Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Perjudian yang Dilakukan oleh Anak Menurut UU No.11 Tahun 2012

The title of this legal writing is "The Completion of the Crime of Gambling Carried Out by minors based on the law Number 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Justice system". This type of research is normative legal research. Normative legal research is a research conducted or focusing on norm of positive law in the form of legislation. Legal issues raised is whether the completion of the crime of gambling by children is in conformity with the law Number 11 of 2012 about the juvenile justice system. The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the completion of the crime of gambling by children under the law of the juvenile justice system. The result showed that the efforts made to prevent criminal acts of a child is an attempt preventive and repressive efforts. Juvenile justice system is closely related to restorative justice. Regarding the obligation to make a diversion conducted by law enforcement officials, in particular under Article 7 and 96 of the law number 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Justice System

Metabolic Engineering of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for Complete Mineralization of Methyl Parathion and γ‑Hexachlorocyclohexane

Agricultural soils are often cocontaminated with multiple pesticides. Unfortunately, microorganisms isolated from natural environments do not possess the ability to simultaneously degrade different classes of pesticides. Currently, we can use the approaches of synthetic biology to create a strain endowed with various catabolic pathways that do not exist in a natural microorganism. Here, we describe the metabolic engineering of a biosafety Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440 for complete mineralization of methyl parathion (MP) and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) by functional assembly of the MP and γ-HCH mineralization pathways. The engineered strain was genetically stable, and no growth inhibition was observed. Such a strain not only would reduce the toxicity of MP and γ-HCH but also would prevent the accumulation of potentially toxic intermediates in the environment. Furthermore, expression of <i>Vitreoscilla</i> hemoglobin improved the ability of the engineered strain to sequester O₂. The inoculation of the engineered strain to soils treated with MP and γ-HCH resulted in a higher degradation rate than in noninoculated soils. Moreover, introduced GFP may be used to monitor the activity of the engineered strain during bioremediation. The engineered strain may be a promising candidate for <i>in situ</i> bioremediation of soil cocontaminated with MP and γ-HCH

Additional file 3: Table S2. of Regulation of bacteria population behaviors by AI-2 “consumer cells” and “supplier cells”

The expression situation of corresponding genes in AI-2 “consumer cells” and “supplier cells”. (DOCX 12 kb

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Regulation of bacteria population behaviors by AI-2 “consumer cells” and “supplier cells”

Primers used in this study. (DOCX 13 kb

Biodegradation rate and ^Ed<i>K</i> of BDPs.

<p>a: <i>ThCO₂</i>: the theoretically released CO₂ of each material; b: <i>EvCO₂</i>: The average with standard deviation of three independent titration results for the actually released CO₂ of material to be determined in the degradation process; c: Biodegradation rate: the value of biodegradation rate calculated via formula 2; d:^Ed<i>K</i>: the degradable parameter calculated via formula 7.</p

Bioreactor for detection of released CO₂ by BDPs degradation.

<p>a. air pump to provide air flow (50–100 ml/min); b and c. 500 ml flasks filled with 300 ml NaOH solution (10 M), to remove CO₂ from pumped air; d. 500 ml flask filled with 200 ml Ba(OH)₂ solution (0.0125 M), to indicate complete removal of CO₂ in pumped air; e. bioreactor (500 ml flask filled with 300 ml mineral salt solution); f and g. 500 ml flasks filled with 250 ml NaOH solution (0.05 M), to absorb the CO₂ released in the bioreactor during biodegradation; h. 500 ml flask filled with 200 ml Ba(OH)₂ solution (0.0125 M), to indicate complete removal of CO₂ released in the bioreactor; i. water, used to confirm the airtightness of the device. A thermostatic magnetic stirrer was employed to control the temperature and rotation speed in the bioreactor. The material to be tested and inoculation solution were added into the bioreactor flask.</p

BDPs and reference materials.

<p>BDPs and reference materials.</p

Additional file 2: Figure S1. of Regulation of bacteria population behaviors by AI-2 “consumer cells” and “supplier cells”

The expression of target genes. a. the expression of target genes in consumer cells. b. the expression of target genes in supplier cells. The masses of LsrA, LsrB, LsrC, LsrD, LsrF, LsrG, LsrK, LuxS, Mtn were 55.8kD, 36.6kD, 36.4kD, 34.4kD, 31.8kD, 57.45kD, 11.2kD, 19.4kD, 24.3kD, respectively. Compared to the control, there are three bands, 31kD, and 11.2kD in the Lane of pLsrACDBFG, which could indicate that the LsrF, LsrG were all overexpressed. The similar gel bands also indicated that LsrK, Mtn and LuxS were expressed in the target cells. Furthermore, the gel results were consistent with the qPCR results. (JPEG 294 kb

MOESM2 of Construction of energy-conserving sucrose utilization pathways for improving poly-Îł-glutamic acid production in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Additional file 2: Table S2. Genes sequences used in this article

<i>Xc</i> of materials and the mass added into bioreactor.

<p>a: <i>Xc</i>: Total organic carbon of each BDPs, expressed in percent. The values of the TOC for each BDP were constant as they were counted from their chemical formulation.</p><p>b: m _material (mg) : the mass of each BDPs added into the flask, it was calculated by (518 mg/L× 0.3 L)/<i>Xc.</i></p