Desarrollo de aplicaciones basadas en aprendizaje automático en sistemas empotrados STM32

El futuro del aprendizaje automático es pequeño. Actualmente, existen más de 250 billones de microcontroladores en el mundo y sus usos y aplicaciones son casi ilimitadas; vehículos, equipos industriales y comerciales, electrodomésticos, electrónica de consumo... Según IC Insight], aunque en el año 2020 las ventas mundiales de MCU cayeron un 8% hasta los 14,9 mil billones de dólares debido al Covid-19, se pronostica que para año 2023 los ingresos de MCU alcanzarán un nivel récord de 18.8 billones de dolares. Además, la encuesta de la consultoría Silent Intelligence refuerza el pronóstico anterior y es que el TinyML, término en inglés que se refiere a la integración de técnicas de aprendizaje automático en pequeños dispositivos basados en microcontroladores de apenas unos kilobytes de memoria, puede alcanzar más de 70 mil millones de dólares en valor económico en los próximos cinco año. (extraído de la Introducción)Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería Electrónica, Robótica y Mecatrónic

The cyl Genes Reveal the Biosynthetic and Evolutionary Origins of the Group B Streptococcus Hemolytic Lipid, Granadaene

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a b-hemolytic, Gram-positive bacterium that commonly colonizes the female lower genital tract and is associated with fetal injury, preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, and neonatal infections. A major factor promoting GBS virulence is the b-hemolysin/cytolysin, which is cytotoxic to several host cells. We recently showed that the ornithine rhamnolipid pigment, Granadaene, produced by the gene products of the cyl operon, is hemolytic. Here, we demonstrate that heterologous expression of the GBS cyl operon conferred hemolysis, pigmentation, and cytoxicity to Lactococcus lactis, a model non-hemolytic Gram-positive bacterium. Similarly, pigment purified from L. lactis is hemolytic, cytolytic, and identical in structure to Granadaene extracted from GBS, indicating the cyl operon is sufficient for Granadaene production in a heterologous host. Using a systematic survey of phyletic patterns and contextual associations of the cyl genes, we identify homologs of the cyl operon in physiologically diverse Gram-positive bacteria and propose undescribed functions of cyl gene products. Together, these findings bring greater understanding to the biosynthesis and evolutionary foundations of a key GBS virulence factor and suggest that such potentially toxic lipids may be encoded by other bacteria.This work was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health grants R01AI112619, R01AI33976, R01AI00989, and R21AI125907 to LR. The NIH training grant T32AI07509 (PI: Lee Ann Campbell) supported CW. LI and LA were supported by intramural funds from NLM, NIH

Direct determination of phenolic secoiridoids in olive oil by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadruple mass spectrometry analysis

In recent years, a large number of biological properties and an important role in the organoleptic characteristics of olive oil have been attributed to phenolic secoiridoids, such as oleacein, oleocanthal, oleuropein aglycone and ligstroside aglycone. Consequently, quantifying them is of great interest for the olive oil sector. Currently, there is no consensus in which analytical method must be use to accurately determine these compounds in olive oil, mainly owing to the lack of reference standards for calibration. In this work, analytical standards of phenolic secoiridoids have been used to develop a quantitative and rapid analytical method by UHPLC-MS/MS, in which sample extraction is not carried out. Simple dilutions of the sample with dry tetrahydrofuran and dry acetonitrile were performed before analysing them. It is worth noting that under these conditions the generation of artefacts such as acetals and hemiacetals of the aldehydic forms is highly reduced. The detection and quantification was performed with a Xevo TQS tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer. The method was validated at four concentration levels and finally applied to six samples of extra virgin olive oil

On-Surface Thermal Stability of a Graphenic Structure Incorporating a Tropone Moiety

We acknowledge the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC-2015-STG-677023 and ERC-2013-SYG-610256 NANOCOSMOS) and the innovation program under grant agreement No. 696656 (GrapheneCore1-Graphene-based disruptive technologies) and grant agreement No. 785219 (GrapheneCore2-Graphene-based disruptive technologies) for financial support. Grants PGC2018-101181-B-I00 and MAT2017-85089-C2-1-R funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe” by the “European Union”, and grant PID2020-113142RB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100 011033 also provided financial support. We also acknowledge Comunidad de Madrid via Programa de Investigación Tecnologías 2018 (FOTOART-CM S2018/NMT-4367), the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number 200020-182015), the NCCR MARVEL funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number 51NF40-182892) and FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento (B-FQM-428-UGR20). C. S. S. and N. R. A. acknowledge Grants RYC2018-024364-I and BES-2015-072642, respectively, funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and “ESF Investing in your future”. I. R. M. acknowledges the University of Granada for her postdoctoral contract (Contrato Puente-Plan Propio UGR). F.V. thanks Ministerio de Universidades for the FPU grant (FPU18/05938).On-surface synthesis, complementary to wet chemistry, has been demonstrated to be a valid approach for the synthesis of tailored graphenic nanostructures with atomic precision. Among the different existing strategies used to tune the optoelectronic and magnetic properties of these nanostructures, the introduction of non-hexagonal rings inducing out-of-plane distortions is a promising pathway that has been scarcely explored on surfaces. Here, we demonstrate that non-hexagonal rings, in the form of tropone (cycloheptatrienone) moieties, are thermally transformed into phenyl or cyclopentadienone moieties upon an unprecedented surface-mediated retro–Buchner-type reaction involving a decarbonylation or an intramolecular rearrangement of the CO unit, respectively.Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento B-FQM-428-UGR20, BES-2015-072642, RYC2018-024364-IMCINMinisterio de Universidades FPU18/05938European Commission FOTOART-CM S2018/NMT-4367European Research CouncilSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung 200020-182015European Social FundUniversidad de GranadaEuropean Regional Development Fund 011033, PID2020-113142RB-C21, S2018/NMT-4367National Center of Competence in Research Materials’ Revolution: Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials 51NF40-182892Agencia Estatal de Investigació

Dibenzocycloheptatriene as end-group of Thiele and tetrabenzo-Chichibabin hydrocarbons

The authors are grateful for the financial support from: MICIU/FEDER/AEI, Spain (PG2018-101181-B-I00, PGC2018-095808B-I00, MAT2016-80826-R, FIP-2018-HECTIC-PTM, Prometeo2019/076 and the "Severo Ochoa" Programme for Centres of Excellence in R & D; SEV-2015-0496), the European Research Council (ERC) (677023), DGR (Catalunya) (2017-SGR-918), and SNSF (Switzerland, TS., PZ00P2_174175). We thank the CSIRC-Alhambra and SciCore (Basel, Switzerland) for supercomputing facilities and the Servei de RMN, UAB, for instrument time.Thiele (Th) and tetrabenzo-Chichibabin (TBC) derivatives with terminal dibenzocycloheptatriene (DBHept) units were prepared. A clear correlation between their electronic and molecular structures was stablished. Insights into their closed- or open-shell ground states were gained, where particular contribution of the heptagonal carbocycles as end-groups was proved. Remarkably, a thermally accessible triplet diradical configuration was confirmed for theDBHept-TBCcompound.MICIU/FEDER/AEI, Spain PG2018-101181-B-I00 PGC2018-095808B-I00 MAT2016-80826-R FIP-2018-HECTIC-PTM Prometeo2019/076MICIU/FEDER/AEI, Spain ("Severo Ochoa" Programme for Centres of Excellence in RD) SEV-2015-0496European Research Council (ERC) 677023DGR (Catalunya) 2017-SGR-918Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) PZ00P2_17417

Cp2TiCl-catalyzed highly stereoselective intramolecular epoxide allylation using allyl carbonates

A useful method for the diastereoselective synthesis of vinyl substituted carbo- and heterocycles is described. Highly functionalized structures difficult to achieve by other methodologies are obtained in a single step by this procedure.This research was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) (project CTQ-2011.22455). I.R.M. thanks the MEC (Spain) for a predoctoral FPU fellowship. A.M. thanks the University of Granada for a postdoctoral contract (‘Contrato Puente’). A.G.C. thanks the MICINN (Spain) for a postdoctoral contract ‘Juan de la Cierva’ and University of Granada

Undecabenzo[7]superhelicene: a helical nanographene ribbon as CPL emitter

We report the synthesis and characterization of an enantiopure superhelicene nanographene constituted by two saddleshaped and one planar hexabenzocoronene (HBC) units arranged in a helicoidal shape. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first undecabenzo[7]carbohelicene, i.e., the first fully π-extended [7]helicene. Racemic resolution allowed its chiroptical properties analysis revealing dissymmetry factors in the range of 2×10-3 both in the absorption and in the emission measurements. Remarkably, nonlinear photophysical analysis showed two-photon absorption crosssection of 870 GM at 800 nm and a perfect overlapping between linear, non-linear and chiral emission.-European Research Council (ERC-2015-STG-677023) -Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain): CTQ2015-70283-P -Fundacao para a Ciencia e a tecnologia, Portugal: UID/NAN/50024/2013, IF/00759/2013 -Universidad de Granad

Chirality-induced Spin Selectivity in Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Networks: The Role of Spin-orbit Coupling

Spin–orbit coupling in a chiral medium is generally assumed to be a necessary ingredient for the observation of the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. However, some recent studies have suggested that CISS may manifest even when the chiral medium has zero spin–orbit coupling. In such systems, CISS may arise due to an orbital polarization effect, which generates an electromagnetochiral anisotropy in two-terminal conductance. Here, we examine these concepts using a chirally functionalized carbon nanotube network as the chiral medium. A transverse measurement geometry is used, which nullifies any electromagnetochiral contribution but still exhibits the tell-tale signs of the CISS effect. This suggests that CISS may not be explained solely by electromagnetochiral effects. The role of nanotube spin–orbit coupling on the observed pure CISS signal is studied by systematically varying nanotube diameter. We find that the magnitude of the CISS signal scales proportionately with the spin–orbit coupling strength of the nanotubes. We also find that nanotube diameter dictates the supramolecular chirality of the medium, which in turn determines the sign of the CISS signal

Seeding and Growth of β-Amyloid Aggregates upon Interaction with Neuronal Cell Membranes

In recent years, the prevalence of amyloid neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has significantly increased in developed countries due to increased life expectancy. This amyloid disease is characterized by the presence of accumulations and deposits of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in neuronal tissue, leading to the formation of oligomers, fibers, and plaques. First, oligomeric intermediates that arise during the aggregation process are currently thought to be primarily responsible for cytotoxicity in cells. This work aims to provide further insights into the mechanisms of cytotoxicity by studying the interaction of Aβ aggregates with Neuro-2a (N2a) neuronal cells and the effects caused by this interaction. For this purpose, we have exploited the advantages of advanced, multidimensional fluorescence microscopy techniques to determine whether different types of Aβ are involved in higher rates of cellular toxicity, and we measured the cellular stress caused by such aggregates by using a fluorogenic intracellular biothiol sensor. Stress provoked by the peptide is evident by N2a cells generating high levels of biothiols as a defense mechanism. In our study, we demonstrate that Aβ aggregates act as seeds for aggregate growth upon interacting with the cellular membrane, which results in cell permeability and damage and induces lysis. In parallel, these damaged cells undergo a significant increase in intracellular biothiol levels.Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades CTQ2014-56370-R CTQ2017-86568-R CTQ2017-86125-PSpanish Agencia Estatal de InvestigacionEuropean Union (EU

Self-Assembly of Silver Metal Clusters of Small Atomicity on Cyclic Peptide Nanotubes

Subnanometric noble metal clusters, composed by only a few atoms, behave like molecular entities and display magnetic, luminescent and catalytic activities. However, non-covalent interactions of molecular metal clusters, lacking of any ligand or surfactant, have not been seen at work. Theoretically attractive and experimentally discernable, van der Waals forces and non-covalent interactions at the metal/organic interfaces will be crucial to understand and develop the next generation of hybrid nanomaterials. Here, we present experimental and theoretical evidence of non-covalent interactions between subnanometric metal (0) silver clusters and aromatic rings and their application in the preparation of 1D self-assembled hybrid architectures with ditopic peptide nanotubes. Atomic force microscopy, fluorescence experiments, circular dichroism and computational simulations verified the occurrence of these interactions in the clean and mild formation of a novel peptide nanotube and metal cluster hybrid materials. The findings reported here confirmed the sensitivity of silver metal clusters of small atomicity towards non-covalent interactions, a concept that could find multiple applications in nanotechnology. We conclude that induced supramolecular forces are optimal candidates for the precise spatial positioning and properties modulation of molecular metal clusters. The reported results herein outline and generalize the possibilities that non-covalent interactions will have in this emerging fieldThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (Mineco) and the ERDF [CTQ2010-15725, CTQ2013-43264-R, MAT2011-28673-C02-01, MAT2012-36754-C02-01], by the Xunta de Galicia (GRC2006/132, GRC2013/044, EM 2012/117). J.M. received a Ramón y Cajal contract from the Mineco. We also thank the ORFEO-CINCA network and Mineco through CTQ2014-51912-REDCS