Characteristics of surveillance systems for suicide and self-harm: A scoping review

Background Suicide is a complex public health issue. Surveillance systems play a vital role in identifying trends and epidemiologic needs, informing public health strategies, and tailoring effective context-based suicide prevention interventions. Aim To identify and summarise the characteristics of specific surveillance systems and general health behaviour that include data on suicide and self-harm. Method A scoping review following the JBI recommendations and PRISMA-ScR guidelines identified 29 relevant studies on suicide and self-harm surveillance systems. A systematic search was performed on Cinahl, Embase, Lilacs—Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, PubMed—US National Library of Medicine, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The eligibility criteria include papers that use qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods with no restrictions on time or language. The following papers were excluded regarding euthanasia and assisted suicide, as well as papers that did not explicitly describe suicide, self-harm, and surveillance systems. Two researchers independently screened the materials for eligibility and extracted data from the included studies. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis. Results Twenty-nine references were included, and 30 surveillance systems were identified and classified into general health behaviour surveillance (n = 15) and specific systems for suicide and self-harm (n = 15). General health behaviour systems often operate at national data collection level, collecting non-fatal data in healthcare settings, mainly emergency departments. The specific systems exhibited greater variability in terms of context, involved actors, data collection level, data collection procedures, and case classification. Limitations found by the studies pointed mostly to case definitions and data quality. Co-production, intersectoral collaboration, clear case definition criteria and data standardisation are essential to improve surveillance systems for suicide and self-harm. Conclusions This review identified the characteristics of surveillance systems for suicide and self-harm. Monitoring and evaluation are crucial for ongoing relevance and impact on prevention efforts

Evolution of the use of corticosteroids for the treatment of hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Spain between March and November 2020: SEMI-COVID national registry

Objectives: Since the results of the RECOVERY trial, WHO recommendations about the use of corticosteroids (CTs) in COVID-19 have changed. The aim of the study is to analyse the evolutive use of CTs in Spain during the pandemic to assess the potential influence of new recommendations. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was conducted on adults hospitalised due to COVID-19 in Spain who were included in the SEMI-COVID- 19 Registry from March to November 2020. Results: CTs were used in 6053 (36.21%) of the included patients. The patients were older (mean (SD)) (69.6 (14.6) vs. 66.0 (16.8) years; p < 0.001), with hypertension (57.0% vs. 47.7%; p < 0.001), obesity (26.4% vs. 19.3%; p < 0.0001), and multimorbidity prevalence (20.6% vs. 16.1%; p < 0.001). These patients had higher values (mean (95% CI)) of C-reactive protein (CRP) (86 (32.7-160) vs. 49.3 (16-109) mg/dL; p < 0.001), ferritin (791 (393-1534) vs. 470 (236- 996) µg/dL; p < 0.001), D dimer (750 (430-1400) vs. 617 (345-1180) µg/dL; p < 0.001), and lower Sp02/Fi02 (266 (91.1) vs. 301 (101); p < 0.001). Since June 2020, there was an increment in the use of CTs (March vs. September; p < 0.001). Overall, 20% did not receive steroids, and 40% received less than 200 mg accumulated prednisone equivalent dose (APED). Severe patients are treated with higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%. Conclusions: Patients with greater comorbidity, severity, and inflammatory markers were those treated with CTs. In severe patients, there is a trend towards the use of higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%

Seleção, acasalamento e genotipagem seletiva e outras estratégias de amostragem na detecção de QTL

Foram simuladas diferentes estratégias de seleção para estimar o desempenho fenotípico e a endogamia média na seleção assistida por marcadores, em características quantitativas com valores de herdabilidade de 0,10; 0,40 e 0,70. O sistema de simulação genética (Genesys) foi utilizado para a simulação de três genomas (cada qual constituído de uma única característica cuja distinção estava no valor da herdabilidade), e das populações base e inicial. Cada população inicial foi submetida à seleção assistida por marcadores por 20 gerações consecutivas. Avaliaram-se estratégias de acasalamento entre os genitores selecionados, em diferentes intensidades de seleção (tamanhos populacionais), por meio do acasalamento seletivo entre os melhores e os piores, acasalamento apenas entre os melhores e/ou entre os piores e acasalamento aleatório. Em todos os cenários combinando herdabilidade e intensidade, o acasalamento estratégico utilizando a metodologia da genotipagem seletiva foi superior aos demais, tornando-se mais eficaz na detecção de QTL e, consequentemente, no incremento do valor fenotípico e na minimização das médias endogâmicas ao longo das gerações. Ao utilizar a estratégia seletiva de amostragem, menor tamanho populacional é requerido para otimizar a detecção de QTL à medida que o valor da herdabilidade da característica aumenta

Alterações em atributos do solo decorrentes da aplicação de nitrogênio e palha em sistema semeadura direta na cultura do milho Changes in soil properties due to application of nitrogen and straw in maize grown under no-till system

Nos últimos anos, tem-se procurado elevar os teores de C orgânico do solo e, ao mesmo tempo, aumentar a produtividade das culturas. Neste contexto, o sistema semeadura direta (SSD) tem importante participação, principalmente na região dos Cerrados. Entretanto, para se alcançar altas produtividades, as gramíneas requerem a adição de doses elevadas de adubos nitrogenados. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações no solo decorrentes da aplicação de palha e de N em solo cultivado com milho por 10 anos (1991-2001) em SSD. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Embrapa-Milho e Sorgo, em Sete Lagoas-MG, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico sob cerrado. Os tratamentos constaram da combinação de palha sobre o solo (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12Mg ha-1 de matéria seca) dispostas nas parcelas, e de cinco níveis de N aplicados em cobertura (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160kg ha-1), na forma de uréia, dispostos nas subparcelas. Foram realizadas duas coletas de solo (antes e após uma calagem), nas profundidades de 0-0,025; 0,025-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20; 0,20-0,40m. Análises químicas e físicas de rotina foram efetuadas usando-se métodos padrões. Os teores de C orgânico e de K foram influenciados pelas doses de palha e aumentaram à medida que se aumentou a aplicação de palha sobre o solo. A variação nas doses de N promoveu alterações no pH, nos teores de Ca, Mg e nas saturações por bases e por Al até a profundidade de 0,20m. A calagem superficial promoveu o aumento do pH do solo em profundidade e dos teores de Ca, até 0,20m, provavelmente devido à alta pluviosidade no período pós-calagem (1600mm em oito meses).<br>Agricultural practices have been trying to increase the content of organic C in soils and at the same time to increase yields. In this context, the no-till system (NTS) has an important role to play, particularly in the Cerrado region of Brazil. However, to reach high yields, the crops demand high inputs of N fertilizers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the modifications induced in the soil after ten years (1991-2001) of NTS, influenced by different straw and N doses. The experiment was set at the Embrapa farm in Sete Lagoas-MG, on a typic Dystrofic Red Latosol under Cerrado vegetation. The treatments consisted of five straw doses (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12Mg ha-1 of dry matter) in the plot and five doses of N (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160kg ha-1) as urea in the subplot. Two samplings were accomplished, before and after liming. The soil layers sampled were 0-0.025; 0.025-0.05; 0.05-0.10; 0.10-0.20; and 0.20-0.40m. Routine soil physical and chemical variables were measured according to standard procedures. The contents of organic C and K were influenced by the different straw doses and increased as the application of straw increased. The different doses of N influenced pH, Ca, Mg, Al, base and Al saturation, up to 0.20m. The surface liming was capable of increasing pH, in some cases up to 0.20m, and the same happened for Ca. The vertical movement of the lime in the profile was probably due to the good physical properties of the soil and to the heavy rainfall (1600mm in eight months)