Pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs and the impact on women

OBJECTIVE : To analyze the association between the pictorial graphic health warnings on cigarette packs and their impact on intention to quit smoking among women. METHODS : Population-based cross-sectional study among 265 women daily smokers in the State of Paraná in 2010. The sample size was calculated using cluster sampling. Participants were asked whether they had seen any pictorial graphic health warnings in the past 30 days, whether these warnings made them think about quitting, and intensity of these thoughts. The data was analyzed using logistic regression and the independent variables included age, educational attainment, whether they had children, whether they had attempted to quit smoking in the past 12 months, age of smoking initiation, number of cigarettes smoked per day, their town of residence, and how soon after waking do they smoke their first cigarette. RESULTS : Participants (91.7%) reported seeing the pictorial graphic health warnings in the past 30 days. Women with elementary education or below and women with some/complete high school education were more likely to think about quitting smoking after seeing the pictorial graphic health warningsthan women with higher education (OR = 4.85; p = 0.0028 and OR = 2.91; p = 0.05), respectively). Women who attempted to quit smoking in the past 12 months were more likely to think about quitting than women who had not (OR = 2.49; p = 0.001). Quit attempts within the last 12 months were associated with intensity of these thoughts (OR = 2.2; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS : Results show an association between pictorial graphic health warnings and intent to quit smoking among women with warnings having a greater impact among women with less education and who had attempted to quit smoking within the past year. Tobacco control strategies should be implemented across all groups of women regardless of their educational attainment.OBJETIVO : Analisar a associação entre as advertências gráficas nos maços de cigarro e seu impacto na intenção de parar de fumar entre mulheres. MÉTODOS : Estudo transversal de base populacional com 265 mulheres do estado do Paraná que fumaram diariamente no ano de 2010. O tamanho da amostra foi calculado por amostragem probabilística por cluster. As participantes foram questionadas se haviam visto as advertências gráficas nos maços de cigarro nos últimos 30 dias, se as advertências as fizeram pensar em cessar o uso do cigarro e em que intensidade. Os dados foram analisados usando regressão logística, e as variáveis independentes incluíram idade, anos de estudo, presença de filhos, tentativa de parar de fumar nos últimos 12 meses, idade quando começou a fumar, número de cigarros fumados por dia, cidade de residência e quanto tempo depois de acordar elas fumam o primeiro cigarro. RESULTADOS : Mais de 90,7% das participantes relataram ter visto as advertências nos últimos 30 dias. Mulheres que estudaram até o ensino fundamental ou médio apresentaram maior probabilidade de pensar em cessar de fumar depois de verem as advertências gráficas nos maços de cigarro do que mulheres com ensino superior (OR = 4,85; p = 0,0028 e OR = 2,91; p = 0,05, respectivamente). Mulheres que tentaram parar de fumar nos últimos 12 meses tiveram maior probabilidade de cessar de fumar do que as que não tentaram (OR = 2,49; p = 0,001). Nos últimos 12 meses, as tentativas de parar de fumar nos últimos 12 meses associaram-se à intensidade desses pensamentos (OR = 2,2; p = 0,03). CONCLUSÕES : Advertências gráficas nos maços de cigarro associaram-se à intenção de parar de fumar entre mulheres, sobretudo entre aquelas com menos anos de estudo e as que tentaram parar de fumar nos últimos 12 meses. Estratégias para o controle do tabaco devem ser implementadas para todas as mulheres, independentemente do nível de escolaridade.OBJETIVO : Analizar la asociación entre las advertencias gráficas en los paquetes de cigarro y su impacto en la intención de parar de fumar entre mujeres. MÉTODOS : Estudio transversal de base poblacional con 265 mujeres del estado de Paraná que fumaron diariamente en el año de 2010. El tamaño de la muestra fue calculada por muestreo probabilístico por cluster. Las participantes fueron interrogadas si habían visto advertencias gráficas en los paquetes de cigarro en los últimos 30 días, si las advertencias les hicieron pensar en dejar de usar el cigarro y en qué intensidad. Los datos fueron analizados usando regresión logística y las variables independientes incluyeron edad, años de estudio, presencia de hijos, intento de parar de fumar en los últimos 12 meses, edad cuando comenzó a fumar, número de cigarros fumados por día, ciudad de residencia y cuanto tiempo después de despertarse, ellas fuman el primer cigarro. RESULTADOS : Cerca de 91,7% de las participantes mencionaron haber visto las advertencias en los últimos 30 días. Mujeres que estudiaron hasta la primaria o secundaria, presentaron mayor probabilidad de pensar en parar de fumar después de ver las advertencias gráficas en los paquetes de cigarro en comparación con mujeres con educación superior (OR = 4,85; p = 0,0028 e OR = 2,91; p = 0,05, respectivamente). Mujeres que trataron de parar de fumar en los últimos 12 meses tuvieron mayor probabilidad de dejar el cigarro en comparación con las que no lo intentaron (OR = 2,49; p = 0,001). En los últimos 12 meses, los intentos de parar de fumar en ese período, se asociaron con la intensidad de tales pensamientos (OR = 2,2; p = 0,03).  CONCLUSIONES : Advertencias gráficas en los paquetes de cigarro se asociaron con la intención de dejar de fumar entre mujeres, principalmente, entre aquellas con menos años de estudio y las que intentaron parar de fumar en los últimos 12 meses. Estrategias para el control del tabaco deben ser implementadas en todas las mujeres, independientemente del nivel de escolaridad

Pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs and the impact on women

OBJECTIVE : To analyze the association between the pictorial graphic health warnings on cigarette packs and their impact on intention to quit smoking among women. METHODS : Population-based cross-sectional study among 265 women daily smokers in the State of Paraná in 2010. The sample size was calculated using cluster sampling. Participants were asked whether they had seen any pictorial graphic health warnings in the past 30 days, whether these warnings made them think about quitting, and intensity of these thoughts. The data was analyzed using logistic regression and the independent variables included age, educational attainment, whether they had children, whether they had attempted to quit smoking in the past 12 months, age of smoking initiation, number of cigarettes smoked per day, their town of residence, and how soon after waking do they smoke their first cigarette. RESULTS : Participants (91.7%) reported seeing the pictorial graphic health warnings in the past 30 days. Women with elementary education or below and women with some/complete high school education were more likely to think about quitting smoking after seeing the pictorial graphic health warningsthan women with higher education (OR = 4.85; p = 0.0028 and OR = 2.91; p = 0.05), respectively). Women who attempted to quit smoking in the past 12 months were more likely to think about quitting than women who had not (OR = 2.49; p = 0.001). Quit attempts within the last 12 months were associated with intensity of these thoughts (OR = 2.2; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS : Results show an association between pictorial graphic health warnings and intent to quit smoking among women with warnings having a greater impact among women with less education and who had attempted to quit smoking within the past year. Tobacco control strategies should be implemented across all groups of women regardless of their educational attainment

CONSTRUCCIÓN EPISTÉMICO-PARTICIPATIVA DE LA ARMONIZACIÓN CURRICULAR EN ECUADOR: SU EJEMPLIFICACIÓN EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL

The logic of the epistemic- participative dynamic in the process of curriculum harmonization is revealed as a result of this research. This dynamic is understood as a curriculum contextualized construction through a praxiological process. This process is exemplified in the University of Guayaquil, Ecuador, with the aim of improving knowledge management in participatory spaces that encourage collective commitment to transform the main problems and tensions of society by improving the curriculum of Higher Education in current Ecuadorian universities. Systematization of experiences through the hermeneutic-dialectic approach was used as methodology, allowing deep understanding of the transformations achieved in the process of curricular harmonization. All this is exemplified in the careers of Educational Sciences.Se revela como resultado la lógica de la dinámica epistémico- participativa en el proceso de armonización curricular, entendido como construcción curricular contextualizada mediante un proceso praxiológico. Este proceso se ejemplifica en la Universidad de Guayaquil, Ecuador, con el objetivo de potenciar la gestión de conocimiento en espacios participativos que estimulen el compromiso colectivo de transformar las principales problemáticas y tensiones de la sociedad, a través del perfeccionamiento del currículo de la Educación Superior ecuatoriana actual. Se utilizó como metodología la sistematización de experiencias a través del enfoque hermenéutico-dialéctico, lo que permitió interpretar las transformaciones logradas en el proceso de armonización curricular ejemplificado en las carreras de Ciencias de la Educación

El taller de socialización y la valoración científica en las Ciencias Pedagógicas / The socializing workshop and the scientific appraisal in pedagogical sciences

La sistematización de experiencias de las autoras como gestoras del proceso de formación doctoral en Ciencias Pedagógicas, les ha permitido proponer el Taller de Socialización, como alternativa válida para la valoración científica de investigaciones pedagógicas, sustentada en la naturaleza epistémica de dicha ciencia y en sus aportes previos sobre comunicación epistémica. Se presenta su definición y la argumentación de los estadios metodológicos por los que transita.ABSTRACTThe systematization of the authors' experiences as agents of the process of Ph. D. formative process in Pedagogical Sciences leads them to propose The Socialization Workshop, as a valid alternative for scientific valuation of pedagogical investigations, supported in the epistemic nature of this science, as well as the author’s previous contributions about epistemic communication. The definition of The Socialization Workshop, its rationale and corresponding methodological stages are presented

El taller de socialización y la valoración científica en las Ciencias Pedagógicas / The socializing workshop and the scientific appraisal in pedagogical sciences

La sistematización de experiencias de las autoras como gestoras del proceso de formación doctoral en Ciencias Pedagógicas, les ha permitido proponer el Taller de Socialización, como alternativa válida para la valoración científica de investigaciones pedagógicas, sustentada en la naturaleza epistémica de dicha ciencia y en sus aportes previos sobre comunicación epistémica. Se presenta su definición y la argumentación de los estadios metodológicos por los que transita. ABSTRACT The systematization of the authors' experiences as agents of the process of Ph. D. formative process in Pedagogical Sciences leads them to propose The Socialization Workshop, as a valid alternative for scientific valuation of pedagogical investigations, supported in the epistemic nature of this science, as well as the author’s previous contributions about epistemic communication. The definition of The Socialization Workshop, its rationale and corresponding methodological stages are presented

Participatory Breeding on Organic Vegetables

Development of organic vegetable varieties was done through participatory breeding in Regions 4A, 4B, 8 and 12 in the Philippines. Farmer co-operators were trained and seeds of segregating lines and populations which served as their starting materials were provided to them. The materials were evaluated in their respective farms along with continuous selection and seed production. Co-operators were able to select lines of various vegetable crops and seed produce them

DINÁMICA DE LA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA EN LA FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL DEL INGENIERO AGRÓNOMO

For the professional's formation needed by society in this XXI century, we do emphasize in a professional that stands out as person and a reflexive being in his technical, cultural and physical training, hence, in this article, attention is focused in Physical Education as an essential condition to achieve professionals integral formation. In diagnostic studies accomplished in the formation of the Agronomy's Engineer at Las Tunas University, insufficiencies in their integral formation from Physical Education were identified, because its dynamics has not being enough deepened, because it is still conceived from a traditional approach, so as to evidence that potentialities of Physical Education are not enough taken into account in the professionals´ formation process. Thus, it is considered here that it is necessary to continue deepening into the specificities of each professional profile and, specially, in the profile of the Agronomist to be able to introduce the necessary changes in the dynamics of the formation process from Professional Physical Education.Para la formación del profesional que necesita la sociedad en este siglo XXI, se hace énfasis en un profesional que se distinga como persona y como ser reflexivo en su preparación técnica, cultural y física, es por ello que en este artículo se centra la atención en la Educación Física como condición esencial para lograr la formación integral del profesional de Ingeniería Agrónoma. En estudios diagnósticos realizados en la Universidad de las Tunas, se identificó insuficiencias en la formación integral del profesional desde la Educación Física, al no profundizar en la dinámica de dicho proceso que aún se concibe con un enfoque tradicional, lo que evidencia que no se aprovechan al máximo las potencialidades de la Educación Física en el proceso de formación del Ingeniero Agrónomo. Es por ello que se considera necesario continuar profundizando en las especificidades de este perfil profesional para poder introducir los cambios necesarios en la dinámica de los procesos formativos desde la Educación Física

[Prevalence of tobacco use and associated factors among women in Parana State, Brazil]

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and to describe the demographic profile of female smokers in Parana State, Brazil. The study used a cross-sectional population-based design with cluster sampling (n = 2,153) of women 18 years or older in seven cities. Prevalence of smoking was 13.4%, ranging from 10% in Cascavel to 19% in Irati. According to multivariate analysis, city of residence, marital status, and schooling were significantly associated with tobacco use. Women in Irati (OR = 2.08; 95%CI: 1.22-3.54) were more likely to smoke than those in Cambe. Married women and widows were less likely to smoke (OR = 0.47; 95%CI: 0.30-0.73 and OR = 0.43; 95%CI: 0.22-0.87) than single women. Women living with a partner (but not married) were more likely to smoke than single women (OR = 2.49; 95%CI: 1.12-5.53), and women with university degrees were less likely to smoke than those with eight years of school or less (OR = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.22-0.87). The results confirm the need for tobacco control programs that take gender and regional differences into account

Influencia de la inteligencia emocional en los resultados académicos de estudiantes de las Ciencias Médicas

Objetivo: Determinar en qué grado los diferentes factores de la inteligencia emocional son importantes para el buen rendimiento académico en estudiantes de las ciencias médicas.  Diseño Metodológico: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal prospectivo en 150 estudiantes de Ciencias Médicas durante el periodo comprendido del 1ro septiembre de 2011 al 1ro de febrero 2012, basado en un estudio transversal realizada por los autores en una primera etapa. Para explorar las dimensiones de la IE se utilizó la escala Trait Meta Mood 24. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 19,51 años; el 76%  fueron del sexo femenino. El 55,4% obtuvieron un cociente emocional entre 84-103 puntos. Se observó una influencia significativa de los niveles de inteligencia emocional alto en un mejor rendimiento académico, a la vez que en aquellos con cociente emocional bajo se observaron una tendencia a resultados académicos negativos (X2= 3.87, Nivel de significación=5% o sea p˂ 0,05).  Conclusiones: Se encontró que en aquellos estudiantes con un cociente emocional alto predominaron los académicos positivos.Palabras clave: Inteligencia emocional, rendimiento académico, cociente emocional, estudiantes de ciencias médicas.ABSTRACTIntroduction:  Emotional Intelligence is consider crucial in order to get life success, now a days, EI is a very frequent topic on psychology and neurology studies, even dugout, there are not enough studies in our field of this matter and there are even less exploring the relationship between  the EI and the academic results of the medical science studies. Objective: To assess the influence of EI in the academic results of the medical science studies. Material and methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted from September 2011 through February 2012, in a cohort of 150 Medical Science students in order to explore the dimensions of EI the Trait Meta Mood 24 scale was asses.  Results: The average age was 19.5 years old; 76% were female and 55.4% present an emotional coefficient between 84 to 103 points. A high level of emotional intelligence was associated with better academic results at the same time in those with low emotional coefficient a tendency to negative academics results was observe (X2= 3.87, Signification Level=5% o sea p˂ 0,05). Conclusions: It was asses that those students with a high emotional coefficient tend to present positive academic results. Key words: Emotional Intelligence, academic results, emotional coefficient, medical science students.</p

Zika virus pathogenesis in rhesus macaques is unaffected by pre-existing immunity to dengue virus

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging virus that has recently spread into dengue virus (DENV) endemic regions and cross-reactive antibodies (Abs) could potentially affect ZIKV pathogenesis. Using DENV-immune serum, it has been shown in vitro that antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of ZIKV infection can occur. Here we study the effects of pre-existing DENV immunity on ZIKV infection in vivo. We infect two cohorts of rhesus macaques with ZIKV; one cohort has been exposed to DENV 2.8 years earlier and a second control cohort is naïve to flaviviral infection. Our results, while confirming ADE in vitro, suggest that pre-existing DENV immunity does not result in more severe ZIKV disease. Rather our results show a reduction in the number of days of ZIKV viremia compared to naïve macaques and that the previous exposure to DENV may result in modulation of the immune response without resulting in enhancement of ZIKV pathogenesis