Resistencia De Salmonella Spp A Antibióticos Y Fluctuación Fisicoquímica Del Agua A Nivel Espacial En La Cuenca Media Del Río Usumacinta, México

La presencia de antibióticos en cuerpos de agua es un indicador de su mal uso. Se realizaron muestreos en seis sitios con marcada influencia antropogénica en la cuenca media del río Usumacinta, México, durante la estación de seca, con la finalidad de estudiar la variación espacial fisicoquímica del agua y la resistencia antimicrobiana de Salmonella spp. La identificación bacteriana se realizó con pruebas bioquímicas convencionales. La resistencia bacteriana fue evaluada mediante la sensibilidad antibiótica a la amikacina (AK 30 μg), levofloxacina (LEV 5 μg), ceftriaxona (CRO μg 30), cloranfenicol (CLO 30 μg), trímetropina-sulfametoxazol (TRI-SXT 25 μg), ampicilina (AM 10 μg), (cefalotina CF 30 μg), gentamicina (GE 10 μg), (netilmicina NET 30 μg), nitrofurantoína (NF 300 μg), cefepime (FEP 30 μg) y cefotaxima (CTX 30 μg); con la técnica de difusión estandarizada de Kirby Bauer. Los resultados detectaron 16 cepas correspondientes a Salmonella spp. Así mismo, los diámetros de los halos de inhibición del crecimiento bacteriano fueron significativos, por efecto del tipo de antibiótico empleado para las pruebas. Así como, por efecto del sitio de muestreo (p < 0.05). El 100% de las cepas de Salmonella spp fueron sensibles a los antibióticos AK, LEV, CRO, GE, NET, FEP y la CTX; mientras el 93.7% fueron resistentes a la AM. Finalmente, la resistencia de Salmonella spp, a antibióticos puede verse afectada por el grado de perturbación antropogénica del sitio muestreado y según el tipo de antibiótico presente en el agua. The presence of antibiotics in water bodies is an indicator of their misuse. Samples were conducted at six sites with marked anthropogenic influence in the middle basin of the Usumacinta River, Mexico, during the dry season. In order to study the physicochemical spatial variation of water and the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp., bacterial identification was performed with conventional biochemical tests. Bacterial resistance was evaluated by the antibiotic sensitivity of amikacin (AK 30 μg), levofloxacin (LEV 5 μg), ceftriaxone (CRO μg 30), chloramphenicol (CLO 30 μg), trimetropin-sulfamethoxazole (TRI-SXT 25 μg), ampicillin (AM 10 μg), cephalothin (CF 30 μg), gentamicin (GE 10 μg), netilmicin (NET 30 μg), nitrofurantoin (NF 300 μg), cefepime (FEP 30 μg) and cefotaxime (CTX 30 μg); with the standardized diffusion technique of Kirby Bauer. The results showed the diameters of the bacterial growth inhibition halos were significant, due to the type of antibiotic used for the tests. In addition, the effect of the sampling site was significant (p <0.05). 100% of Salmonella spp strains were sensitive to antibiotics AK, LEV, CRO, GE, NET, FEP and CTX; while 93.7 %were resistant to AM. Finally, the resistance of Salmonella spp to antibiotics can be affected by the degree of anthropogenic disturbance of the sampled site, and according to the type of antibiotic present in the water

Calidad Microbiológica Del Agua En La Cuenca Media Del Río Usumacinta, Tabasco, México

Some species of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella, among others, are a threat to the ichthyofauna that lives in freshwater rivers. This threat extends to the human population that develops various activities in this environment. Food products derived from these activities can affect consumers as well. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the microbiological quality of water in the middle basin of the Usumacinta River, Tabasco, Mexico. A total of 63 water samples were collected in 12 sampling sites: 36 in the dry season and 27 in the rainy season in 2013. The microbiological analysis was carried out according to Mexican standards. The highest concentration of CT was detected in Usumacinta (Usu) (130 NMP / 100mL) during the dry season and in Petunia (Pet) (240 NMP / 100mL) during the rainy season. The highest concentration of CF was detected in the water plant (Pa), Pet and Estapilla (Est) (34 NMP / 100mL), during the rainy season. The results of CT and CF registered significant differences in the Colony Forming Units (CFU), due to seasonality (p <0.05). Thus, they were not significant due to the effect of the sampling sites (p <0.05). Also, 284 putative strains of enterobacteria isolated and identified mainly Escherichia sp and Salmonella sp in the two studied seasons. These results are one of the first evidences of the microbiological quality of water in the middle basin of the river Usumacinta, Mexico

Análisis Del Efecto De La Adición De Fibra Cítrica Del Bagazo De La Naranja En Las Propiedades Nutrimentales Y Sensoriales De Un Embutido Y Determinación De La Calidad Microbiológica

The orange bagasse (Citrus sinensis) is a residue with a significant content of citrus fiber (FC); it is used as a functional ingredient in the development of new products. We consider it essential to know the effect of the nutritional and sensorial properties of FC. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of powdered the orange bagasse on the nutritional and sensorial properties of pork and beef sausage. The sausage was prepared by mixing the proportions of minced pork and beef with the corresponding FC, adding spices, orange juice and a solution of natural dye Bixa Orellana, after 24 hours of maturation was stuffed into cellulose casings. A randomized design with three repetitions was used. The treatments were formulations with 0, 5, 10 and 15% of FC respectively, named treatments E0, E5, E10 and E15. The chemical variables evaluated were: moisture content, ash, fat, protein (analyzed by the AOAC method, 1990), and total dietary fiber (by the methodology described by Asp et al., 1983 and Prosky et al, 1988); the microbiological variables: aerobic mesophiles, total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus, detected and quantified with the methods of the corresponding Official Mexican Standards. The sensory variable was the level of liking which was evaluated in 128 consumers, and a commercial sausage called "EC" was used. As a comparison product. In E5, E10 and E15 the fat levels decreased (p <0.05). The ash increased as a function of the addition of FC. Regarding protein, no differences were observed between E0 and E5. In the treatments, E10 and E 15 the protein decreased significantly. Total dietary fiber at E5, E10, and E15 ranged from 4.38 to 10.50%. The consumer test favored E0, E5, and EC. We conclude that the orange bagasse exerts a positive effect by decreasing fat and increasing total dietary fiber. Aleson-Carbonell et al. (2003) report similar behavior. It is concluded that it is feasible to add FC no higher than 5% as an alternative to enrich sausages

Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Biological Evaluation of Thioxoquinazoline Derivatives as Phosphodiesterase 7 Inhibitors

PDE7 inhibitors regulate pro-inflammatory and immune T-cell functions, and are a potentially novel class of drugs especially useful in the treatment of a wide variety of immune and inflammatory disorders. Starting from our lead family of thioxoquinazolines, we designed, synthesized, and characterized a novel series of thioxoquinazoline derivatives. Many of these compounds showed inhibitory potencies at sub-micromolar levels against the catalytic domain of PDE7A1 and at the micromolar level against PDE4D2. Cell-based studies showed that these compounds not only increased intracellular cAMP levels, but also had interesting anti-inflammatory properties within a therapeutic window. The in silico data predict that these compounds are capable of the crossing the blood–brain barrier. The X-ray crystal structure of the PDE7A1 catalytic domain in complex with compound 15 at a resolution of 2.4 Å demonstrated that hydrophobic interactions at the active site pocket are a key feature. This structure, together with molecular modeling, provides insight into the selectivity of the PDE inhibitors and a template for the discovery of new PDE7 or PDE7/PDE4 dual inhibitors

Clinical and Ecological Impact of an Educational Program to Optimize Antibiotic Treatments in Nursing Homes (PROA-SENIOR): A Cluster, Randomized, Controlled Trial and Interrupted Time-Series Analysis

[Background] Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are recommended in nursing homes (NHs), although data are limited. We aimed to determine the clinical and ecological impact of an ASP for NHs.[Methods] We performed a cluster, randomized, controlled trial and a before–after study with interrupted time-series analyses in 14 NHs for 30 consecutive months from July 2018 to December 2020 in Andalusia, Spain. Seven facilities implemented an ASP with a bundle of 5 educational measures (general ASP) and 7 added 1-to-1 educational interviews (experimental ASP). The primary outcome was the overall use of antimicrobials, calculated monthly as defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 resident days (DRD).[Results] The total mean antimicrobial consumption decreased by 31.2% (−16.72 DRD; P = .045) with respect to the preintervention period; the overall use of quinolones and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid dropped by 52.2% (P = .001) and 42.5% (P = .006), respectively; and the overall prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) decreased from 24.7% to 17.4% (P = .012). During the intervention period, 12.5 educational interviews per doctor were performed in the experimental ASP group; no differences were found in the total mean antimicrobial use between groups (−14.62 DRD; P = .25). Two unexpected coronavirus disease 2019 waves affected the centers increasing the overall mean use of antimicrobials by 40% (51.56 DRD; P < .0001).[Conclusions] This study suggests that an ASP for NHs appears to be associated with a decrease in total consumption of antimicrobials and prevalence of MDROs. This trial did not find benefits associated with educational interviews, probably due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.[Clinical Trials Registration] NCT03543605.Peer reviewe

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

TUMOR DE GLÁNDULA LACRIMAL: A PROPÓSITO DE UN CASO

Resumen: Introducción: : El carcinoma adenoide quístico (CAQ) es conocido por su lento crecimiento, su tendencia a la recurrencia local y al desarrollo de metástasis a distancia incluso décadas después del diagnóstico inicial, y a pesar de terapias agresivas. Objetivo: : Presentar el caso de una paciente con CAQ de la glándula lagrimal, tumor muy infrecuente que representa casi el 10% de las lesiones orbitarias ocupantes de espacio. De éstas el 20-30% son de origen epitelial, de las cuales el 55% son lesiones benignas y el 45% malignas. El CAQ es el más común de los tumores epiteliales malignos de la glándula lagrimal (65%). Caso Clínico: : Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente con CAQ de glándula lacrimal diagnosticado de forma incidental tras la realización de TAC desde la consulta de psiquiatría. Resultados y conclusiones: : El síntoma de presentación más frecuente suele ser la proptosis, acompañada o no de dolor, aunque también puede presentarse como ptosis mecánica, reducción de visión y diplopía.La cirugía radical no ha demostrado mejorar la supervivencia o reducir la recurrencia local en comparación con un abordaje quirúrgico, más conservador en pacientes con tumores de menor tamaño y sin afectación ósea. Las mayores tasas de supervivencia se han conseguido, en pacientes tratados con quimioterapia, con quimioterapia citorreductiva intra-arterial seguida de exenteración orbital y radioterapia. Summary: Introduction: The adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is known for its slow growth, a tendency to local recurrence and the development of distant metastases even decades after the initial diagnosis, and despite aggressive therapies. Aim: We present the case of a patient with a lacrimal gland tumor. They are very rare tumors that represent almost 10% of space-occupying orbital lesions, of which 20-30% are of epithelial origin, of these, 55% are benign and 45% are malignant. The ACC is the most common malignant epithelial tumor (65%). Case report: We present the clinical case of a patient with ACC of the lacrimal gland incidentally diagnosed after performing a CT scan from the psychiatric office. Results and conclusions: The most frequent presentation symptom is usually proptosis, accompanied or not accompanied by pain, although it can also occur as mechanical ptosis, vision reduction, and diplopia.Radical surgery has not been shown to improve survival or reduce local recurrence compared to a more conservative surgical approach in patients with smaller tumors and without bone involvement. The highest survival rates have been achieved, in patients treated with chemotherapy, with intra-arterial cytoreductors (IACC) followed by orbital exenteration and radiotherapy

Educación para la paz y no violencia

Tiene como objetivos educar para la paz, conocer la realidad de las guerras, favorecer la autonomía consigo mismo, con los demás y con la naturaleza, educar par responder de forma constructiva y no violenta a las situaciones de conflicto, y para la desobediencia ante las situaciones de violencia e injusticia aceptadas por la mayoría. La metodología empleada es activa, de investigación, que se traduce en situaciones concretas y que proporciona al alumno experiencias en las que él debe tomar postura y dar respuesta. Pone en marcha actividades creativas como teatro, guiñol y cuentos, juegos simbólicos, técnicas de diálogo, y otras actividades extraescolares. Desarrolla contenidos sobre la carrera de armamentos, el desarme, la violencia, la guerra, la paz, los derechos humanos, la democracia, ecología, salud, situaciones provocadas de conflicto, representaciones de conflictos y enfoque que se da a los conflictos que surgen en el aula..Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de EducaciónMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES

Educación para la salud y el consumo

Se pretende corregir las anomalías detectadas en el alumnado en cuanto a hábitos alimenticios, sanitarios y de consumo. El objetivo es fomentar la salud de forma personal y colectiva, mejorar la calidad de vida, adquirir hábitos de higiene y capacitar al consumidor para la toma de decisiones en función de la información disponible sobre bienes y servicios. Las actividades, dirigidas a todos los ciclos educativos, se realizan en grupo y sirven para fomentar la participación, la comunicación, el cambio de hábitos en el alumnado, integrar a los padres en la dinámica de la escuela y dar un conocimiento interdisciplinario de la realidad. Se llevan a cabo ejercicios y juegos de psicomotricidad y educación física, visitas a centros, proyeción de audiovisuales, talleres de transformación de alimentos, experimentos, revisión sanitaria y elaboración de dossieres. Se trata la educación sexual además de la higiene, enfermedades nutricionales y organismos del cuerpo; también se estudia la publicidad como fenómeno económico, los elementos principales de los anuncios y el lenguaje publicitario. En la memoria se incluyen, por cada ciclo escolar, ejemplos de encuestas, recogida de información por el alumnado y cuadros relacionados con los temas estudiados. La evaluación se realiza con los dossieres de los estudiantes.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de Educación y CulturaMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES