Drosera aliciae, D. capensis and D. spatulata can adapt to different grow conditions as well as, are there any differences between leaf blades carryng tentacules, and petioles. For this purpose, content of phenolic compounds and photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidative activity was evaluated. The higher photosynthetic efficiency was measured in leaf blades than petiole, and it was higher in outdoor-growing D. capensis and D. aliciae, and in indoor-growing D. spatulata. The higher content of photosynthetic pigments was in leaf blades, so we can associate it with high photosynthetic efficiency. Content of phenolic compounds, flavonoides and anthocyanins was higher in leaf blades which was expected because there have red tentacles, which attract prey. Content of flavonoides and anthocyanins was higher in outdoor-growing D. spatulata and D. aliciae while in sundew D. capensis, was higher in indoor-growing plants. Differences between sundews species indicate that beside intensity of light, other factors can have the influence on content of photosynthetic pigments and phenolic compounds also. Antioxidative activity is equally high in all sundews

Mobilna platforma za skidanje ingota s kamiona

Mobilna platforma za skidanje ingota s kamiona namijenjena je za skidanje velikih ingota za kućište alata. Ingoti se dovoze na Euro paleti ili na drvenim gredama. Za njihov transport do stroja, zbog uskih transportnih puteva nije moguća upotreba viličara velike nosivosti. U ovom radu prikazan je postupak konstrukcije takve platforme, nosivosti 6 tona. U prvom dijelu rada analizirana su konstrukcijska rješenja platformi koje nudi tržište. Najprije smo platforme podijelili s obzirom na njihovu namijenu. Zatim smo analizirali postojeća rješenja podiznih mehanizama. Za kraj smo prikazali moguće pogonske sustave podiznih platformi. U drugom dijelu rada, primjenom metode virtualnih pomaka određene su sile koje se javljaju u cilindrima za podizanje, te je izvršen odabir istih. U ovom dijelu smo odredili i potrebne karakteristike cilindara za povlačenje tereta na platformu. Osim cilindara, izvršen je odabir ručnih pumpi koje ih opskrbljuju tlakom. Treći dio odnosi se na proračun nosive konstrukcije i mehanizma za povlačenje i podizanje. Samu konstrukciju podijelili smo u tri dijela i to redom: gornji okvir s valjcima, mehanizam za podizanje, te donji nosivi dio okvira. Svaki dio je detaljno analiziran. Određena su maksimalna opterećenja, te su određena naprezanja u kritičnim presjecima. Također, u ovom dijelu prikazan je izbor svih standardnih dijelova konstrukcije. Četvrti, posljednji dio, prikazuje primjenu zaštite na radu kod sigurne upotrebe uređaja. Istaknuti su dijelovi Zakona o zaštiti na radu, te Pravilnika o zaštiti na radu pri utovaru i istovaru tereta, koji se moraju poštovari kod sigurne uporabe mobilne platforme. U prilogu su dani sklopni crteži gotove konstrukcije platforme

Protection against the harmful effects of high water in the Krapina's water system

U radu su opisani prirodnogeografski uvjeti otjecanja: reljef, hidrogeološka i klimatološka obiljeţja te način korištenja zemljišta. Potom je analiziran hidrogram kako bi se utvrdile karakteristične protoke Krapine i Krapinčice, glavnih tekućica u porječju. Nakon toga su navedeni uzroci i posljedice pojavljivanja visokih voda. Naposljetku, prikazane su do sada provedene mjere za zaštitu od štetnog djelovanja visokih voda, kao i planirani zahvati u budućnosti u porječju Krapine.In this thesis natural and geographical conditions of drainage are being described: relief, hydrogeological and climatological characteristics and the ways in which the land is used. Furthermore, in order to determine the main characteristics of Krapina's and Krapinčica's confluents, naimley the rivers Krapina and Krapinčica are the main streams in the water system, the hydrograph is analysed. What is more, the causes and consequences due to high waters are presented. Finally, in the thesis the protection measurments against the detrimental effect of high water which have been conducted, as well as the interventions planned for the future in the Krapina's water system are also being presented

Condition Monitoring of Rotary Machinery Using Industrial IOT Framework: Step to Smart Maintenance

Modern maintenance strategies, such as predictive and prescriptive maintenance, which derived from the concept of Industry and Maintenance 4.0, involve the application of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) to connect maintenance objects enabling data collection and analysis that can help make better decisions on maintenance activities. Data collection is the initial step and the foundation of any modern Predictive or Prescriptive maintenance strategy because it collects data that can then be analysed to provide useful information about the state of maintenance objects. Condition monitoring of rotary equipment is one of the most popular maintenance methods because it can distinguish machine state between multiple fault types. The topic of this paper is the presentation of an automated system for data collection, processing and interpretation of rotary equipment state that is based on IIoT framework consisting of an IIoT accelerometer, edge and fog devices, web API and database. Additionally, ISO 10816-1 guidance has been followed to develop module for evaluation of vibration severity. The collected data is also visualized in a dashboard in a near-real time and shown to maintenance engineering, which is crucial for pattern monitoring. The developed system was launched in laboratory conditions using rotating equipment failure simulator to test the logic of data collection and processing. A proposed system has shown that it is capable of automated periodic data collection and processing from remote places which is achieved using Node RED programming environment and MQTT communication protocol that enables reliable, lightweight, and secure data transmission

Photochemical efficiency, content of photosynthetic pigments and phenolic compounds in different pitcher parts of Sarracenia hybrids

Sarracenia is a genus of carnivorous plants characterised by leaves modified into pitchers which lure, trap and digest insects. The aim of this study was to analyse the photochemical effi ciency and contents of photosynthetic pigments and phenolic compounds in different pitcher parts – operculum, wing, pitchertube upper part and pitcher-tube lower part of three morphologically different Sarracenia hybrids. The photochemical efficiency of the operculum and the pitcher-tube upper part was lower than that of the pitcher-tube lower part and wing, especially in hybrid B. In all hybrids, the wing had higher amount of chlorophyll a than other pitcher parts. In contrast, a higher amount of phenolic compounds, in particular anthocyanins, was measured in the operculum and the pitcher-tube upper part, parts which are red-coloured and participate in luring and trapping insects. Although there were some differences among the hybrids, the results show that amount of phenolic compounds and photosynthetic pigments as well as photochemical efficiency are related to the function of the pitcher part analysed

POZICIONIRANJE I STRATEGIJA ONLINE OGLAŠAVANJA ZA OPG NA TRŽIŠTU PRIRODNE HRANE

Ovaj rad daje teorijski i činjenični prikaz digitalnog oglašavanja, a potom u praktičnom dijelu uzima primjer OPG-a koji se bavi organskim uzgojem namirnica te pokazuje kako se isti može pozicionirati na tržištu i iskoristiti potražnju za organski uzgojenim namirnicama. U svrhu istraživanja tržišta provodila se online anketa koja je ispitala potrebe, želje, motive konzumacije zdravih namirnica i navike potrošača. Pored ankete, koristili su se i sekundarni izvori podataka kako bi se izradile persone (profili tipičnih kupaca), strategija i akcijski plan komunikacijskih aktivnosti po fazama kupnje kroz koju prolaze potrošači. S obzirom na ograničene financijske resurse klijenta, rad se fokusirao na razradu komunikacije u digitalnim kanalima te postavljanje evaluacijskih mjera kroz koje se može potvrditi efikasnost digitalnih marketinških alata u ostvarivanju poslovnih ciljeva (konverzije i izgradnje dugoročnih odnosa između klijenta i kupaca).This paper is about theory and the real situation in the world of digital advertising. In its practical part it takes a family agricultural business that grows organic food and shows how it can position itself on the market and take advantage of market demand. For the purpose of the final paper, marketing research was conducted in a form of online survey. The goals of research was to find out consumer needs, wants and motivation in a terms of healthy food consumption. Secondary databases were also used to create personas (ideal buyers), strategy and communication action plan distributed by consumer buying stages. Considering the fact that the client has low budget for marketing activities, the focus was to develop communication plan on digital channels and set evaluation criteria so we can measure the effectiveness of digital marketing activities and if they have reached the business goals (conversions and developing trust between client and customers)

Uloga učeničkih aktivnosti u nastavi informatike u osnovnoj i srednjim školama

U ovom diplomskom radu bile su opisane učeničke aktivnosti u nastavi informatike u osnovnoj i srednjim školama. Aktivnosti, kao suvremeniji nastavni proces, obogaćuju nastavne metode te potiču učeničku kreativnost. Najvažniji produkt aktivnosti je što djeca istražujući razvijaju konceptualno znanje što za posljedicu ima dulje zadržavanje naučenog. U prvome poglavlju bile su opisane prednosti aktivnosti. Također, opisana su i dva primjera dobre prakse u svijetu, američki CSTA K-12 i engleski nacionalni kurikulum. Kod američkog nacionalnog kurikuluma dan je, bez prevođenja, jedan primjer aktivnosti koji se nalazi u tom dokumentu. U drugome poglavlju bile su navedene konkretne aktivnosti koje se mogu provesti u osnovnoj, a uz malu doradu i u srednjim školama. Aktivnosti su bile podijeljene u četiri dijela: matematičke osnove rada računala, algoritmi, grafički prikaz podataka i proračunske tablice. U poglavlju Matematičke osnove rada na računalu bile su opisane aktivnosti kojim učenici otkrivaju pojam bita, varijable te izvršavanja naredbi u računalu. U poglavlju Algoritmi bile su opisane aktivnosti kojim učenici otkrivaju najveći element nekog skupa, sortiranje umetanjem (Insertion sort) i binarno traženje. U poglavlju Grafički prikaz podataka bile su opisane aktivnosti kojima učenici otkrivaju stupčasti, kružni te linijski grafikon. U zadnjem poglavlju bile su opisane aktivnosti kojima učenici, u Excelu, otkrivaju postotak sniženja, prosječna vremena trkača te izračun mjesečnih plaća. Osim detaljnog tijeka aktivnosti, dana su i pitanja za diskusiju.In this thesis are described student activities in computer science classes in primary and secondary schools. Activities, as a more contemporary learning process, enrich teaching methods and stimulate students' creativity. The most important outcome of introducing activities into class lies in the fact that children, by exploring, develop conceptual knowledge which results in enhanced long-term knowledge retention. The first chapter describes the benefits of introducing activities. In particular, two examples of good practice from around the world have been described, namely the American CSTA K.12 and the English national curriculum. In the case of the American national curriculum an example of activities from the respective document was presented, with no translation provided. In the following chapter concrete activities were listed which can be implemented in primary and, with a little refinement, secondary schools. The activities are divided in four parts: mathematical principles of computing, graphic representation of data and spreadsheets. The chapter Mathematical Principles of Computing outlines the activities by which the students discover the concepts of bit, variable and command execution in computing. The chapter entitled Algorithms focuses on the activities by which students discover the greatest element of a set, insertion sort and binary search. The chapter Graphic Representation of Data focuses on activities by which the students discover the bar, pie and line chart. The last chapter describes the activities by which the students discover discount percentage, average sprinters' times and monthly salary calculations in Excel. Beside providing a detailed description of activities, the paper also raises questions for discussion