Comparison of α-Tocopherol, α-Tocopherol Acetate, and α-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate 1000 Absorption by Caco-2 TC7 Intestinal Cells

(1) Background: vitamin E is often supplemented in the form of tocopherol acetate, but it has poor bioavailability and can fail to correct blood tocopherol concentrations in some patients with severe cholestasis. In this context, α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate 1000 (TPGS) has been of value, but very little is known about the mechanisms of its absorption. The aim of our work was to evaluate the mechanisms of absorption/secretion of TPGS compared to tocopherol acetate (TAC) and α-tocopherol by human enterocyte-like Caco-2 TC7 cells. (2) Methods: two weeks post-confluence Caco-2 cells were incubated with tocopherol- or TAC- or TPGS-rich mixed micelles up to 24 h and, following lipid extraction, TAC and tocopherol amounts were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in apical, cellular, and basolateral compartments. (3) Results: at equivalent concentrations of tocopherol in the apical side, the amounts of tocopherol secreted at the basolateral pole of Caco-2 cells are (i) significantly greater when the tocopherol is in the free form in the micelles; (ii) intermediate when it is in the TAC form in the micelles (p < 0.001); and (iii) significantly lower with the TPGS form (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, our results show, for the first time, that Caco-2 cells secrete one or more esterified forms of the vitamin contained in TPGS at the basolateral side

Validation multicentrique du dosage de la transferrine désialylée (CDT) par les méthodes %CDT TIA® et Tina Quant %CDT®

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Absorption of vitamin E in patients with genetic hypocholesterolemia

Les hypocholestérolémies génétiques représentent un ensemble de pathologies héréditaires du métabolisme caractérisées par une hypocholestérolémie inférieure au 5ème percentile pour l'âge et le sexe. Elles sont majoritairement dues à un défaut d'assemblage et de sécrétion des lipoprotéines entraînant, dès la période néonatale, une malabsorption des lipides et des vitamines liposolubles. Les conséquences à long terme peuvent être dramatiques (complications ophtalmologiques et neurologiques graves) si un traitement par vitamines liposolubles, en particulier vitamine E à fortes doses, n'est pas instauré rapidement. Pour ces raisons, l'étude clinique princeps a comparé une formulation de vitamine E rendue hydrosoluble (tocofersolan) à l'acétate de tocophérol liposoluble et traditionnellement utilisé en thérapeutique chez ces patients. En parallèle, un travail sur modèle cellulaire Caco2, nous a permis d'étudier les mécanismes d'absorption/sécrétion de ces deux formulations de vitamine E afin de mieux appréhender les mécanismes mis en jeu. Deux études méthodologiques ont été menées en amont de cette étude clinique. La première visait à vérifier la stabilité des échantillons dans les conditions de transport imposées par l'étude princeps. Par ailleurs, les concentrations effondrées de lipoprotéines chez ces patients rendent difficile l'évaluation du statut en vitamine E par les simples dosages plasmatiques. Aussi, la seconde étude avait pour but d'établir les valeurs usuelles pour les concentrations en vitamine E dans les globules rouges et le tissu adipeux chez l'enfant sain comme outil d'aide au suivi des patients atteints d'hypocholestérolémie génétique. Grâce aux valeurs de référence établies dans ce travail, l'analyse de la vitamine E dans les globules rouges et le tissu adipeux permet de proposer une vue plus globale du statut en vitamine E chez ces patientsAbetalipoproteinemia (ABL) and chylomicron retention disease (CMRD) are rare recessive forms of hypobetalipoproteinemia characterized by an intestinal lipid malabsorption and a severe vitamin E deficiency leading to disabling neuro-ophtalmologic sequelae. Oral a- tocopherol supplementation with high doses has to be initiated as early as possible to prevent or halt progression of complications. The main aim of our work was to investigate the interest of tocofersolan, a water-soluble derivative of RRR-α-tocopherol, compared to a-tocopherol acetate in ABL and CMRD. In parallel, we investigated the mechanisms of absorption / secretion of tocofersolan and a- tocopheryl acetate on Caco2 cells for a better understanding of the mechanisms of their therapeutic efficacy. Two methodological studies were conducted prior to this clinical study. Firstly, we studied the stability of commonly measured vitamins and carotenoids in whole blood in the conditions of transport imposed by the clinical study. Secondly, we established the reference intervals for vitamin E concentrations in red blood cells and adipose tissue in healthy child as a tool to monitore treatment of children with ABL and CMRD with vitamin E. Indeed, the very reduced lipoprotein concentrations in these patients make difficult the assesment of vitamin E status based on plasma a-tocopherol concentrations. The references values established in this work allows us to propose a more comprehensive view of the vitamin E status in these patient

Comparison of α-Tocopherol, α-Tocopherol Acetate, and α-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate 1000 Absorption by Caco-2 TC7 Intestinal Cells

International audience(1) Background: vitamin E is often supplemented in the form of tocopherol acetate, but it has poor bioavailability and can fail to correct blood tocopherol concentrations in some patients with severe cholestasis. In this context, α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate 1000 (TPGS) has been of value, but very little is known about the mechanisms of its absorption. The aim of our work was to evaluate the mechanisms of absorption/secretion of TPGS compared to tocopherol acetate (TAC) and α-tocopherol by human enterocyte-like Caco-2 TC7 cells. (2) Methods: two weeks post-confluence Caco-2 cells were incubated with tocopherol- or TAC- or TPGS-rich mixed micelles up to 24 h and, following lipid extraction, TAC and tocopherol amounts were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in apical, cellular, and basolateral compartments. (3) Results: at equivalent concentrations of tocopherol in the apical side, the amounts of tocopherol secreted at the basolateral pole of Caco-2 cells are (i) significantly greater when the tocopherol is in the free form in the micelles; (ii) intermediate when it is in the TAC form in the micelles (p \textless 0.001); and (iii) significantly lower with the TPGS form (p \textless 0.0001). Interestingly, our results show, for the first time, that Caco-2 cells secrete one or more esterified forms of the vitamin contained in TPGS at the basolateral side

Glucose breath test for the detection of small intestine bacterial overgrowth: Impact of diet prior to the test

International audienceBACKGROUND: Glucose breath test (GBT) is used for the diagnosis of small intestine bacterial overgrowth. A restrictive diet without fibers and/or fermentable food is recommended on the day before the test. The aim of our retrospective study was to evaluate the impact of two different restrictive diets on the results of GBT. METHODS: A change of the pretest restrictive diet was applied in our lab on September 1, 2020. The recommended diet was a fiber-free diet before this date, and a fiber-free diet plus restriction of all fermentable food afterward. We thus compared the results of GBT performed before (group A) and after (group B) this pretest diet modification. Demographics, reasons to perform GBT, digestive symptoms, and hydrogen and methane baseline values and variations after glucose ingestion were compared between the two groups. KEY RESULTS: 269 patients underwent GBT in group A, and 316 patients in group B. The two groups were comparable in terms of demographics. Methane and hydrogen baseline values were significantly higher in group A (respectively 14 [18] vs. 8 [14] ppm, p \textless 0.01 and 11 [14] vs. 6 [8] ppm, p \textless 0.01). The percentage of positive tests was higher in group A for methane (43% vs. 28%, p \textless 0.05), and for hydrogen (18% vs. 12%, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION & INFERENCES: This retrospective study suggests the importance of the restrictive diet prior to GBT. A strict limitation of fibers and fermentable food decreased hydrogen and methane baseline values, and the prevalence of positive GBT. Thus a strict restrictive diet should be recommended on the day before the test, in order to limit the impact of food on hydrogen and methane breath levels, and possibly improve the diagnosis quality of GBT

Overview of the in vitro stability of commonly measured vitamins and carotenoids in whole blood

Background The pre-analytical stabilities of vitamins A, E, K, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, carotenoids and folates in whole blood were studied. The aim of this work was to provide clear and workable pre-analytical procedures specifying optimal delay before freezing for laboratories which perform themselves such analyses or which receive and transfer such specimens to referral laboratories.Methods The stability of vitamins was studied in whole blood at room temperature after light exposure up to 24h (vitamin C), 48h (vitamins A, E, B1, B2, B6 and carotenoids) and 72h (vitamins K, B12, red blood cell (RBC) and serum folates). Vitamin C stability after baseline acidification was analysed up to 48h. Changes observed were compared to a clinical cut-off defined as total change limit based on a combination of analytical performance and within-subject variation.Results Clinically and statistically significant changes occurred only in vitamins C (-22.5%), B6 (+9.9%) and serum folates (-16.8%) concentrations after 6, 24 and 48h, respectively. Vitamins A, E, K, B1, B2, B12, RBC folates and carotenoids showed good stability up to 48 or 72h. Vitamin C in acidified serum conserved at room temperature appeared unstable. The optimal condition for acidified vitamin C conservation was at less than -20?.Conclusion The majority of vitamins remain stable for up to 48h. Vitamin C quantification requires serum acidification followed by freezing as soon as possible. Freezing, respectively, within 12h and 24h for determination of plasma vitamin B6 and serum folates concentrations is recommended