Isolated avulsion fracture of lesser tuberosity of the humerus: Review of the literature and report of two cases

Two cases of acute isolated avulsion fracture of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus and their short-term outcome are presented with a review of previously reported cases. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed. Outcomes were excellent, and the patients regained their normal pain-free shoulder function 3 months after the operation. This was a Level IV study

Skeletal muscle patch engineering on synthetic and acellular human skeletal muscle originated scaffolds

The reconstruction of skeletal muscle tissue is currently performed by transplanting a muscle tissue graft from local or distant sites of the patient's body, but this practice leads to donor site morbidity in case of large defects. With the aim of providing an alternative treatment approach, skeletal muscle tissue formation potential of human myoblasts and human menstrual blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMB-MSCs) on synthetic [poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone), 70:30] scaffolds with oriented microfibers, human muscle extracellular matrix (ECM), and their hybrids was investigated in this study. The reactive muscle ECM pieces were chemically crosslinked to the synthetic scaffolds to produce the hybrids. Cell proliferation assay WST-1, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and immunostaining were carried out after culturing the cells on the scaffolds. The ECM and the synthetic scaffolds were effective in promoting spontaneous myotube formation from human myoblasts. Anisotropic muscle patch formation was more successful when human myoblasts were grown on the synthetic scaffolds. Nonetheless, spontaneous differentiation could not be induced in hMB-MSCs on any type of the scaffolds. Human myoblast-synthetic scaffold combination is promising as a skeletal muscle patch, and can be improved further to serve as a fast integrating functional patch by introducing vascular and neuronal networks to the structure. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 879-890, 2017

Changes in the loading of tibial articular cartilage following medial meniscectomy: a finite element analysis study

OZKAN, Arif/0000-0002-1288-6166; Atmaca, Halil/0000-0001-5820-6456WOS: 000327084800004PubMed: 23192762Depending on the location and extent of the meniscectomy, loading on the tibial articular cartilage alters. The main purpose of the present study was to analyze the loading on the tibial articular cartilage following medial meniscectomy performed in various location and extent, as well as in the healthy knee, via finite element analyses on the solid models. Totally, 11 finite element solid models, including the reference model, were created to investigate the effect of location (anterior, posterior, longitudinal) and extent of meniscectomy (25, 50, 75, and 100 %) on loading of tibial articular cartilage. Maximum equivalent stress of the tibial cartilage was measured 0.86 Megapascal in the reference model and increased approximately by 78 % in 25 % meniscectomy group, 177.9 % in 50 %, 473.8 % in 75 % meniscectomy group, and 752.6 % in total meniscectomy. When only the amount of meniscal tissue removed was considered ignoring the location of meniscectomy, no significant difference was found in the amount of tissue excised between 25 % meniscectomy and 50 % meniscectomy, as well as between 75 % meniscectomy and total meniscectomy. In all meniscectomy models, the loadings on tibial articular cartilage increased. Except total meniscectomy, the highest impact was observed in longitudinal 75 % meniscectomy. During the surgical treatment, the contributions of menisci on load absorption by increasing the tibiofemoral contact area must be considered. In fact, the increase in the rate of loading on tibial articular cartilage depends on according to type and amount of meniscectomy

Distraction osteogenesis is inhibited by cancer radiotherapy with Co 60

Aim: To investigate the effects of radiotherapy on distraction osteogenesis performed on the same bone in an area that has not received radiation. Radiotherapy (Co60) was carried out in a region where tumors may develop, and then, on the assumption that the tumoral region had been removed, distraction osteogenesis was carried out, and the effects were investigated. Method: Thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomized into two groups, a study group (15 rabbits) and a control group (15 rabbits). In the study group, Co60 was administered by teletherapy to the distal half of the left tibia. Rabbits in the control group were kept in the same environment for the same period, but were not subjected to radiotherapy. Four weeks after radiotherapy, osteotomy was performed on the proximal part of the left tibia of all subjects, and distraction was carried out until 10mm. After distraction was completed, the outcomes were evaluated radiologically, scintigraphically, and histopathologically, and the results were compared. Results: New bone formation achieved through distraction osteogenesis in the study group animals was inadequate, while new bone tissue achieved in the control group was superior (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Radiotherapy has a negative effect on distraction osteogenesis, even if performed on a different part of the bone