Animal Production over Rice-Pasture Rotation System: Animal Performance

Fluctuations in commodity prices, determine the need to find strategies to stabilize production in farming systems. The rice - pastures rotation systems are a good example of this, where animal production takes place in the moments where rice is rotated with pastures (3 years rice and 2 years pastures). In this context, INIA has developed a technology adjusted to the east of the country, with the use of summer tillage to intensify livestock production through the incorporation of lambs fattening. These technologies, comercially validated with sheep-rice farming systems, can move the process of cattle backgrounding (males and females), but requires technological adjustments related to planting winter annuals species and the strategic use of the supplementation and subsequent evaluation of the impact of these proposed intensifications of the livestock production phase and subsequent rice production. There are now new tools to study the feasibility of these alternatives (productive and economic) through modelling, but the validity of their results will be based on the certainty of technical coefficients. These coefficients must be generated in real situations where all the factors interact (Deambrosi 2009). The objective of the present experiments, was to com-pare livewieght (LW) per hectare, daily gain (DG) and weight gain (WG) per animal on an annual ryegrass (‘LE 284’) sown over rice stubble, used for calf backgrounding, under the effect of two stocking rate, in the north of Uruguay

Strategies for the improvement of research competences in the professional training of engineers

The objective of this study is proposing strategies to strengthen research competencies needed by engineers in training. An analytical, situation research was conducted in four Engineering programs from a public university located in the municipality of Valledupar, Cesar Department, in Colombia. A Likert-scale questionnaire of 50 items was designed; while a document, review was performed applying a matrix that systematized the information about the study plan. Ten experts and five experts respectively validated the content of the questionnaire and of the matrix. The interpretation of the data evidenced that the greatest deficiencies of students were methodological competencies such as “result analyses”. They lack foundations on the use and interpretation of data, which hinders data processing for disseminating results, conclusions and recommendations in research reports. It is therefore necessary to transform the curriculum, including better teaching, pedagogical and didactic methods

Effect of Forage Legume Species and Stocking Rate of Lambs on Sward Characteristics in Uruguay

The sheep industry is a mayor component of the pastoral industries, given its importance for the Uruguayan economy. In the last decade, sheep farmers have been more interested in low cost technologies to enhance productivity and profit. The objective of this study, conducted in the Basaltic region of Uruguay, was to evaluate the effect of legume species and stocking rate of lambs on sward structure, production, composition and nutritive value

DISEÑO Y CARACTERIZACIÓN TEÓRICA DE MATERIALES FOTOACTIVOS EFICIENTES BASADOS EN DERIVADOS DE ANTRA[2,3-c]PIRROL Y ANTRA[2,3-c]TIOFENO PARA CELDAS SOLARES ORGÁNICAS

In this research we have designed electron donors D-π-A type containing two different π fragments to obtain anthrapyrrole (D-APR-A) and anthratiophene (D-ATF-A) derivatives, proposed for the use in organic bulk hetero-junction (BHJ) solar cells (OSCs). These derivatives were characterized by DFT and TD-DFT calculations. For all the electron donors the anchorage fragment was 2-methylenemalononitrile, while the chromophore fragment was spanned between diphenylamine, triphenylamine, thiophene. Estimation of the energy from HOMO and LUMO orbitals was discussed. Properties affecting open-circuit photovoltage (VOC) and short-circuit photocurrent (JSC) from D-π-A type derivatives were investigated, such as geometric structure, exciton driving force energy, energy gap and absorption spectra. Theoretical calculations from TD-DFT within Coulumb Attenuation Method CAM-B3LYP were able to predict excited state properties. The electron donors D-π-A type exhibit an estimated photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) above 10%. The anthrapyrrole derivatives along with the [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) are the complexes with higher photoelectric properties, being the Da-APR-A derivative the best projection with a PCE of 13,39%, therefore, these complexes are proposed as photoactive materials in the construction of organic bulk hetero-junction solar cells.En este estudio, hemos diseñado una serie de electrodonadores del tipo D-π-A que contienen dos diferentesfragmentos π enlazadores para obtener los derivados del antrapirrol (D-APR-A) y el antratiofeno (D-ATF-A), que podrían ser utilizados en celdas solares orgánicas (OSCs) de heterounión de volumen (BHJ). Estos derivados fueron diseñados y caracterizados usando cálculos DFT and TDDFT. El fragmento aceptor de anclaje fue el 2-metilenmalononitrilo para todos los electrodonadores mientras que el fragmento cromóforo permutaba entre tiofeno, trifenilamina, difenilamina. La estimación de la energía de los orbitales HOMOLUMO fue discutida. Las propiedades que afectan el fotovoltaje de circuito abierto (VOC) y la densidad de fotocorriente de corto circuito (JSC) de los derivados D-π-A fueron investigadas, tales como estructura geométrica, energía de la fuerza motriz del excitón, energía del gap y espectros de absorción. Los cálculos teóricos de TDDFT utilizando el Método de Atenuación de Coulomb CAM-B3LYP fue capaz de predecir las propiedades del estado excitado. Los electrodonadores D-π-A muestran una eficiencia estimada de conversión fotoeléctrica (PCE) superior al 10%. Los derivados del antrapirrol mezclados con el éster metílico del ácido [6,6]-fenil-C61-butírico (PC61BM) son los complejos con mejores propiedades fotoeléctricas, siendo el derivado Da -APR-A el de mejor proyección con una PCE del 13,39%, por tanto, estos complejos son propuestos como material fotoactivo en la construcción de celdas solares orgánicas de heterounión de volumen

Mixed Fattening of Steers and Lambs on Improved Grasslands in Uruguay: I. Pasture Performance

The use of P fertilisers together with legume broadcasting is a low cost and high impact technology for improving native grassland (Risso et al., 2001). Its use is increasing in Uruguay, although not for mixed grazing, even though this management is a common practice on native grasslands. Good pasture response may occur under mixed grazing when it is adequately managed (Nolan & Connolly, 1989). The following trials characterise pasture response with such management, in Uruguayan conditions

Mixed Fattening of Steers and Lambs on Improved Grasslands in Uruguay: II. Animal Performance and Productivity

In cow-calf operations in Uruguay, mixed cattle and sheep grazing on rangelands is predominant, while fattening is a specialised process. Within certain limits of the lamb/steer ratio and stocking rate, a complementary grazing effect occurs under mixed grazing, improving net results (Nolan & Connolly, 1977; Risso et al., 2002). These trials characterise animal performance under such management

Translating COGNISTAT and the Use of the Cognitive Interview Approach: Observations and Challenges

Cognitive functioning is a salient issue among people in the late adulthood stage where mental health declines with age. A common cognitive disability among elders is Dementia including Alzheimer’s disease. Cognitive screening tools such as the Mini- Mental Status Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment are most commonly used to measure the cognitive ability areas leading to a diagnostic evaluation. COGNISTAT as a neuropsychological instrument is a recent screener being introduced to a few outpatient clinics. In this study; COGNISTAT is translated to Filipino for the first time using a rigorous procedure and pilot tested on elderly volunteers in local settings. The translation was done by an interdisciplinary team of a Geriatric Physician; a Speech Pathologist; and a Clinical Psychologist. The Filipino-translated COGNISTAT was administered to 22 elders in two batches using the cognitive interview method. Challenges were identified in the initial testing phase which has implications for future adaptations of foreign instruments

Multivalent Tryptophan‐ and Tyrosine‐Containing [60]Fullerene Hexa‐Adducts as Dual HIV and Enterovirus A71 Entry Inhibitors

Unprecedented 3D hexa-adducts of [60]fullerene peripherally decorated with twelve tryptophan (Trp) or tyrosine (Tyr) residues have been synthesized. Studies on the antiviral activity of these novel compounds against HIV and EV71 reveal that they are much more potent against HIV and equally active against EV71 than the previously described dendrimer prototypes AL-385 and AL-463, which possess the same number of Trp/Tyr residues on the periphery but attached to a smaller and more flexible pentaerythritol core. These results demonstrate the relevance of the globular 3D presentation of the peripheral groups (Trp/Tyr) as well as the length of the spacer connecting them to the central core to interact with the viral envelopes, particularly in the case of HIV, and support the hypothesis that [60]fullerene can be an alternative and attractive biocompatible carbon-based scaffold for this type of highly symmetrical dendrimers. In addition, the functionalized fullerenes here described, which display twelve peripheral negatively charged indole moieties on their globular surface, define a new and versatile class of compounds with a promising potential in biomedical applications

Nueva herramienta online para la fertilización fosfatada en pasturas.

Como orientación para el manejo racional de la fertilización fosfatada y contemplando la variabilidad de suelos que caracteriza a nuestro país, INIA ha desarrolladouna herramienta de consulta de acceso gratuito a través de internet. La herramienta permite contemplar particularidades agronómicas relevantes y está basada en el conocimiento vigente, producto de la investigación y experimentación científica