A szöveghagyományozódás kérdései a magyar nyelvtörténetben = Changing of texts in the history of Hungarian language

A pályázat résztvevői régi magyar egyházi és irodalmi szövegekben vizsgálták témájukat, figyelmet fordítva közös nyelvi és művelődéstörténeti jellemzőkre is (a nyelvi hagyományhoz való viszony, a liturgia nyelvi kérdései stb.) Kutatásaikba esetenként más kollégákat, volt tanítványaikat szintén bevonták. A fő témakörökből (Szenci Molnár Albert zsoltárai, a Margit-legenda, egyes liturgikus szövegek) négy könyvet publikáltak; s több adatbázist készítettek, 60 cikket írtak. A Szenci Molnár Albert zsoltárainak szöveghagyományozódásáról c. könyv az eredeti szövegeket elsősorban a mai református énekeskönyvben lévővel veti össze (A. Molnár F. – Oszlánszki É.). Fekete Cs. „Első konfirmációs Ágendánk…”-at adta ki tanulmánnyal (utószó, nyelvészeti megjegyzések: A. Molnár F.). A római katolikus „Nagyszombati Agendarius” magyar nyelvű szertartási betéteit, valamint a XVII. század eleji délvidéki graduálok szövegét szintén Fekete Cs. vizsgálta és kommentálta („Örvendezzünk körösztyénök …”). M. Nagy I. és munkatársai elkészítették a MargL. (1510) digitális konkordancia-szótárát, egy mutatványt a készülő MargL.-szótárból és a Ráskay Lea másolta többi kódex koordinált szópárjainak listájából. A MargL. legfontosabb latin forrásszövegének javított kiadását is előkészítik. Kiadtuk Demján A. PhD-disszertációját: A tékozló fiú példázatának magyar fordításairól (témavezető: A. Molnár F.). Rendeztünk két konferenciát (2007, 2012), s több bel- és külföldi konferencián is előadtunk. | The participiants of the project team investigated their theme in old Hungarian religious and literary texts, taking into consideration their common linguistic and cultural characters, too . They have published 4 books, wrote databases and completed 60 articles. The book entitled Szenci Molnár Albert zsoltárainak szöveghagyományozódásáról [’On the text-tradition of the psalms of Albert Szenci Molnár’] by F. A. Molnár and É. Oszlánszki draws a comparison between the original text and the one in the current hymn-book of the reformed church of Hungary. Cs. Fekete edited, with a study, the book Első konfirmációs ágendánk [Our first agenda for confirmation]. Cs. Fekete also edited and offered comments on the Hungarian texts of a Catholic Agendarius (Agendarius of Nagyszombat) and published a book about the graduals of the 17th century in Southern Hungary: Örvendezzünk körösztyénök [Rejoice, Christians]. I. M. Nagy and her colleagues constructed a digital dictionary of Margit-legend (1510), a specimen of the Dictionary of MargL and a list about the coordinated word-pairs of other codices, also copied by Lea Ráskay. They have also prepared the revised text of the most important Latin source of MargL. A PhD dissertation by A. Demján has also been published: A tékozló fiú példázatának magyar fordításairól [On the Hungarian translations of the paradigm of the prodigal son). We organised two conferences, also lectured at conferences both at home and abroad

Restricting excessive cardiac action potential and QT prolongation: a vital role for IKs in human ventricular muscle

Background - Although pharmacological block of the slow, delayed rectifier potassium current (I-Ks) by chromanol 293B, L-735,821, or HMR-1556 produces little effect on action potential duration (APD) in isolated rabbit and dog ventricular myocytes, the effect of IKs block on normal human ventricular muscle APD is not known. Therefore, studies were conducted to elucidate the role of IKs in normal human ventricular muscle and in preparations in which both repolarization reserve was attenuated and sympathetic activation was increased by exogenous dofetilide and adrenaline. Methods and Results - Preparations were obtained from undiseased organ donors. Action potentials were measured in ventricular trabeculae and papillary muscles using conventional microelectrode techniques; membrane currents were measured in ventricular myocytes using voltage-clamp techniques. Chromanol 293B (10 mu mol/L), L-735,821 (100 nmol/L), and HMR-1556 (100 nmol/L and 1 mu mol/L) produced a < 12-ms change in APD while pacing at cycle lengths ranging from 300 to 5000 ms, whereas the I-Kr blockers sotalol and E-4031 markedly lengthened APD. In voltage-clamp experiments, L- 735,821 and chromanol 293B each blocked IKs in the presence of E-4031 to block IKr. The E-4031-sensitive current (I-Kr) at the end of a 150-ms-long test pulse to 30 mV was 32.9 +/- 6.7 pA (n = 8); the L-735,821-sensitive current (I-Ks) magnitude was 17.8 +/- 2.94 pA (n = 10). During a longer 500-ms test pulse, IKr was not substantially changed (33.6 +/- 6.1 pA; n = 8), and I-Ks was significantly increased (49.6 +/- 7.24 pA; n = 10). On application of an "action potential-like" test pulse, I-Kr increased as voltage became more negative, whereas I-Ks remained small throughout all phases of the action potential - like test pulse. In experiments in which APD was first lengthened by 50 nmol/L dofetilide and sympathetic activation was increased by 1 mu mol/L adrenaline, 1 mu mol/L HMR-1556 significantly increased APD by 14.7 +/- 3.2% (P < 0.05; n = 3). Conclusions - Pharmacological IKs block in the absence of sympathetic stimulation plays little role in increasing normal human ventricular muscle APD. However, when human ventricular muscle repolarization reserve is attenuated, IKs plays an increasingly important role in limiting action potential prolongation

The psychological consequences of the ecological crisis: Three new questionnaires to assess eco-anxiety, eco-guilt, and ecological grief

As climate change develops reactions such as eco-anxiety, eco-guilt and ecological grief are becoming increasingly common. Our aim was to develop questionnaires to assess these psychological consequences, and to examine their relationship with pro-environmental behavior (PEB). Items of the questionnaires were generated based on literature review and the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews (N = 17). The first item pool was administered to a large adult sample (N = 4608) along with assessing PEB. The Eco-Guilt Questionnaire (EGuiQ-11) and the Ecological Grief Questionnaire (EGriQ-6) each had a one-factor structure, while the Eco-Anxiety Questionnaire (EAQ-22) consisted of two factors: habitual ecological worry and the negative consequences of eco-anxiety. The factors were positively associated with PEB. The questionnaires had a robust factor structure, and they are suitable for the assessment of a wide range of negative emotional states related to climate change and the ecological crisis. Our results indicate the possible utility of negative emotions in reinforcing PEB

OGG1 Inhibition Reduces Acinar Cell Injury in a Mouse Model of Acute Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a potentially life-threatening gastrointestinal disease with a complex pathology including oxidative stress. Oxidative stress triggers oxidative DNA lesions such as formation of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2′-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and also causes DNA strand breaks. DNA breaks can activate the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) which contributes to AP pathology. 8-oxoG is recognized by 8-oxoG glycosylase 1 (OGG1) resulting in the removal of 8-oxoG from DNA as an initial step of base excision repair. Since OGG1 also possesses a DNA nicking activity, OGG1 activation may also trigger PARP1 activation. In the present study we investigated the role played by OGG1 in AP. We found that the OGG1 inhibitor compound TH5487 reduced edema formation, inflammatory cell migration and necrosis in a cerulein-induced AP model in mice. Moreover, TH5487 caused 8-oxoG accumulation and reduced tissue poly(ADP-ribose) levels. Consistent with the indirect PARP inhibitory effect, TH5487 shifted necrotic cell death (LDH release and Sytox green uptake) towards apoptosis (caspase activity) in isolated pancreatic acinar cells. In the in vivo AP model, TH5487 treatment suppressed the expression of various cytokine and chemokine mRNAs such as those of TNF, IL-1β, IL1ra, IL6, IL16, IL23, CSF, CCL2, CCL4, CCL12, IL10 and TREM as measured with a cytokine array and verified by RT-qPCR. As a potential mechanism underlying the transcriptional inhibitory effect of the OGG1 inhibitor we showed that while 8-oxoG accumulation in the DNA facilitates NF-κB binding to its consensus sequence, when OGG1 is inhibited, target site occupancy of NF-κB is impaired. In summary, OGG1 inhibition provides protection from tissue injury in AP and these effects are likely due to interference with the PARP1 and NF-κB activation pathways

Prehistoric uses of circumpolar mineral resources: Insights and emerging questions from Arctic archaeology

Background. There are little comparative data on catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) using the contact force radiofrequency (CF-RF) catheter versus the second-generation cryoballoon (CB2). Methods and results. This is a single center, retrospective, nonrandomized study of 98 patients with symptomatic, drug-refractory paroxysmal AF who underwent their first PVI ablation using either the CB2 (n=40) or CF-RF (n=58). The mean age was 60 years with 63% men, a mean LA size of 42 mm. The procedure duration (74±17 versus 120±49 minutes p<0.05) was shorter for CB2 group; the fluoroscopy time (14±17 versus 16±5 minutes, p=0.45) was similar. Complete PVI was achieved in 96% of patients with RF-CF and 98% with CB2. Phrenic nerve palsies (2 transient and 1 persistent) occurred exclusively in the CB2 group and 1 severe, nonlethal complication (pericardial tamponade) occurred in the CF-RF group. At 24-month follow-up, the success rate, defined as freedom from AF/atrial tachycardia (AT) after a single procedure without antiarrhythmic drug, was comparable in CF-RF group and CB2 group (65.5% versus 67%, resp., log rank p=0.54). Conclusion. Both the CB2 and the RF-CF ablation appeared safe; the success rate at 2 years was comparable between both technologies

Atomic and vibrational origins of mechanical toughness in bioactive cement during setting

Bioactive glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been in widespread use for ~40 years in dentistry and medicine. However, these composites fall short of the toughness needed for permanent implants. Significant impediment to improvement has been the requisite use of conventional destructive mechanical testing, which is necessarily retrospective. Here we show quantitatively, through the novel use of calorimetry, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and neutron scattering, how GIC’s developing fracture toughness during setting is related to interfacial THz dynamics, changing atomic cohesion and fluctuating interfacial configurations. Contrary to convention, we find setting is non-monotonic, characterized by abrupt features not previously detected, including a glass–polymer coupling point, an early setting point, where decreasing toughness unexpectedly recovers, followed by stress-induced weakening of interfaces. Subsequently, toughness declines asymptotically to long-term fracture test values. We expect the insight afforded by these in situ non-destructive techniques will assist in raising understanding of the setting mechanisms and associated dynamics of cementitious materials

Application of spatio-temporal data in site-specific maize yield prediction with machine learning methods

In order to meet the requirements of sustainability and to determine yield drivers and limiting factors, it is now more likely that traditional yield modelling will be carried out using artificial intelligence (AI). The aim of this study was to predict maize yields using AI that uses spatio-temporal training data. The paper has advanced a new method of maize yield prediction, which is based on spatio-temporal data mining. To find the best solution, various models were used: counter-propagation artificial neural networks (CP-ANNs), XY-fused Querynetworks (XY-Fs), supervised Kohonen networks (SKNs), neural networks with Rectangular Linear Activations (ReLU), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), support-vector machine (SVM), and different subsets of the independent variables in five vegetation periods. Input variables for modelling included: soil parameters (pH, P2O5, K2O, Zn, clay content, ECa, draught force, Cone index), micro-relief averages, and meteorological parameters for the 63 treatment units in a 15.3 ha research field. The best performing method (XGBoost) reached 92.1% and 95.3% accuracy on the training and the test sets. Additionally, a novel method was introduced to treat individual units in a lattice system. The lattice-based smoothing performed an additional increase in Area under the curve (AUC) to 97.5% over the individual predictions of the XGBoost model. The models were developed using 48 different subsets of variables to determine which variables consistently contributed to prediction accuracy. By comparing the resulting models, it was shown that the best regression model was Extreme Gradient Boosting Trees, with 92.1% accuracy (on the training set). In addition, the method calculates the influence of the spatial distribution of site-specific soil fertility on maize grain yields. This paper provides a new method of spatio-temporal data analyses, taking the most important influencing factors on maize yields into account

Rare Copy Number Variants in \u3cem\u3eNRXN1\u3c/em\u3e and \u3cem\u3eCNTN6\u3c/em\u3e Increase Risk for Tourette Syndrome

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a model neuropsychiatric disorder thought to arise from abnormal development and/or maintenance of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. TS is highly heritable, but its underlying genetic causes are still elusive, and no genome-wide significant loci have been discovered to date. We analyzed a European ancestry sample of 2,434 TS cases and 4,093 ancestry-matched controls for rare (\u3c 1% frequency) copy-number variants (CNVs) using SNP microarray data. We observed an enrichment of global CNV burden that was prominent for large (\u3e 1 Mb), singleton events (OR = 2.28, 95% CI [1.39–3.79], p = 1.2 × 10−3) and known, pathogenic CNVs (OR = 3.03 [1.85–5.07], p = 1.5 × 10−5). We also identified two individual, genome-wide significant loci, each conferring a substantial increase in TS risk (NRXN1 deletions, OR = 20.3, 95% CI [2.6–156.2]; CNTN6 duplications, OR = 10.1, 95% CI [2.3–45.4]). Approximately 1% of TS cases carry one of these CNVs, indicating that rare structural variation contributes significantly to the genetic architecture of TS