248 research outputs found
Central Regulation of Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Under Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions.
TRH is a tripeptide amide that functions as a neurotransmitter but also serves as a neurohormone that has a critical role in the central regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Hypophysiotropic TRH neurons involved in this neuroendocrine process are located in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and secrete TRH into the pericapillary space of the external zone of the median eminence for conveyance to anterior pituitary thyrotrophs. Under basal conditions, the activity of hypophysiotropic TRH neurons is regulated by the negative feedback effects of thyroid hormone to ensure stable, circulating, thyroid hormone concentrations, a mechanism that involves complex interactions between hypophysiotropic TRH neurons and the vascular system, cerebrospinal fluid, and specialized glial cells called tanycytes. Hypophysiotropic TRH neurons also integrate other humoral and neuronal inputs that can alter the setpoint for negative feedback regulation by thyroid hormone. This mechanism facilitates adaptation of the organism to changing environmental conditions, including the shortage of food and a cold environment. The thyroid axis is also affected by other adverse conditions such as infection, but the central mechanisms mediating suppression of hypophysiotropic TRH may be pathophysiological. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of hypophysiotropic TRH neurons under physiological and pathophysiological conditions
Bidirectional and unidirectional comitative constructions in Hungarian: A psycholinguistic investigation at the interface of argument structure and semantics
This paper explores how bidirectional and unidirectional comitative constructions are processed at the level of argument structure. Bidirectional comitative constructions describe events where the two actors undergo the same effect described by the predicate (e.g., John was kissing with Mary), whereas unidirectional comitative constructions describe events in which one of the actors is the agent, and the other one is the patient (e.g., John was messing with Mary). In particular, we used the self-paced reading paradigm to determine if the two constructions access distinct mental representations. The findings suggest that distinct mental representations are activated automatically by bidirectional and unidirectional verbs during online language comprehension
VeszĂ©lyeztetett Ă©pĂtĂ©szeti öröksĂ©g kutatása a Kárpát-medencĂ©ben = Research of the endangered architectural heritage in the Karpathian-basin
Az erdĂ©lyi közössĂ©gek lĂ©tszámának csökkenĂ©se Ă©s kisebbsĂ©gi helyzetĂĽk miatt jelentĹ‘s számĂş Ă©pĂtĂ©szeti öröksĂ©gĂĽk veszĂ©lyben van. A kutatás cĂ©lja felmĂ©rĂ©sek Ă©s dokumentáciĂłk kĂ©szĂtĂ©se Ă©s kutatási - PhD - feldolgozása. Több mint 700 munkanap során elkĂ©szĂĽlt munka (felmĂ©rĂ©s): - Medgyes, Ferences templom, - Szárhegy, Ferences kolostor, - RadnĂłt, kastĂ©ly - Három falu - SzĂ©kelyvĂ©cke, Magyarzsákod Ă©s SiklĂłd - nĂ©pi Ă©pĂtĂ©szeti emlĂ©kei: 36 lakĂłház, 1 templom, 1 harangláb. RĂ©sztvevĹ‘k: a nevezett nĂ©gy PhD hallgatĂł illetve kutatĂł, 40 Ă©pĂtĂ©szmĂ©rnök hallgatĂł. EredmĂ©ny: eddig 3 szakfolyĂłirat cikk. | Decreasing number of hungarian communities and a disadvantage a quantity number of their built heritage get in risk in Transylvania. The aim of research was architectural survey and documentation of these orphan architectural heritage. During more than 700 days completed documentations: - Franciscan church in Medgyes, - Franciscan cloister in Szárhegy, - Manor house in RadnĂłt, - Three villages - SzĂ©kelyvĂ©cke, Magyarzsákod and SiklĂłd - architectural remains: 36 peasant house, one church and one bell tower. Contributors: The named four PhD students researcher, 40 university students. Result: Three professional paper publications
Főúri házikápolnák a 18–19. századi Magyarországon = The Noble Home Chapels of Hungary in the 18th and 19th Centuries
A kastĂ©lyok, paloták, kĂşriák, „várkastĂ©lyok”, várak – vagyis a fĹ‘Ăşri lakĂłhelyek – elsĹ‘sorban profán Ă©pĂtĂ©szeti műfajt kĂ©pviselnek, azonban funkcionális sokszĂnűsĂ©gĂĽket Ă©s komplexitásukat jĂłl reprezentálja, hogy többsĂ©gĂĽk szakrális rendeltetĂ©selemeket is befogadott. A házikápolna a világi fĹ‘Ăşri lakĂłhelyekben az otthoni vallásgyakorlás legfontosabb szĂnhelye, amely a 19. század közepĂ©ig jellemzĹ‘en a fĹ‘Ăşri vallásosság szimbĂłluma volt. A házikápolnák tĂ©rkompozĂciĂłja a liturgia egyszerűsĂtett változatára specializálĂłdott. Ugyanakkor a fĹ‘Ăşri, valamint a köznĂ©pi egyĂĽttes jelenlĂ©t funkcionálisan differenciált, tagolt tĂ©ralakĂtást eredmĂ©nyezett. A 18. századi pĂ©ldák nagy belmagasságĂş, karzatokkal kialakĂtott, boltozott csarnokterei kĂ©sĹ‘ közĂ©pkori hagyományon alapulhattak, ugyanakkor korabeli jellemzĹ‘jĂĽk, hogy közvetlen udvari bejáratuk rĂ©vĂ©n nyilvános liturgiára is alkalmasak voltak. A házikápolnák diszpozĂciĂłja a 18–19. században rendkĂvĂĽli változatosságot mutatott. Az 1850 elĹ‘tti pĂ©ldáknál az Ă©pĂĽleten belĂĽli tĂ©rkapcsolatot a fĹ‘Ăşri oratĂłrium-karzat biztosĂtotta, amely jellemzĹ‘en a fĂ©rfi lakosztály felĹ‘l – annak földszinti vagy emeleti elhelyezĂ©sĂ©tĹ‘l fĂĽggetlenĂĽl – volt megközelĂthetĹ‘. Az idĹ‘szakban volt pĂ©lda arra, hogy a kápolna a nĹ‘i oldalon helyezkedett el, Ă©s volt pĂ©lda a kĂ©t lakosztály közötti diszpozĂciĂłra is. A nagyvonalĂş, attraktĂv kialakĂtásĂş nyilvános kápolnák mellett kisebb, helyisĂ©gsorba illeszkedĹ‘, lakosztályokon belĂĽlre pozĂcionált magánkápolnát is gyakran lĂ©tesĂtettek a korszakban. A 19. század közepĂ©tĹ‘l a házikápolnák hagyományos funkcionalitása megmaradt, de elhelyezĂ©sĂĽkre jellemzĹ‘ volt a tulajdonosi lakosztályoktĂłl távolabbi, esetenkĂ©nt a vendĂ©glakrĂ©szekhez az Ă©pĂĽletszárnyak vĂ©gĂ©n kapcsolĂłdĂł, tehát az elsĹ‘dleges forgalmi terektĹ‘l kiesĹ‘, „perifĂ©riás” diszpozĂciĂł, de elĹ‘fordult a központi társasági terek monumentális csoportjához törtĂ©nĹ‘ hangsĂşlyos kapcsolĂłdás is.
Castles, palaces, mansions, fortresses – namely the noble households – are elements of the profane architectural genre primarily, but their functional diversity and complexity are well represented by the fact that most of them have sacred functions as well. The home chapel of the secular noble households can be considered as the most important venue for religious practice at home, which was a typical symbol of the noble religiousness until the mid-19th century. The spatial composition of the home chapels was specialized to a simplified version of the liturgy. Nevertheless, the joint presence of the nobility and the common folk resulted in a functionally differentiated, articulated space form. The 18th-century examples of vaulted halls with high ceilings and galleries could have been based on a late-medieval tradition, but they were suitable for public liturgy as well through their direct courtyard entrance. The disposition of the home chapels was very various in the 18th and 19th centuries. As for the pre-1850 examples their spatial connection within the building was provided by the noble oratorial gallery, which was accessible from the male apartments typically, regardless of its layout in ground-floor or upstairs. At the same time there were also some examples of a chapel on the female side, and between the two apartments as well. In addition to the generous, attractive public chapels, also smaller private chapels were often built within the apartments at that time. From the middle of the 19th century the traditional functionality of the home chapels was preserved, but it became typical that the location of the chapels was rather away from the owner apartments, in some cases connected to the guest apartments at the end of the building wings, which meant a “peripheral” disposition to the primary paths of usage. Besides, there are examples to an emphatic connection to the monumental group of central social rooms.
Schlösser, Paläste, Herrenhäuser, Burgen – nämlich die Adelswohnsitze – sind in erster Linie Elemente des profanen Architekturgenres, aber ihre funktionale Vielfalt und Komplexität wird dadurch entsprechend repräsentiert, dass die meisten von ihnen auch heilige Funktionen haben. Die Hauskapelle der säkularen Adelswohnsitze kann als wichtigster Platz der Religionsausübung zu Hause angesehen werden, der bis Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts ein typisches Symbol für die edle Religiosität war. Die räumliche Struktur der Hauskapellen war auf eine vereinfachte Version der Liturgie spezialisiert. Dennoch führte das Zusammensein von Adel und Volk zu einer funktional differenzierten, gegliederten Raumform. Die Beispiele aus dem 18. Jahrhundert können einer spätmittelalterlichen Tradition – Gewölbesäle mit hohen Decken und Galerien – entsprungen sein, aber sie waren auch für die öffentliche Liturgie durch ihren direkten Eingang vom Innenhof geeignet. In 18. und 19. Jahrhunderten war die Anordnung der Hauskapellen sehr unterschiedlich. Was die Beispiele aus der Zeit vor 1850 betrifft, wurde ihre räumliche Verbindung innerhalb des Gebäudes durch die edle Oratorialgalerie, die von dem Männerapartment aus zugänglich war – unabhängig von seiner Anordnung im Erdgeschoss oder im Obergeschoss, ermöglicht. Ausserdem gab es einige Beispiele für eine Kapelle sowohl auf der weiblichen Seite als auch zwischen den beiden Apartments. Neben den großzügigen und attraktiven öffentlichen Kapellen wurden auch kleinere Privatkapellen innerhalb des Apartments zu dieser Zeit häufig errichtet. Ab der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts blieb die traditionelle Funktionalität der Hauskapellen erhalten, aber es war typisch, dass die Lage der Kapellen eher ferner von den Apartments der Eigentümer lag, in einigen Fällen verbunden mit den Gästeapartments am Ende eines Gebäudeflügels. Das bedeutete eine „periphere“ Anordnung zu
den primären Benutzungswegen. Daneben gibt es Beispiele für eine betonte Verbindung zur monumentalen Gruppe zentraler Sozialräume
- …