538 research outputs found
Music Score Approval Plans in Research Libraries: A Survey of Librarian Satisfaction With and Without Approval Plans
In this study, the researchers submitted a music score approval plan survey to all ARL libraries. Two surveys were created, one for libraries with music score approval plans, one for those without. Forty-four surveys were returned. The authorsâ purpose was to analyze and discuss the survey results, incorporating elements of the scholarly work preceding this study. Discussions, roundtables, and listservs participated in by music librarians over the years formed the basis of the topic at hand. The goal was to ascertain whether these discussions and underlying assumptions of approval plans held true to the real world
How does viscosity contrast influence phase mixing and strain localization?
Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 125 (2020): e2020JB020323, doi: 10.1029/2020JB020323.Ultramylonitesâintensely deformed rocks with fine grain sizes and wellâmixed mineral phasesâare thought to be a key component of Earthâlike plate tectonics, because coupled phase mixing and grain boundary pinning enable rocks to deform by grainâsizeâsensitive, selfâsoftening creep mechanisms over long geologic timescales. In isoviscous twoâphase composites, âgeometricâ phase mixing occurs via the sequential formation, attenuation (stretching), and disaggregation of compositional layering. However, the effects of viscosity contrast on the mechanisms and timescales for geometric mixing are poorly understood. Here, we describe a series of highâstrain torsion experiments on nonisoviscous calciteâfluorite composites (viscosity contrast, ηca/ηfl â 200) at 500°C, 0.75 GPa confining pressure, and 10â6â10â4 sâ1 shear strain rate. At low to intermediate shear strains (Îł †10), polycrystalline domains of the individual phases become sheared and form compositional layering. As layering develops, strain localizes into the weaker phase, fluorite. Strain partitioning impedes mixing by reducing the rate at which the stronger (calcite) layers deform, attenuate, and disaggregate. Even at very large shear strains (Îł â„ 50), grainâscale mixing is limited, and thick compositional layers are preserved. Our experiments (1) demonstrate that viscosity contrasts impede mechanical phase mixing and (2) highlight the relative inefficiency of mechanical mixing. Nevertheless, by employing laboratory flow laws, we show that âidealâ conditions for mechanical phase mixing may be found in the wet middle to lower continental crust and in the dry mantle lithosphere, where quartzâfeldspar and olivineâpyroxene viscosity contrasts are minimized, respectively.This work was funded through a National Science Foundation grant (EARâ1352306) awarded to P. S., with additional support for A. J. C. provided by the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences (Washington University in St. Louis), the J. Lamar Worzel Assistant Scientist Fund (WHOI), and the Penzance Endowed Fund in Support of Assistant Scientists (WHOI). Partial support for electron microscopy was provided by the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (Washington University in St. Louis).2021-02-0
STUDIES ON THE RECOVERY OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN IRRADIATED MICE THYMECTOMIZED IN ADULT LIFE
Experiments performed on CBA mice thymectomized in adult life, exposed to lethal doses of irradiation and given tissue therapy are described. Marrow, foetal liver, or spleen cells from syngeneic donors could protect the mice against the lethal effects of irradiation. Between 30 and 70 days' postirradiation, however, marrow-treated, thymectomized irradiated mice showed evidence of trophic disturbances, such as failure to gain weight, in contrast to sham-operated, irradiated, marrow-treated controls. The immune responses of experimental and control mice were tested up to 150 days' postirradiation by challenging with sheep erythrocytes and allogeneic skin grafts. Sham-operated irradiated controls, whether protected with marrow, foetal liver, or spleen cells, produced normal immune responses when challenged at 28, 60, or 150 days after irradiation. Neither foetal liver cells nor marrow cells, in doses of up to 40 million cells per mouse, enabled thymectomized irradiated mice to recover normal immune functions. Spleen cells, from normal donors but not from neonatally thymectomized donors, restored immunological capacity in such mice. It is concluded that immunologically competent cells are present in the spleen of normal adult donors and can function in the absence of the thymus. Bone marrow, on the other hand, does not contain an adequate population of such cells but has lymphoid precursor cells, the descendants of which can become immunologically competent only in the presence of a functioning thymus mechanism
A spectrum of physics-informed Gaussian processes for regression in engineering
Despite the growing availability of sensing and data in general, we remain
unable to fully characterise many in-service engineering systems and structures
from a purely data-driven approach. The vast data and resources available to
capture human activity are unmatched in our engineered world, and, even in
cases where data could be referred to as ``big,'' they will rarely hold
information across operational windows or life spans. This paper pursues the
combination of machine learning technology and physics-based reasoning to
enhance our ability to make predictive models with limited data. By explicitly
linking the physics-based view of stochastic processes with a data-based
regression approach, a spectrum of possible Gaussian process models are
introduced that enable the incorporation of different levels of expert
knowledge of a system. Examples illustrate how these approaches can
significantly reduce reliance on data collection whilst also increasing the
interpretability of the model, another important consideration in this context
What is the prevalence, and what are the clinical correlates, of insulin resistance in young people presenting for mental health care? A cross-sectional study
Objectives: To report the distribution and predictors of insulin resistance (IR) in young people presenting to primary care-based mental health services.
Design: Cross-sectional.
Setting: Headspace-linked clinics operated by the Brain and Mind Centre of the University of Sydney.
Participants: 768 young people (66% female, mean age 19.7±3.5, range 12â30 years).
Main outcome measures: IR was estimated using the updated homeostatic model assessment (HOMA2-IR). Height and weight were collected from direct measurement or self-report for body mass index (BMI).
Results: For BMI, 20.6% of the cohort were overweight and 10.2% were obese. However,6.9 mmol/L). By contrast, 9.9% had a HOMA2-IR score \u3e2.0 (suggesting development of IR) and 11.7% (n=90) had a score between 1.5 and 2. Further, there was a positive correlation between BMI and HOMA2-IR (r=0.44, p
Conclusions: Emerging IR is evident in a significant subgroup of young people presenting to primary care based mental health services. While the major modifiable risk factor is BMI, a large proportion of the variance is not accounted for by other demographic, clinical or treatment factors. Given the early emergence of IR, secondary prevention interventions may need to commence prior to the development of full-threshold or major mood or psychotic disorders
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Misremembering pain: A memory blindness approach to adding a better end.
How people remember feeling in the past informs future decisions; however, memory for past emotion is subject to a number of biases. Previous research on choice blindness has shown that people often fail to notice when they are exposed to misinformation about their own decisions, preferences, and memories. This type of misinformation can influence how they later remember past events. In the present study, we examined the memory blindness effect in a new domain: memory for pain. Participants (N = 269) underwent a cold-pressor task and rated how much pain, distress, and positive and negative affect they had experienced. Later, participants were shown their pain ratings and asked to explain them. Some of the participants were shown lower pain ratings than they had actually made. In a second session, participants recalled how painful the task had been and how much distress and positive and negative affect they remembered experiencing. The results indicated that the majority of participants who were exposed to misinformation failed to detect the manipulation, and subsequently remembered the task as being less painful. The participants in the misinformation condition were not overall more willing to repeat the study tasks, but the participants who recalled less distress, less negative affect, and more positive affect were more willing to repeat the study tasks again in a future experiment. These results demonstrate the malleability of memory for painful experiences and that willingness to repeat aversive experiences may depend more on memory for affective reactions to the original experience than on memory for the physical pain itself
Developing a Hyperspectral CLose UP Imager With UV Excitation (HyperCLUPI) for Mars Exploration
Developing a Hyperspectral CLose UP Imager With UV Excitation (HyperCLUPI) for Mars Exploration
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